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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing AG,
    Keywords: Pycnogonida-America. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (709 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783030584108
    DDC: 595.3097
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Preface -- Prologue -- Contents -- Chapter 1: The Deep-Water Crustacean and Pycnogonid Fauna of the Americas in a Global Context -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Our Watery World and the Beginnings of Life -- 1.2 The Deep Sea -- 1.2.1 How Little Do We Know of Earth's Deep Ocean? -- 1.2.2 The Deep-Sea Environment -- 1.2.3 The Deep Sea of the Americas -- 1.2.3.1 The Ecological Context -- 1.2.3.2 The Oxygen Minimum Zone -- 1.2.3.3 Political Boundaries and Deep Territorial Seas -- 1.2.4 Marine Arthropoda -- 1.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2: Deep-Sea Pycnogonids from Uruguay: Every Deep Cruise Adds Valuable Information -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Materials and Methods -- 2.3 Results -- 2.3.1 Colossendeis angusta Sars, 1877 Fig. 2.2a -- 2.3.2 Ammothea spinosa (Hodgson, 1907) Fig. 2.2b -- 2.3.3 Bathypallenopsis calcanea (Stephensen, 1933) Fig. 2.2c -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: The Deep-Water Colossendeis tenera Hilton, 1943 (Pycnogonida, Pantopoda, Colossendeidae) off Western Mexico -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Material and Methods -- 3.3 Results -- 3.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Deep-Water Benthic Harpacticoida (Copepoda) of the Americas -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Material and Methods -- 4.3 Results and Discussion -- 4.3.1 Diversity and Distribution -- 4.3.1.1 Eastern United States (Fig. 4.5) -- 4.3.1.2 Southern South America (Fig. 4.6) -- 4.3.1.3 The Gulf of Mexico (Fig. 4.7) -- 4.3.1.4 Southeast Pacific (Fig. 4.8) -- 4.3.1.5 Eastern Central Pacific (Fig. 4.9) -- 4.3.1.6 Gulf of California (Fig. 4.10) -- 4.3.1.7 Northeastern Pacific (Fig. 4.11) -- 4.3.1.8 Campos Basin and Continental Slope off Sergipe, Brazil (Fig. 4.12) -- 4.3.1.9 Beaufort Sea (Fig. 4.13) -- 4.3.2 Ecology -- 4.3.2.1 Associations with other Metazoan Species -- 4.3.2.2 Regional/Long-Range Dispersal and Colonization of the Deep Sea. , The EiE Hypothesis -- The Meiofaunal Paradox -- Dispersal and Distribution of Deep-Sea Harpacticoids -- References -- Chapter 5: Updated Checklist of Deep-Sea Amphipods (Amphilochidea and Senticaudata) from Western Mexico, NE Pacific Ocean -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Material and Methods -- 5.3 Results -- 5.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 6: Isopoda Epicaridea from Deep Water Around North and Central America -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Material and Methods -- 6.3 Results -- 6.3.1 Systematic Section -- 6.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Biodiversity of the Deep-Sea Isopods, Cumaceans, and Amphipods (Crustacea: Peracarida) Recorded off the Argentine Coast -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Material and Methods -- 7.3 Results -- 7.3.1 General Comments -- 7.3.2 Isopoda -- 7.3.3 Cumacea -- 7.3.4 Amphipoda -- 7.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 8: Benthic Invertebrate Communities in the Continental Margin Sediments of the Monterey Bay Area -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Methods -- 8.3 Results and Discussion -- 8.3.1 Sediments -- 8.3.2 Benthic Communities -- 8.3.3 Diversity and Abundance -- 8.3.4 Major Taxonomic Groups -- 8.3.5 Depth Patterns -- 8.3.5.1 Inner Shelf (10-30 m) -- 8.3.5.2 Mid-shelf and Mud Zone (50-90 m) -- 8.3.5.3 Shelf-Slope Break (109-150 m) -- 8.3.5.4 Upper Slope (325-450 m) -- 8.3.5.5 Oxygen Minimum Zone (700 m) -- 8.3.5.6 Deeper Slope (1000-2000 m) -- 8.4 Conclusions -- Appendices -- Appendix 8.5.1: Station locations and the number (N) of replicate grab samples (0.1 m2) taken and processed at each station for community analyses along the four depth transects in the Monterey Bay area -- Appendix 8.5.2: Images of the seafloor and seafloor elements in Monterey Bay -- Appendix 8.5.2.1: Glauconite from a sediment sample from 877 m depth off Monterey, California. © Linda Kuhnz, 2006. Scale bar = 0.25 mm. , Appendix 8.5.2.2: Sand ripple bottom at 45 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.3: Mud bottom at 90 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.4: Large group of sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus fragilis, at 91 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.5 Live and dead brachiopods, Laqueus californianus, at 150 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.6: High density of brachiopods, Laqueus californianus, at 112 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.7: Mud bottom at 112 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.8 Mixed bottom at 122 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.9: Ophiuroids and a sea star, Rathbunaster californicus, at 191 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.10: Ophiuroids at 193 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.11: Mixed bottom at 324 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.12: Mixed bottom at 434 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.13: Ampeliscid tube mat found at 700 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.14: Mud bottom at 1000 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- Appendix 8.5.2.15: Mud bottom at 1200 m. ABA © 1999 (ROV Phantom/Remora) -- 8.4.1 Appendix 8.5.3: Dendrogram displaying the results of a cluster analysis on samples from all four transects combined. Clusters of water depths connected by dashed orange lines are not significantly different from each other, but are signifi -- Appendix 8.5.4: Top ten species at each depth and transect (means and standard deviations for N grab samples shown in Tables 4-5 and Appendix 8.5.1). Blank sections have no data to report for that depth and transect combination -- References -- Chapter 9: Deep-Water Penaeoid Shrimp of the Southern Gulf of Mexico Upper Slope: Distribution, Abundance, and Fishery Potential -- 9.1 Introduction. , 9.2 Material and Methods -- 9.2.1 Sampling Procedure -- 9.2.2 Sampling Locations -- 9.3 Results -- 9.3.1 Penaeoid Species Composition -- 9.3.2 Biomass and Catch per Unit Effort (CPUE) -- 9.4 Discussion -- 9.4.1 Distribution and Depth Range -- 9.4.2 Potential Fishery Resource -- 9.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Sex Distribution and Reproductive Trends in the Deep-Water Species of Nematocarcinus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Nematocarcinidae) from Western Mexico -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Material and Methods -- 10.3 Results -- 10.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 11: Influence of Environmental Variables on the Abundance and Distribution of the Deep-Water Shrimps Nematocarcinus faxoni Burukovsky, 2001 and N. agassizii Faxon, 1893 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Nematocarcinidae) off Western Mexico -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Material and Methods -- 11.2.1 Biological Sampling -- 11.2.2 Environmental Data -- 11.2.3 Data Analysis -- 11.3 Results -- 11.3.1 Population Structure -- 11.3.2 Relationship Between Density and Environmental Variables -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.4.1 Geographic and Bathymetric Distributions -- 11.4.2 Size and Sexual Maturity -- 11.4.3 Environmental Drivers -- References -- Chapter 12: Pelagic Shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata, and Caridea) in the Southeast Pacific -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Materials and Methods -- 12.3 Results -- 12.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 13: Deep-Sea Lobsters (Polychelidae and Nephropidae) from the Continental Slope of the Southern Gulf of Mexico: Distribution and Morphometric Relationships -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Materials and Methods -- 13.2.1 Study Area -- 13.2.2 Lobster Collection -- 13.2.3 Statistical Analyses -- 13.2.3.1 Horizontal and Bathymetric Distribution -- 13.2.3.2 Morphometric Relationships and Allometry -- 13.2.3.3 Relationships Between Lobster Size and Depth. , 13.3 Results -- 13.3.1 Horizontal and Bathymetric Distribution -- 13.3.2 Size Distribution and Morphometric Relationships -- 13.3.3 Tests of Allometry -- 13.3.4 Relationships Between Lobster Size and Depth -- 13.4 Discussion -- 13.4.1 Polychelid Lobsters -- 13.4.2 Nephropid Lobsters -- 13.4.3 Should Deep-Sea Lobsters Be Fished? -- References -- Chapter 14: New Molecular Data on Squat Lobster from the Coast of São Paulo State (Brazil) (Anomura: Munida and Agononida) and Insights on the Systematics of the Family Munididae -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Material and Methods -- 14.2.1 Sampling and Identification of Specimens -- 14.2.2 Molecular Protocols -- 14.2.3 Data Analysis -- 14.3 Results -- 14.