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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-01
    Description: This paper describes the probabilistic assessment of seismic hazard (PSHA) of Italy in view of the building codes from 2003 to 2009. A code was issued in 2003 as a Prime Minister Ordinance, requiring that a PSHA for updating the seismic zoning would be performed in one year, in terms of horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years on hard ground. For the first time in Italy, a working group, established by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, adopted a logic-tree approach to model the epistemic uncertainty in the completeness of the earthquake catalog, the assessment of the seismicity rates and Mmax, and the ground-motion prediction equations. The seismic hazard has been computed over a grid of more than 16,000 points for the median value (fiftieth percentile) and the eighty-fourth and sixteenth percentiles of the 16 branches of the logic tree. Using the same input model, PGA values and spectral accelerations for 10 spectral periods were computed for nine different probabilities of exceedance in 50 years. This wealth of data made it possible to base the design spectra of a new building code on point hazard data instead of being related to just four zones. The 2009 Mw 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake has led many to attempt to test the reliability of this study. In this paper, we analyze suggestions coming from that event and conclude that significant changes to the design spectra are not to be recommended based just on evidence from the L'Aquila earthquake.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: probably confirm this opinion, with qualifica ons. Historical earthquake catalogues, up to CPTI11 [Rovida et al., 2011], report only one Mw 5.1 event on 13 November 1948: it was located in the Sardinian Sea, and had very modest effects on land. In later decades, the seismic networks did record very few earthquakes of moderate energy (Mw 〈5), mostly located off-shore, either south-east of Cagliari or west of Olbia or in the Sea of Sardinia. The most recent ones (occurred in 2000, 2004 and 2006) had very slight effects on the island. Given the low level of instrumental seismicity and the weak macroseismic effects of known historical earthquakes, Sardinia's seismic risk is perceived as very low. The low seismicity of the region certainly has a geological explana on, given that the Corsica-Sardinia block is among the most stable areas of the Mediterranean basin. “Low”, however, does not mean “non- existent”: recent historical research has improved knowledge on the major known historical earthquake of Sardinia (it occurred on June 4, 1616 and was responsible for minor but widespread damage to the system of coastal watchtowers, south-west of Cagliari) and rediscovered several minor earthquakes, part of which were known to the seismological tradi on but had been almost completely forgo en. This paper collects all the documenta on available at present on the seismic history of Sardinia.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-160
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Sardinia ; Seismicity ; Seismic history ; Historical Earthquakes ; Historical seismology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-01-18
    Description: The aim of this paper is to identify the ground motion models (GMMs), applicable in active shallow crustal regions (ASCRs) and subduction zones (SZs), to be used for the new release of the seismic hazard model of Italy (MPS19) for peak ground acceleration and 12 ordinates of the acceleration response spectra (5% damping) in the period range 0.05–4 s. The steps to achieve such goal are: (1) a pre-selection of the GMMs that takes into account the suitability for the application to the Italian territory and the fulfillment of the new hazard model requirements; (2) the assessment of a proper scoring of the pre-selected GMMs using strong-motion data recorded in Italy; (3) the selection of the GMMs to be used in the hazard calculation. The final set of GMMs describes satisfactorily the epistemic uncertainty of the ground shaking process, privileging the simplicity and flexibility of the functional form. Finally, the weights of the selected GMMs are assigned combining the results of the scoring and the weights obtained through an experts’ elicitation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3487–3516
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-03-08
    Description: The NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (NEAMTHM18) is a probabilistic hazard model for tsunamis generated by earthquakes. It covers the coastlines of the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and connected seas (NEAM). NEAMTHM18 was designed as a three-phase project. The first two phases were dedicated to the model development and hazard calculations, following a formalized decision-making process based on a multiple-expert protocol. The third phase was dedicated to documentation and dissemination. The hazard assessment workflow was structured in Steps and Levels. There are four Steps: Step-1) probabilistic earthquake model; Step-2) tsunami generation and modeling in deep water; Step-3) shoaling and inundation; Step-4) hazard aggregation and uncertainty quantification. Each Step includes a different number of Levels. Level-0 always describes the input data; the other Levels describe the intermediate results needed to proceed from one Step to another. Alternative datasets and models were considered in the implementation. The epistemic hazard uncertainty was quantified through an ensemble modeling technique accounting for alternative models’ weights and yielding a distribution of hazard curves represented by the mean and various percentiles. Hazard curves were calculated at 2,343 Points of Interest (POI) distributed at an average spacing of ∼20 km. Precalculated probability maps for five maximum inundation heights (MIH) and hazard intensity maps for five average return periods (ARP) were produced from hazard curves. In the entire NEAM Region, MIHs of several meters are rare but not impossible. Considering a 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years (ARP≈2,475 years), the POIs with MIH 〉5 m are fewer than 1% and are all in the Mediterranean on Libya, Egypt, Cyprus, and Greece coasts. In the North-East Atlantic, POIs with MIH 〉3 m are on the coasts of Mauritania and Gulf of Cadiz. Overall, 30% of the POIs have MIH 〉1 m. NEAMTHM18 results and documentation are available through the TSUMAPS-NEAM project website (http://www.tsumaps-neam.eu/), featuring an interactive web mapper. Although the NEAMTHM18 cannot substitute in-depth analyses at local scales, it represents the first action to start local and more detailed hazard and risk assessments and contributes to designing evacuation maps for tsunami early warning.
    Description: The NEAMTHM18 was prepared in the framework of the European Project TSUMAPS-NEAM (http://www.tsumaps-neam.eu/) funded by the mechanism of the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations with grant no. ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26 (https://ec.europa.eu/echo/funding-evaluations/financing-civil-protection-europe/selected-projects/probabilistic-tsunami-hazard_en). The work by INGV authors also benefitted from funding by the INGV-DPC Agreement 2012-2021 (Annex B2).
    Description: Published
    Description: 616594
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto
    Description: 3SR TERREMOTI - Attività dei Centri
    Description: 5SR TERREMOTI - Convenzioni derivanti dall'Accordo Quadro decennale INGV-DPC
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment ; earthquake-generated tsunami ; hazard uncertainty analysis ; ensemble modeling ; maximum inundation height ; NEAM ; 05.08. Risk ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-04-13
    Description: We describe the main structure and outcomes of the new probabilistic seismic hazard model for Italy, MPS19 [Modello di Pericolosità Sismica, 2019]. Besides to outline the probabilistic framework adopted, the multitude of new data that have been made available after the preparation of the previous MPS04, and the set of earthquake rate and ground motion models used, we give particular emphasis to the main novelties of the modeling and the MPS19 outcomes. Specifically, we (i) introduce a novel approach to estimate and to visualize the epistemic uncertainty over the whole country; (ii) assign weights to each model components (earthquake rate and ground motion models) according to a quantitative testing phase and structured experts’ elicitation sessions; (iii) test (retrospectively) the MPS19 outcomes with the horizontal peak ground acceleration observed in the last decades, and the macroseismic intensities of the last centuries; (iv) introduce a pioneering approach to build MPS19_cluster, which accounts for the effect of earthquakes that have been removed by declustering. Finally, to make the interpretation of MPS19 outcomes easier for a wide range of possible stakeholders, we represent the final result also in terms of probability to exceed 0.15 g in 50 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: SE112
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-03-10
    Description: In popular opinion, Sardinia is the only nonseismic region of Italy. Most researchers are likely to agree, up to a point. Geology-wise, the Sardinia–Corsica block is among the stablest areas of the Mediterranean. History-wise, up to 2011, only one Mw 5.1 event located offshore Sardinia was listed by Italian seismic catalogs (13 November 1948). Seismic networks record only a few, low energy (Mw 〈 5) events, mostly located off- shore and with little or no effects on land. Seismic hazard in Sardinia is very low. “Low,” yes, but not “totally lacking.” We present the results of a recent reappraisal of Sardinian seismicity. We gathered information on three major earthquakes (1616, 1771, and the 1948–1949 sequence). Another sequence (January–March 1901) was re-evalu- ated, identifying its previously unknown main event. It was confirmed that some earth- quakes (1870, 1906, 1922, and 1924) had low magnitudes and scarce to nil macroseismic effects, whereas some other turned out either very doubtful or wholly fictitious (1835, 1838, 1855, and 1898). The seismic hazard of Sardinia can now be reassessed on a sounder basis than before. We hope that our work will help the people of Sardinia to improve their awareness of living in a seismic land, if with a low level of seismicity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1148–1158
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Sardinia ; Historical earthquakes ; Seismic history
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-09-01
    Description: Seismic hazard modeling is a multidisciplinary science that aims to forecast earthquake occurrence and its resultant ground shaking. Such models consist of a probabilistic framework that quantifies uncertainty across a complex system; typically, this includes at least two model components developed from Earth science: seismic source and ground motion models. Although there is no scientific prescription for the forecast length, the most common probabilistic seismic hazard analyses consider forecasting windows of 30 to 50 years, which are typically an engineering demand for building code purposes. These types of analyses are the topic of this review paper. Although the core methods and assumptions of seismic hazard modeling have largely remained unchanged for more than 50 years, we review the most recent initiatives, which face the difficult task of meeting both the increasingly sophisticated demands of society and keeping pace with advances in scientific understanding. A need for more accurate and spatially precise hazard forecasting must be balanced with increased quantification of uncertainty and new challenges such as moving from time‐independent hazard to forecasts that are time dependent and specific to the time period of interest. Meeting these challenges requires the development of science‐driven models, which integrate all information available, the adoption of proper mathematical frameworks to quantify the different types of uncertainties in the hazard model, and the development of a proper testing phase of the model to quantify its consistency and skill. We review the state of the art of the National Seismic Hazard Modeling and how the most innovative approaches try to address future challenges.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2019RG000653
