Note: Cover -- Contents -- Part I. Introduction -- 1. THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM IN EVERYDAY LIFE -- 1.1 Overview of the Vestibular System -- 1.2 Visual Acuity and the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex -- 1.3 Air-Righting Reflex in the Cat -- 1.4 Post-Rotational Reactions -- 1.5 Positional Alcohol Nystagmus -- 1.6 Motion Sickness -- 1.7 Vection Illusions -- 1.8 The Subjective Visual Vertical -- 1.9 Adaptive Plasticity -- 1.10 Path Finding and Spatial Orientation -- 1.11 Postural Control -- 1.12 Summary -- 1.13 Selected Readings -- Part II. Peripheral Vestibular System -- 2. STRUCTURE OF THE VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH -- 2.1 Gross and Microscopic Anatomy -- 2.2 Fine Structure of the Sensory Regions -- 2.3 Regional Variations in Cellular Architecture and Afferent Innervation -- 2.4 Efferent Innervation -- 2.5 Summary -- 2.6 Selected Readings -- 3. HAIR CELL TRANSDUCTION -- 3.1 Mechanoelectric Transduction -- 3.2 Basolateral Currents -- 3.3 Neurotransmitter Release and Presynaptic Calcium Channels -- 3.4 Postsynaptic Mechanisms -- 3.5 Synaptic Transmission Involving Type I Hair Cells -- 3.6 Spike Encoding -- 3.7 Efferent Neurotransmission -- 3.8 Summary -- 3.9 Selected Readings -- 4. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS -- 4.1 General Features of the Vestibular Organs -- 4.2 Semicircular Canals -- 4.3 Otolith Organs -- 4.4 Summary -- 4.5 Selected Readings -- 5. THE EFFERENT VESTIBULAR SYSTEM -- 5.1 Comparative Anatomy of Central Efferent Pathways -- 5.2 Responses of Afferents to Electrical Activation of the EVS -- 5.3 Responses of Efferents to Natural Stimulation -- 5.4 Efferent-Mediated Responses of Afferents -- 5.5 Possible Functions of Efferents in Mammals -- 5.6 Summary -- 5.7 Selected Readings -- Part III. Central Vestibular System -- 6. NEUROANATOMY OF CENTRAL VESTIBULAR PATHWAYS -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Vestibular Nuclei: Subdivisions and Anatomical Organization. , 6.3 Vestibulo-Ocular and Optokinetic Systems -- 6.4 Vestibulospinal Systems -- 6.5 Vestibulocerebellar Relations -- 6.6 Vestibulo-Autonomic Connections -- 6.7 Vestibular Connections with the Neocortex -- 6.8 Pathways Involving the Hippocampal Formation -- 6.9 Summary -- 6.10 Selected Readings -- 6.11 List of Abbreviations -- 7. SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS IN THE VESTIBULAR NUCLEI -- 7.1 Historical Perspective -- 7.2 Basic Circuitry of the Vestibular Nuclei -- 7.3 Neurotransmitters in the Vestibular Nuclei -- 7.4 Properties of Individual Neurons -- 7.5 Central Projections of Regular and Irregular Afferents -- 7.6 Convergence from Separate Vestibular Organs -- 7.7 Convergence from Somatosensory Receptors -- 7.8 Summary -- 7.9 Selected Readings -- Part IV. Vestibulo-Ocular and Vestibulospinal Mechanisms -- 8. AN OCULOMOTOR TUTORIAL -- 8.1 Overview and Classification of Eye Movement Types -- 8.2 Ocular Structure and Functional Implications -- 8.3 Gaze Redirection -- 8.4 Gaze Stabilization -- 8.5 Interactions between Eye and Head Movements -- 8.6 Summary -- 8.7 Selected Readings -- 9. VESTIBULO-OCULAR REFLEXES -- 9.1 Semicircular-Canal-Related Angular VOR -- 9.2 Otolith-Ocular Reflexes -- 9.3 Summary -- 9.4 Selected Readings -- 10. THE VESTIBULOSPINAL SYSTEM AND POSTURAL CONTROL -- 10.1 Reflexes Versus Multisensory Strategies -- 10.2 Multisensory