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 15: Biology and Distribution of Agononida longipes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Munididae) in the Colombian Caribbean Sea -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Methods -- 15.3 Results -- 15.3.1 Abundance -- 15.3.2 Carapace Length -- 15.3.3 Sex Ratio -- 15.3.4 Fecundity -- 15.3.5 Parasite Infestation -- 15.4 Discussion -- 15.4.1 Abundance -- 15.4.2 Carapace Length -- 15.4.3 Sex Ratio -- 15.4.4 Fecundity -- 15.4.5 Parasite Infestation -- References -- Chapter 16: King Crabs of Peruvian Waters During 2003-2004: New Insights -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Materials and Methods -- 16.2.1 Area and Period of Exploratory Fishing -- 16.2.2 Biological and Fisheries Data on Board -- 16.2.3 Sample and Laboratory -- 16.2.4 Statistical Analysis -- 16.3 Results -- 16.3.1 Distribution and Relative Abundance -- 16.3.2 Landing and Catch -- 16.3.3 Size Structure -- 16.3.4 Size-Wet Mass Relationship -- 16.3.5 Female Maturity Size -- 16.3.6 Parasites -- 16.4 Discussion -- References -- Chapter 17: Lower Slope and Abyssal Benthic Decapods of the Eastern Pacific -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Methods -- 17.3 Results -- 17.3.1 Species in the Eastern Pacific. , 17.3.2 Taxonomy.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,
    Keywords: Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (724 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9783642473524
    Series Statement: Handbuch der Physik Series ; v.8
    Language: German
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2020-04-02
    Description: Changes in ocean circulation and the biological carbon pump have been implicated as the drivers behind the rise in atmospheric CO2 across the last deglaciation; however, the processes involved remain uncertain. Previous records have hinted at a partitioning of deep ocean ventilation across the two major intervals of atmospheric CO2 rise, but the consequences of differential ventilation on the Si cycle has not been explored. Here we present three new records of silicon isotopes in diatoms and sponges from the Southern Ocean that together show increased Si supply from deep mixing during the deglaciation with a maximum during the Younger Dryas (YD). We suggest Antarctic sea ice and Atlantic overturning conditions favoured abyssal ocean ventilation at the YD and marked an interval of Si cycle reorganisation. By regulating the strength of the biological pump, the glacial–interglacial shift in the Si cycle may present an important control on Pleistocene CO2 concentrations.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) inflow to the SW Pacific is one of the largest, transporting ~40% of the total input of deep water to the world’s oceans. Here we use a sedimentary record from the giant piston core MD97-2114 collected on the northern flank of the Chatham Rise located at 1935 m water depth, east of New Zealand, to investigate DWBC variability during the Pleistocene epoch when the period of glacial cycles changed progressively from a 41 kyr to 100 kyr rhythm. Magnetic grain-size may be directly related to orbitally forced fluctuations in the strength of the upper circumpolar deep water (UCDW) through its interaction with terrigenous sediments supplied from the south and west. The long-term trends in magnetic properties are characterized by two main perturbations centered at 870 ka (Marine Isotope Stage, MIS 22) 450 ka (MIS 12), which is broadly consistent with the inferred perturbation during the mid-Pleistocene climate transition based on sedimentological paleocurrent reconstruction from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1123 located at 3290 m water depth in the main core of the DWBC flow on the North Chatham Drift. This similarity suggests that both the upper and middle CDW are modulated by similar processes and fluctuations of Antarctic Bottom Water production could be directly responsible for this deep Pacific Ocean inflow variability over the past 1.2 Ma.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107-118
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: DWBC ; Chatham Rise ; New Zealand; ; Pleistocene; ; magnetostratigraphy; ; environmental magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, 06938, 2008. European Geosciences Union, 5th General Assembly, 13-18 April 2008, Vienna, Austria..
