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Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 03i1219E. - Verbund-Nr. 01023184. - Literaturangaben , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Auch als gedr. Ausg. vorh , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat reader.

Note: Front -- Contents -- DISCRETE-TIME WAVELETS -- THE DOUBLE DENSITY DWT -- MULTISCALE BAYESIAN ESTIMATION AND DATA RECTIFICATION -- EMPIRICAL TESTS FOR EVALUATION OF MULTIRATE FILTER BANK PARAMETERS -- SYMMETRY AND LOCALITY IN IMAGE REPRESENTATION -- TOWARDS BRIDGING SCALE-SPACE AND MULTISCALE FRAME ANALYSES -- WAVELET DOMAIN FEATURES FOR TEXTURE/PATTERN DESCRIPTION, CLASSIFICATION AND REPLICABILITY ANALYSIS -- WAVELETS FOR IMAGE FUSION -- TRANSFORM CODING OF SIGNALS WITH BOUNDED FINITE DIFFERENCES: FROM FOURIER TO WALSH, TO WAVELETS -- MULTI-LAYERED IMAGE REPRESENTATION -- IMAGE COMPRESSION THROUGH LEVEL LINES AND WAVELET PACKETS -- IMAGE COMPRESSION USING SPLINE BASED WAVELET TRANSFORMS -- SPATIO-TEMPORAL DIRECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME THREE DIMENSIONAL CARDIAC ULTRASOUND -- WAVELETS FOR COMPUTER-AIDED DIAGNOSIS IN RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES -- WAVELET ANALYSIS OF EVENT RELATED POTENTIALS FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- AN APPLICATION OF THE DWT IN SEISMIC DATA ANALYSIS -- APPLICATION OF WAVELET ANALYSIS TO CONDITION MONITORING OF ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributing Authors -- 1. Introduction -- References -- 2. Analytics of Rare Earth Elements - Basics and Methods -- 2.1 Electronic configurations of RE elements and analytical properties -- 2.1.1 Chemistry of Ln3+ ions -- 2.1.2 Chemistry of Ln2+ and Ln4+ ions -- 2.2 The development of rare earth analytics from 1940 to present -- 2.2.1 Determination methods applied during the period from 1940 to 1960 -- 2.2.2 Separation methods applied during the period 1940-1960 -- 2.2.3 RE analysis during the period 1960-1980 -- 2.2.4 Literature review 1978 -- 2.2.5 Situation of RE analytics from 1980 to present -- References -- 3. Separation/Preconcentration Techniques for Rare Earth Elements Analysis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Chemical separation techniques for REEs -- 3.2.1 Precipitation/coprecipitation -- 3.3 Liquid-liquid extraction -- 3.3.1 Affecting factors for LLE of REEs -- 3.3.2 Extractants for REEs -- 3.3.3 Extractant concentration and extraction equilibrium constant -- 3.3.4 Medium pH -- 3.3.5 Salting-out agent -- 3.3.6 Extraction systems for REEs and their application -- 3.4 Liquid phase microextraction -- 3.4.1 Operation modes and mechanism -- 3.4.2 Single-drop microextraction -- 3.4.3 Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction -- 3.4.4 Two-phase HF-LPME -- 3.4.5 Three-phase HF-LPME -- 3.4.6 Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction -- 3.4.7 Solidified floating organic drop microextraction -- 3.4.8 Affecting factors in LPME -- 3.4.9 Cloud point extraction -- 3.5 Solid phase extraction -- 3.5.1 Carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide -- 3.5.2 Silica-based materials -- 3.5.3 Chelating resin and ionic-exchange resin -- 3.5.4 Metal oxide nanostructured materials -- 3.5.5 Ion-imprinted materials -- 3.5.6 Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) -- 3.5.7 Restricted access materials -- 3.5.8 Capillary microextraction. , References -- 4. Chromatographic Techniques for Rare Earth Elements Analysis -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Liquid chromatography -- 4.2.1 Ion-exchange chromatography -- 4.2.2 Ion chromatography -- 4.2.3 Reverse-phase ion pair chromatography (RPIPC) -- 4.2.4 Extraction chromatography -- 4.2.5 Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and Paper chromatography (PC) -- 4.3 Gas chromatography -- 4.4 Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) -- 4.4.1 Basic knowledge and principle -- 4.4.2 Influencing factors on CE separation -- 4.4.3 Applications in REEs analysis -- 4.5 Supercritical fluid chromatography -- References -- 5. Analysis and Speciation of Lanthanoides by ICP-MS -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Fundamentals of ICP-MS -- 5.2.1 Sample preparation -- 5.2.2 Sample introduction -- 5.2.3 The ion source -- 5.2.4 Interface -- 5.2.5 Lens system -- 5.2.6 Mass analyzers -- 5.2.7 Detector and computer -- 5.3 Analytical figures of merit -- 5.4 Speciation of Gd-based contrast agents -- 5.5 Analysis of Gd-based contrast agents in medical samples -- 5.6 Analysis of Gd-based contrast agents in environmental samples -- 5.7 Summary and outlook -- References -- 6. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry for Rare Earth Elements Analysis -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Spectral interference -- 6.1.2 Matrix effect -- 6.1.3 Acid effect -- 6.1.4 Sensitivity-enhancing effect of organic solvent -- 6.2 Sample introduction for ICP -- 6.2.1 Pneumatic nebulization and ultrasonic nebulization -- 6.2.2 Flow injection -- 6.2.3 Laser ablation -- 6.2.4 Electrothermal vaporization -- 6.3 ETV-ICP-OES for REE analysis -- 6.3.1 Fluorination-assisted (F)ETV-ICP-OES for REEs analysis -- 6.3.2 Low-temperature ETV-ICP-OES for REEs analysis -- 6.4 Application of ICP-OES in the analysis of high-purity REE, alloys and ores -- 6.4.1 High-purity REE analysis by ICP-OES -- 6.4.2 REE ores analysis by ICP-OES. , 6.4.3 Trace REE analysis by ICP-OES in alloys -- References -- 7. Application of Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements inMetals and Alloys -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Spark emission spectrometry basics -- 7.3 Setup of a spark emission spectrometer -- 7.3.1 Argon supply -- 7.3.2 Spark stand -- 7.3.3 Spectrometer optical system -- 7.3.4 Spark generator -- 7.3.5 Power supply -- 7.3.6 Operation and evaluation PC -- 7.4 The analysis process -- 7.5 Quantitative analysis -- 7.5.1 Calibration and recalibration -- 7.5.2 Evaluation of calibration and analysis results -- 7.6 Using spark emission spectrometry -- 7.7 Analysing rare earths using spark emission spectrometry -- 7.7.1 Industrial use of rare earths -- 7.7.2 Spectrometric prerequisites -- 7.7.3 Calibration samples -- 7.8 Analysis of aluminium alloys -- 7.8.1 Calibration (analysis function) and accuracy -- 7.8.2 Detection limits -- 7.8.3 Repeatability -- 7.9 Analysis of magnesium alloys -- 7.9.1 Calibration (analysis function) and accuracy -- 7.9.2 Detection limits -- 7.9.3 Repeatability -- 7.10 Analysis of iron alloys -- 7.10.1 Calibration (analysis function) and accuracy -- 7.10.2 Detection limits -- 7.10.3 Repeatability -- 7.10.4 Long-term stability -- 7.11 Analysis of zinc alloys -- 7.11.1 Calibration (analysis function) and accuracy -- 7.11.2 Detection limits -- 7.11.3 Repeatability -- 7.12 Conclusion -- References -- 8. Use of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Principle of X-ray fluorescence analysis -- 8.3 XRF methods -- 8.3.1 Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis -- 8.3.2 Wavelength-dispersive X-ray analysis -- 8.3.3 Comparison of EDXRF-WDXRF -- 8.3.4 Other XRF techniques -- 8.4 Sample preparation -- 8.4.1 Pressed pellets techniques -- 8.4.2 Fusion technology. , 8.4.3 Additional sample preparation techniques -- 8.5 Practical application of REEs determination -- 8.5.1 Reference materials -- 8.5.2 Measuring parameters -- 8.5.3 Analyte lines -- 8.5.4 Lower limit of detection (LLD) -- 8.6 Calibration -- 8.6.1 Other calibration