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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Minor, moderate and severe head injury (1986)
    Springer
    Neurosurgical review 9 (1986), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Schlagwort(e): Head injury ; minor ; moderate ; severe ; morbidity ; mortality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The future role of the neurosurgeon in the management of head injury is reviewed in terms of the care of patients with minor, moderate and severe head injuries. In minor head injury it is predicted that there will be increasing pressure on the neurosurgeon to undertake the management and follow-up of all patients who have sustained head injury, and this will place a considerable additional load on each neurosurgical unit. This is based on a survey of 1919 head injuries admitted in one calendar year (1981), consisting of 93 severe injuries (GCS 〈 8), 210 moderate injuries (GCS 8–12), and 1616 minor injuries (GCS 13/14). In moderate injuries CT will assume a major role in detecting hematoma early and identifying contusions. There may yet be a role for steroids in these cases and there should be a greater use of neurorehabilitation, instead of the current overemphasis on the severely injured. In severe injury future efforts will be to prevent early secondary insults and to find better methods of controlling raised intracranial pressure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01743065
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Complete cerebral ischemia (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 48 (1979), S. 113-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Complete cerebral ischemia ; Postischemic recirculation ; Electron microscopy ; Nuclear perturbations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Neuronal, astrocytic, and oligodendrocytic elements in several brain loci of the cat were examined at the light and electron microscopic level immediately after periods of complete cerebral ischemia (CCI) uncomplicated by post-ischemic recirculation. Such CCI episodes ranged from 1.5–25 min duration and were methodically produced in a cat model employing rigorous physiological controls. Subsequent to these CCI insults, morphological alterations occurred in a homogeneous manner within each cell type of all loci examined; however, variation in the temporal onset and magnitude of alterations among the various cell types was observed. With brief ischemic insults all cell nuclei demonstrated pronounced nuclear alterations, while their cytoplasmic organelles displayed minimal change. Chromatin clumping and nucleolar condensation were observed in both neurons and glia subsequent to 1.5–5 min of CCI, respectively. With increasing durations of CCI such changes were more dramatic and conspicuous alterations of the cytoplasmic organelles were observed. On the basis of extensive morphological analyses the present study illustrates that nuclear alterations are the first to occur subsequent to CCI. The homogeneity of neuronal involvement seen subsequent to CCI uncomplicated by post-ischemic recirculation is inconsistent with the “selective vulnerability” purported to occur by others. The significance of this inconsistency remains to be assessed; yet, the suggestion is advanced that post-ischemic recirculation may be a factor in the genesis of such vulnerability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691152
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Parametric imaging of cerebral vascular reserve (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 18 (1991), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Schlagwort(e): Cerebral transit time ; Transcranial Doppler ; Cerebral vascular reserve
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report the reproducibility and response to change in end-tidal CO2 of a new method of quantifying regional mean cerebral transit time (MCTT) compared with the reproducibility and CO2 reactivity of middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocities measured using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Within the range of end-tidal CO2 which could be achieved in conscious subjects breathing spontaneously, hemispheric MCTT, peak MCA velocity and mean MCA velocity showed a linear relationship with end-tidal CO2. After correction to a standardised end-tidal CO2, the coefficients of variation were 5.7% for hemispheric MCTT, 6.3% for peak MCA velocity and 6.8% for mean MCA velocity. Under the conditions of this study, MCA blood flow velocity was proportional to the reciprocal of MCTT, which in turn represents the ratio of blood flow to blood volume. Although the two methods appear to provide similar information, measurement of MCTT is quicker to perform, is less observer-dependent, provides regional information, uses conventional equipment present in most nuclear medicine departments and is less subject to problems associated with patient movement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00186650
    Standort Signatur Einschränkungen Verfügbarkeit
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