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The analysis of air bubbles trapped in polar ice permits the reconstruction of the evo-lution of major greenhouse gases over various timescales. This study leans on thepast behaviour of the most important human-induced greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide(CO2). The past origin of CO2 is better comprehended when studying concomitantlythe evolution of its stable carbon isotope composition, as it is affected by various frac-tionation processes in and between carbon reservoirs.The LGGE dry extraction method of gases occluded in ice was used in combinationwith a new instrumental setup to investigate the CO2 mixing ratio and its stable car-bon isotope composition (delta13CO2) in air from the last deglaciation at the EPICADome Concordia site (Antarctica). The resolution of our results (250 years in average)allows us to divide Termination I (TI) into four sub-periods, each representing differ-ent climatic features at the Earth surface (Heinrich I, Bølling/Ållerød, Antarctic ColdReversal, Younger Dryas). We observe that CO2 and delta13CO2 are not correlated.Delta13CO2 shows positive and negative excursions associated with changes in thegrowth rate of atmospheric CO2. This illustrates the dynamic character of the carboncycle and its coupling to climate change during the deglaciation. The use of two car-bon cycle box models highlight oceanic mechanisms as the major contributors to theCO2 evolution during these periods of TI, and the terrestrial biosphere for the warmBølling/Ållerød event.We will also present pioneering delta13CO2 data obtained in the course of the penul-timate deglaciation (TII); this is expected to bring some more light in the carbon cyclequestion during glacial-interglacial transitions although the existing challenge on icephysics (clathrate ice for TII vs bubbly ice for TI) should not be neglected.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 6
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    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 10, 09056, 2008. European Geosciences Union, 5th General Assembly, 13-18 April 2008, Vienna, Austria..
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Paleo-environmental records and extensive modeling studies have demonstrated thatthe Sahara was largely covered by grass and steppe vegetation in the early to midHolocene. The orbitally controlled incoming summer insolation is the primary forcingfactor during the Holocene. It is well-documented that internal feedback-mechanismsbetween the vegetation and the atmosphere-ocean system caused a sudden shift fromthe vegetated humid Sahara state to a arid desert climate about 50004000 years ago.Proxy evidence suggests also an abrupt onset of the African Humid Period between14,000 and 11,000 yr BP. However, the attribution of the rapid onset to orbitally driveninsolation anomalies or to the Bølling-Allerød, Younger- Dryas transitions is non-trivial. Here we show in transient simulations with climate and vegetation modelsof different complexity that the abrupt change of the African Monsoon/vegetationsystem from dry/deserted glacial state to wet/green conditions is accelerated by thevegetation-albedo feedback. The non-linear response of the climate-vegetation sys-tem to precessional forcing leads to a rapid onset of the African Humid Period at∼11,000 yr BP.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 7
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    In:  EPIC3Conference "1st European Ice Core Forum- European Partnerships in Ice Core Science (EPICS) - Developing a strategy for European Research Programmes", European Polar Consortium EUROPOLAR ERA-NET & ESF European Polar Board, Bernin, FranceOctober 2007., 14
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    In:  EPIC3Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 11, 3391 2009. European Geosciences Union, 6th General Assembly, 19-24 April 2009, Vienna, Austria.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The analysis of air bubbles trapped in polar ice permits the reconstruction of atmospheric evolution of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2 ), on various timescales. Within this study, the simultaneous analysis of the CO2 mixing ratio and its stable carbon isotope composition (δ 13 CO2 ) over the last two deglaciations allows us to better constrain the global carbon cycle. Based on the different isotopic signatures of the ocean and the terrestrial biosphere (major reservoirs responsible for the CO2 oscillations on a glacial interglacial scale), δ 13 CO2 contributes in distinguishing the major sources of CO2 for the studied periods. The new LGGE analytical method applied to samples from the EPICA / Dome C ice