strategies mentioned in literature -- 8.7 Summary -- References -- 9. Neutron Activation Analysis of the Rare Earth Elements (REE) - With Emphasis on Geological Materials -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Principles of neutron activation: activation equation, cross sections -- 9.3 Equipment -- 9.3.1 Neutron sources -- 9.3.2 The counting system -- 9.4 Practical considerations -- 9.4.1 Instrumental versus radiochemical NAA -- 9.4.2 Samples and standards -- 9.4.3 Counting strategies -- 9.4.4 Radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) - a fast separation scheme -- 9.4.5 Data reduction and sources of error -- 9.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10. Automated Quantitative Rare Earth Elements Mineralogy by Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Quantitative mineralogy -- 10.3 Scanning electron microscopy -- 10.4 SEM-based automated quantitative mineralogy -- 10.4.1 Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electron Microscopy -- 10.4.2 Mineral Liberation Analyser -- 10.4.3 Tescan-Integrated Mineral Analyser -- 10.4.4 ZEISS Mineralogic Mining -- 10.5 Quantitative REE mineralogy -- 10.6 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11. Novel Applications of Lanthanoides as Analytical or Diagnostic Tools in the Life Sciences by ICP-MS-based Techniques -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Bio-conjugation of biomolecules -- 11.2.1 Fundamentals -- 11.2.2 Bio-conjugation of antibodies -- 11.3 Applications -- 11.3.1 Development of identification and quantification strategies for DNA, peptides and proteins in mass spectrometry. , 11.3.2 Analytical and diagnostic applications of lanthanoides -- 11.4 Outlook -- References -- 12. Lanthanoides in Glass and Glass Ceramics -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Literature survey of rare earth chemical analysis in glass -- 12.2.1 Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) -- 12.2.2 Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (LA-ICP-AES) -- 12.2.3 ICP-MS analysis of solutions -- 12.2.4 X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) -- 12.3 Analytical methods for the determination of main components of glass (except lanthanoides) -- 12.4 Preparation of sample solutions for glass analysis by ICP-OES -- 12.4.1 Hydrofluoric acid digestion -- 12.4.2 Melt digestion -- 12.5 ICP-OES analysis of rare earth elements -- 12.6 Analysis of special optical glass -- 12.7 Analysis of glass by topochemical analysis -- References -- 13. Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Rock and Mineral Samples by ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Technical development -- 13.3 Physical and chemical effects on concentration and isotope ratio determination -- 13.4 Determination of REE concentrations -- 13.4.1 Sample preparation -- 13.4.2 Quantification -- 13.5 Determination of isotope ratios by multi-collector (MC)-ICP-MS -- 13.5.1 Solution-MC-ICP-MS -- 13.5.2 LA-MC-ICP-MS -- 13.6 Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 14. Recycling of Rare Earth Elements -- 14.1 Recycling of rare earth elements -- 14.2 Recycling from fluorescent lamp scraps -- 14.2.1 Starting material -- 14.2.2 Solid-state chlorination -- 14.2.3 Optimization of the solid-state chlorination -- 14.2.4 Recycling process -- 14.2.5 Summary -- 14.3 RE metal recycling from Fe14Nd2Bmagnets -- 14.3.1 Starting material -- 14.3.2 Preliminary tests -- 14.3.3 Optimization of the solid-state chlorination -- 14.3.4 Recycling process -- 14.3.5 Summary. , References.

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Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 033R129C , Verbundnummer 01160944 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden