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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 238 (1983), S. 87-96 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Trachea ; Schleimhautabsorption ; Antibiotika ; menschliches IgG ; Absorptionsmodus ; Trachea ; Mucosal absorption ; Antibiotics ; Human IgG ; Absorption pathway
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The absorption of doxycycline (DOTC), bekanamycin (AKM), cefazolin (CEZ), penicillin G (PC-G), predonisolone, and human IgG through the rabbit's tracheal mucosa was examined using the double-chamber method. The results indicate that the tracheal mucosa can absorb both small molecules and macromolecules. Passing through the intercellular space, DOTC, a small molecule, was absorbed through the tracheal epithelium by diffusion. Human IgG, a macromolecule, was absorbed by the mechanism of an energy-consuming transport process. This study of the absorption of drugs through the respiratory mucosa could open up new areas in the utilization of intrarespiratory administration of drugs and lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in respiratory allergies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Aufnahme von DOTC, AKM, CEZ, PC-G, Predonisolon und menschlichem IgG durch die Trachealmucosa des Kaninchens wurde mit der Doppelkammermethode geprüft. Als Resultat zeigte sich, daß die Trachealmucosa sowohl kleine Moleküle als auch Makromoleküle resorbieren konnte. Durch die Interzeüularspalten wurde DOTC, ein kleines Molekül von dem Trachealepithelium durch Diffusion resorbiert. Das menschliche IgG, ein Makromolekül, wurde durch den Mechanismus des Energie verbrauchenden Transportprozesses resorbiert. Die vorliegende Studie läßt neue Wege für die Verwendung einer intrarespiratorischen Verabreichung von Arzneien erkennen und kann wichtigen Erkenntnissen über den Mechanismus der respiratorischen Allergie führen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-5922
    Keywords: portal-systemic shunt ; hepatitis B ; liver cirrhosis ; encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 40-year-old man with a large spleno-caval shunt through the azygos vein is described. This was considered a rare case, because the patient had no accompanying advanced liver disease, or episodes of hepatic encephalopathy. During checks after abnormal liver function test results, a shunt vessel was detected incidentally by ultrasonography. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography demonstrated that it was a large shunt between the splenic vein and superior vena cava through the coronary and azygos veins. The patient was a hepatitis B virus carrier and was positive for anti-HBe, and had a history of heavy drinking. However, on laparoscopic examination, the liver was not cirrhotic and the biopsy revealed only mild chronic hepatitis without bridging fibrosis. There were no esophageal varices or hepatosplenomegaly. On hemodynamic evaluation, the wedge hepatic vein pressure was slightly elevated and hepatic blood flow was reduced to half the normal value. Despite the large portal-systemic shunt, the patient had no history or signs of hepatic encephalopathy. The clinical features of this rare case are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 361-369 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various low-density polyethylenes ranging in initial weight-average molecular weight (M̄w) from 7600 to 589000 having a ratio of M̄w to number-average molecular weight (M̄n) of about 5 were irradiated by γ-rays in vacuo at 30°C. Gel fractions were determined and analyzed by using the equation derived by Charlesby and Pinner. The following relationships were obtained when M̄w was used as the molecular weight: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \begin{array}{rcl} r_g&=&2.85\times 10^3 \bar{M}_w^{-1}[{\rm C}\hbox{=\hskip-1pt=}{\rm C}]_0 ^{ - 0.21}\\ q_0&=&5.98\times 10^{-3}[{\rm C}\hbox{=\hskip-1pt=}{\rm C}]_0 ^{0.21}\\ p_0&=&2.98\times 10^{-3}[{\rm C}\hbox{=\hskip-1pt=}{\rm C}]_0 ^{0.21}\\ \end{array} $$\end{document} where rg represents the gel point dosage (Mrad), [C=C]0 is the sum of the initial contents of terminal vinyl and vinylidene unsaturations (mole/g polyethylene), and q0 and p0 are the probabilities of crosslinking and main-chain scission per monomer unit for a unit radiation dose in Mrad, respectively. Similar relationships to the equations described above were also obtained when M̄n was used. From the results, it was concluded that terminal vinyl and vinylidene unsaturations play an important role for the gel formation in the γ-radiation-induced crosslinking of polyethylene in vacuo at room temperature.