core provides a 1-sigma uncertainty over 3 measurements on the same extracted gas of 0.98 and 1.87 ppmv for CO2 , for the last and penultimate deglaciation respectively, accompanied by an averaged 0.1 1-sigma for δ 13 CO2 for both periods. This allows us to reveal significant changes in the signal through time. The time resolution of our results (∼250 and ∼730 years, for last and penultimate deglaciation) allows us to divide Terminations (T) into sub-periods, based on the different slope of CO2 rate of changes. The ∼80 ppmv CO2 increase throughout TI, coherent with previously published studies, is accompanied by a ∼0.6 decrease of δ 13 CO2 with additional clear trends during the different sub-periods. TII shows similar trends as for TI but of a larger magnitude: we therefore observe a ∼110 ppmv rise associated with an overall ∼0.9 decrease. In addition, δ 13 CO2 appears overall lighter during TII than TI. The two datasets are jointly evaluated using two C cycle box models. We conclude that oceanic processes involving stratification breakdown of the austral ocean, combined with reduction of sea ice cover and biological pump, can explain a large part of the signal. In addition, continental biosphere buildup during the Bolling/Allerod and thermohaline circulation fluctuations could have imprinted our signals in the second half of TI.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The analysis of air bubbles trapped in polar ice permits the reconstruction of atmospheric components over various timescales. Past evolution of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), lies on the frontline of paleorecords understanding. Within this study, the glacial interglacial oscillations of CO2 will be examined for the last 160,000 years. This period encompasses two deglaciations.The simultaneous analysis of the stable carbon isotope composition (δ13CO2) allows to better constrain the global carbon cycle. Based on the different isotopic signatures of the ocean and the terrestrial biosphere (major reservoirs responsible for the CO2 oscillations on a glacial interglacial scale), δ13CO2 contributes in distinguishing the major sources of CO2 for the studied periods.The LGGE method of gas extraction from ice was used in combination with a new instrumental setup to investigate the CO2 mixing ratio and its stable carbon isotope composition in air from the two last deglaciations at the EPICA Dome Concordia site in Antarctica. Being challenged from the different ice properties corresponding to the two major periods (being in bubble form for the last and in clathrate form for the penultimate deglaciation), the resulting averaged 3-expansion 1-sigma uncertainty (0.98 and 1.87 ppmv for CO2, respectively), accompanied by an averaged 0.1 1-sigma for δ13CO2 for both periods were satisfying enough to exclude any artefact scenario in the experimental protocol. The resolution of our results (~250 and ~730 years, for last and penultimate deglaciation) allows us to divide Terminations (T) into sub-periods, based on the different slope CO2 experiences. For TI, the four sub-periods revealed climatic events for both hemispheres (e.g.: Heinrich I, Bölling/Alleröd, Antarctic Cold Reversal, Younger Dryas), as also shown from polar and oceanic proxies. For the case of TII, a similar dynamic pattern between CO2 and δ13CO2 is seen as for TI, but the synchronization of oceanic events in our atmospheric record is more delicate due to higher data uncertainties one encounters for such a time scale.Our results show a ~80 ppmv CO2 increase throughout TI, which is coherent with previously published studies. The δ13CO2 shows a deglacial ~0.6 decrease accompanying the CO2 rise, showing clear trends during the different sub-periods. TII shows similar trends as for TI but of a larger magnitude: we therefore observe a ~110 ppmv rise associated with a ~0.9 decrease. Several scenarii can explain the abrupt deglacial CO2 increase, but there is presently no consensus on the exact causes and their respective role. Still, it is presumed that the ocean reservoir contributes the most. As a first interpretation of the obtained TI coupled CO2 and δ13CO2 dataset, the use of two C cycle box models is applied, validating the initial dominant oceanic role. The use of polar and oceanic proxies for the atmosphere and the ocean, superposed with our atmospheric signal should provide some responses on the similarities and differences of both deglaciations. Similarities potentially concern forcing factors and the amplifying role of the climatic system towards the external forcing, while differences mainly concern the different relative timing and magnitudes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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