Keywords:
Ciencias sociales -- Cuba -- Publicaciones periódicas.
;
Historia -- Cuba -- Publicaciones periódicas.
;
Cultura -- Cuba -- Publicaciones periódicas.
;
Humanities -- Cuba -- Periodicals.
;
History -- Periodicals.
;
Culture -- Periodicals.
;
Libros electronicos.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
An in-depth introduction to the chemical processes influencing the atmosphere, freshwaters, salt waters and soils.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (375 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9781847557780
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1186034
DDC:
551.9
Language:
English
Note:
Principles of Environmental Chemistry -- Contents -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction -- 1.1 THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES -- 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL PROCESSES -- 1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS -- 1.4 UNITS OF CONCENTRATION -- 1.4.1 Atmospheric Chemistry -- 1.4.2 Soils and Waters -- 1.5 THE ENVIRONMENT AS A WHOLE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2 Chemistry of the Atmosphere -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION -- 2.2 SOURCES OF TRACE GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE -- 2.3 INITIATION OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY BY LIGHT -- 2.4 TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY -- 2.5 TROPOSPHERIC OXIDATION CHEMISTRY -- 2.5.1 Nitrogen Oxides and the Photostationary State -- 2.5.2 Production and Destruction of Ozone -- 2.5.3 Role of Hydrocarbons -- 2.5.4 Urban Chemistry -- 2.6 NIGHT-TIME OXIDATION CHEMISTRY -- 2.7 OZONE-ALKENE CHEMISTRY -- 2.8 SULFUR CHEMISTRY -- 2.9 HALOGEN CHEMISTRY -- 2.9.1 Tropospheric Halogens and Catalytic Destruction of Ozone -- 2.10 STRATOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY -- 2.10.1 The Antarctic Ozone Hole -- 2.11 SUMMARY -- QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3 Chemistry of Freshwaters -- 3.1 INTRODUCTION -- 3.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF AQUATIC CHEMISTRY -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 Dissolution/Precipitation Reactions -- 3.2.3 Complexation Reactions in Freshwaters -- 3.2.4 Species Distribution in Freshwaters -- 3.2.5 Modelling Aquatic Systems -- 3.3 CASE STUDIES -- 3.3.1 Acidification -- 3.3.2 Metals and Metalloids in Water -- 3.3.3 Historical Pollution Records and Perturbatory Processes in Lakes -- 3.3.4 Nutrients in Water and Sediments -- 3.3.5 Organic Matter and Organic Chemicals in Water -- QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS -- FURTHER READING -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4 Chemistry of the Oceans -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.1.1 The Ocean as a Biogeochemical Environment -- 4.1.2 Properties of Water and Seawater -- 4.1.3 Salinity Concepts -- 4.1.4 Oceanic Circulation -- 4.2 SEAWATER COMPOSITION AND CHEMISTRY -- 4.2.1 Major Constituents.
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4.2.2 Dissolved Gases -- 4.2.3 Nutrients -- 4.2.4 Trace Elements -- 4.2.5 Physico-Chemical Speciation -- 4.3 SUSPENDED PARTICLES AND MARINE SEDIMENTS -- 4.3.1 Description of Sediments and Sedimentary Components -- 4.3.2 Surface Chemistry of Particles -- 4.3.3 Diagenesis -- 4.4 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES IN ESTUARIES -- 4.5 MARINE CONTAMINATION AND POLLUTION -- 4.5.1 Oil Slicks -- 4.5.2 Plastic Debris -- 4.5.3 Tributyltin -- QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5 The Chemistry of the Solid Earth -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 MINERAL COMPONENTS OF SOIL -- 5.2.1 Inputs -- 5.2.2 Primary Minerals -- 5.2.3 Secondary Minerals -- 5.2.4 Weathering Processes (See Also Chapter 3) -- 5.3 ORGANIC COMPONENTS OF SOIL -- 5.4 SOIL PH AND REDOX POTENTIAL -- 5.4.1 pH and Buffering -- 5.4.2 Soil Acidity -- 5.4.3 Soil Alkalinity (See Also Section 3.2.4) -- 5.4.4 Influence of pH on Soils -- 5.4.5 Redox Potential -- 5.4.6 Reduction Processes in Soil -- 5.5 CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN SOIL -- 5.5.1 Reactions in Soil Solution -- 5.5.2 Ion Exchange (Physisorption) -- 5.5.3 Ligand Exchange (Chemisorption) -- 5.5.4 Complexation/Chelation -- 5.5.5 Precipitation/Dissolution -- 5.5.6 Soil Processes -- QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6 Environmental Organic Chemistry -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.2 THE DIVERSITY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- 6.2.1 Identifying Sources of Hydrocarbons -- 6.3 THE FATE OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS -- 6.4 CHEMICAL PARTITIONING -- 6.4.1 Important Partitioning Coefficients -- 6.4.2 Temperature Dependence -- 6.4.3 Partition Maps -- 6.5 CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION AND DEGRADATION -- 6.6 CHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION THROUGH PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- 6.6.1 Light Absorption and the Beer-Lambert Law -- 6.6.2 Photolysis in Aqueous Systems -- 6.6.3 Photochemistry of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) -- 6.7 CONCLUSIONS -- 6.8 QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7 Biogeochemical Cycling of Chemicals.
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7.1 INTRODUCTION: BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLING -- 7.1.1 Environmental Reservoirs -- 7.1.2 Lifetimes -- 7.2 RATES OF TRANSFER BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS -- 7.2.1 Air-Land Exchange -- 7.2.2 Air-Sea Exchange -- 7.3 TRANSFER IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS -- 7.4 BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES -- 7.4.1 Case Study 1: The Biogeochemical Cycle of Nitrogen -- 7.4.2 Case Study 2: Aspects of Biogeochemical Cycle of Lead -- 7.5 BEHAVIOUR OF LONG-LIVED ORGANIC CHEMICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT -- QUESTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Glossary -- Subject Index.
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