Strategies -- 10.3 Vestibular Reflexes: General Considerations -- 10.4 Vestibulocollic Reflexes (VCR) -- 10.5 Control Systems Analysis of the Head-Neck Plant -- 10.6 Vestibulospinal and Neck Reflexes Acting on the Limbs -- 10.7 Summary -- 10.8 Selected Readings -- Part V. Signal Processing in Alert Animals -- 11. SIGNAL PROCESSING IN VESTIBULAR NUCLEI (VN) OF ALERT ANIMALS DURING NATURAL BEHAVIORS -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Classes of Neurons in Head-Restrained, Alert Monkeys. , 11.3 Dynamics of Neuronal Responses Frequency Response during -- 11.4 Response to Linear Translations in Alert Head-Restrained Monkeys -- 11.5 Interactions with the Oculomotor Pathways that Control Pursuit Eye Movements -- 11.6 Integration of Inputs from Vestibular and Optokinetic Pathways -- 11.7 Integration of Vestibular and Proprioceptive Inputs -- 11.8 Differential Processing of Active Versus Passive Head Movements -- 11.9 Vestibular Processing Depends on Current Gaze Strategy -- 11.10 Summary -- 11.11 Selected Readings -- 12. THE CEREBELLUM AND THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM -- 12.1 Overview of Signal Processing in the Cerebellum -- 12.2 Nodulus and Ventral Uvula -- 12.3 Flocculus and Ventral Paraflocculus -- 12.4 The Vermis of the Anterior and Posterior Lobes -- 12.5 The Deep Cerebellar Nuclei -- 12.6 Summary -- 12.7 Selected Readings -- Part VI. Functional Considerations -- 13. LEARNING AND COMPENSATION IN THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM -- 13.1 Motor Learning in the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex -- 13.2 Compensation for Vestibular Damage -- 13.3 Summary -- 13.4 Selected Readings -- 14. CORTICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF VESTIBULAR INFORMATION -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Historical Perspective -- 14.3 Multiple Representations of Vestibular Signals in the Cerebral Cortex -- 14.4 Ascending Vestibular Pathways through the Thalamus -- 14.5 Descending Cortical Information Affecting Vestibular Responsiveness in the Vestibular Nuclei -- 14.6 Vestibular Influences in the Head-Direction Circuit of the Limbic System -- 14.7 Summary -- 14.8 Selected Readings -- 15. REFERENCE FRAMES FOR THE CODING OF VESTIBULAR SIGNALS -- 15.1 Definitions of Coordinate Systems and Reference Frames -- 15.2 Head- Versus Body-Centered Reference Frames: Vestibular-Neck Proprioceptive Interactions. , 15.3 Head- Versus Eye-Centered Reference Frames for Self-Motion Perception: Vestibular-Visual Interactions in Extrastriate Visual Cortex -- 15.4 Head- Versus World-Centered Reference Frames: Canal-Otolith Convergence for Inertial Motion Detection -- 15.5 Computational Solution for the Two Ambiguities of Peripheral Vestibular Sensors -- 15.6 Summary -- 15.7 Selected Readings -- Part VII . Clinical Disorders -- 16. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PERIPHERAL VESTIBULAR DYSFUNCTION -- 16.1 Prevalence and Impact of Vestibular Disorders -- 16.2 Diagnosis of Vestibular Disorders -- 16.3 Planes of Individual Canals and Direction of Eye Movements -- 16.4 Recovery of the Horizontal VOR after Unilateral Labyrinthectomy -- 16.5 Multisensory Control of Posture -- 16.6 Disorders of Otolith Function -- 16.7 Clinical Tests of Vestibular Function -- 16.8 Future Directions -- 16.9 Summary -- 16.10 Selected Readings -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.