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 2805-2813 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A kinetic study was made of the formation of hydrogen and trans-vinylene unsaturation in the radiolysis of polyethylene induced by γ rays with a dose rate of 6.35 × 105 rad/hr at 30-100°C in vacuo. The rates of the formation of hydrogen and trans-vinylene unsaturation were described by the zero-order formation kinetics with respect to each concentration combined with the first-order disappearance. The apparent rate constant for the formation of hydrogen increased gradually with rising irradiation temperature to give the activation energy of 0.6 kcal/mole. On the other hand, those for the disappearance of hydrogen and the formation and disappearance of trans-vinylene unsaturation were almost independent of temperature. The G values for crosslinking and main-chain scission were obtained from the gel data by using the Charlesby-Pinner equation, and the activation energy of 1.5 kcal/mole was given for both of them. On the basis of these results the reactions induced by γ rays in solid polyethylene were discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 1539-1552 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: γ Radiolysis of polyethylene grafted with styrene of 0-76 wt % was carried out at 30-100°C in vacuo with a dose rate of 6.35 × 105 rad/hr. The formation of hydrogen and trans-vinylene unsaturation decreased as the content of styrene unit in polymer increased and the rate of formation was described by zero-order formation kinetics with respect to each concentration combined with first-order disappearance. The gel fraction changed with the content of styrene unit according to irradiation time and temperature. The gel data were evaluated by using the Charlesby-Pinner equation. Kinetic analysis showed that in γ radiolysis of polyethylene grafted with styrene the formation of hydrogen is somewhat retarded, the crosslinking and main chain scission are accelerated, and the disappearance of hydrogen and formation and disappearance of trans-vinylene unsaturation are almost entirely unaffected. On the basis of these results the reactions induced by γ rays in graft polymer were discussed in connection with the reaction mechanisms of the γ radiolyses of polyethylene and polystyrene.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 18 (1980), S. 1115-1122 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The γ radiolysis of polyethylene preirradiated with electron beams to 3 Mrad was carried out at 30-100°C in vacuo with a dose rate of 6.35 × 105 rad/hr. The hydrogen formation in the γ radiolysis was little affected by the preirradiation of electron beams, whereas the formation of trans-vinylene unsaturation and gel was somewhat retarded. The rates of the formation of hydrogen and trans-vinylene unsaturation were described by the zero-order formation kinetics with respect to each concentration combined with the first-order disappearance. The apparent rate constants and activation energies for the formation and disappearance of hydrogen and trans-vinylene unsaturation were almost independent of the preirradiation. The gel fraction was analyzed by using the Charlesby-Pinner equation. The G values of crosslinking and main chain scission were increased by the preirradiation, whereas their activation energies remained unaltered. On the basis of these results the effects of preirradiation on the reactions induced by γ rays in polyethylene were discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 4 (1966), S. 881-882 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 5 (1967), S. 997-1000 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 2307-2316 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The γ-radiation-induced crosslinking of polystyrene was studied at 30-100°C in vacuo with a dose rate of 6.35 × 105 rad/hr. The amount of hydrogen formation increased with increasing irradiation time, and the rate of the formation decreased with the time. The results were well described by the zero-order formation kinetics with respect to the hydrogen concentration combined with the first-order disappearance. The apparent rate constant for the formation of hydrogen increased somewhat with rising irradiation temperature, and the one for the disappearance was little affected by the temperature. The gel fraction increased with the time by the irradiation beyond the critical time for incipient gel formation, and the rate of gel formation decreased with the time. The gel formation was retarded by rising irradiation temperature, and only a little gel fraction was observed at 100°C. The G values for the crosslinking and main-chain scission were obtained from the gel data by using the Charlesby-Pinner equation. On the basis of these results, the mechanism of the γ-radiation-induced crosslinking of polystyrene was discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 7 (1969), S. 2575-2586 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of acetylene on the γ-radiation-induced polymerization of ethylene were studied from the viewpoint of kinetics. The experiments were carried out under a pressure of 150-400 kg/cm2; the temperature was 30°C; the dose rates were 2.7 × 104 and 1.1 × 105 rad/hr; the acetylene content was 0-2.21%. Both the polymer yield and the molecular weight increased acceleratively with the reaction pressure in the polymerization containing 0.18% acetylene. The yield increased almost proportionally with the dose rate, and the molecular weight was found to be almost independent of the dose rate in the polymerization containing 2.21% acetylene. The polymerization rate and the molecular weight increased with reaction time, but the increment decreased with increasing acetylene content. The degree of increase in the molecular weight also decreased with increasing time. These results were analyzed by using a graphical evaluation method for kinetics, and the effects of acetylene on each elementary step in the polymerization discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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