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: Tectonic styles and distributions of nodal planes are an essential input for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. As a part of a recent elaboration of a new seismic hazard model for Italy, we adopted a cascade criteria approach to parametrize the tectonic style of expected earthquake ruptures and their uncertainty in an area-based seismicity model. Using available or recomputed seismic moment tensors for relevant seismic events (Mw starting from 4.5), first arrival focal mechanisms for less recent earthquakes, and also geological data on past activated faults, we collected a database for the last ~ 100 yrs gathering a thousand of data all over the Italian peninsula and regions around it. The adopted procedure consists, in each seismic zone, of separating the available seismic moment tensors in the three main tectonic styles, making summation within each group, identifying possible nodal plane(s) taking into account the different percentages of tectonic styles and including, where necessary, total or partial random source contributions. Referring to the used area source model, for several seismic zones we obtained robust results, e.g. along the southern Apennines we expect future earthquakes to be mostly extensional, although in the outer part of the chain strike-slip events are possible. In the Northern part of the Apennines we also expect different tectonic styles for different hypocentral depths. In zones characterized by a low seismic moment release, the possible tectonic style of future earthquakes is less clear and it has been represented using different combination (total or partial) of random sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3577–3592
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-01-20
    Description: During the process for assessing seismic hazard there are some recurring operations which can be automated, which are about analysing the input data elements. The recurring operations are based on standard procedures and well known algorithms, and are performed a number of times in the range of tens, or even hundreds. It is therefore important to guarantee the correctness of the elaborations, and to reduce the human intervention which is always a potential source of errors. Specifically, we identified the following operations to be automated: the declustering of a catalog, the estimate of the catalogue completeness, the estimation of seismicity rates of source areas according to the Gutenberg-Richter distribution (G-R; [Gutenberg & Richter, 1944]). To perform the above operations, we developed a web application, AutoRate. The application allows to use databases (including geographical databases) shared between the users, to have the code always updated and available to all the users, to use shared dedicated resources to perform the elaborations removing the load on personal computers. The application offers the users to choose different approaches for each operation; additionally, it is explicitly designed to host new approaches. The output format of each type of operation is independent from the selected algorithm. Each output format is designed to allow a rapid and simple comparison and to be immediately usable as input for the computation of the seismic hazard.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-28
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Seismic hazard ; pericolosità sismica ; computational hazard code ; Codice di calcolo della pericolosità ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-01-15
    Description: Questa iniziativa è stata rivolta a soddisfare l'esigenza di una mappa di pericolosità sismica di riferimento per l'individuazione delle zone sismiche, formulata dall'ordinanza PCM 20 marzo 2003 n.3274, All.l, che ne fissa criteri e scadenza (aprile 2004). In particolare, l'istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, raccogliendo l'auspicio della Commissione Grandi Rischi del Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, ha promosso nel luglio 2003 la redazione della mappa coinvolgendo nella sua redazione esperti del mondo scientifico oltre che propri ricercatori, consegnando una prima versione in tempi molto brevi (novembre 2003). Pur condizionata in modo significativo dalla scadenza, questa ricerca ha utilizzato e elaborato un gran numero di dati e conoscenze prodotti di recente. In particolare: i) è stata elaborata una nuova zonazione sismogenetica, denominata ZS9, a partire da un sostanziale ripensamento della precedente zonazione ZS4 (Meletti et al., 2000) alla luce delle evidenze di tettonica attiva e delle valutazioni sul potenziale sismogenetico acquisite negli ultimi anni. ZS9 è corredata, per ogni ZS, da un meccanismo focale prevalente e da un valore di profondità, determinati nella prospettiva di utilizzo con le relazioni di attenuazione descritte più sotto; ii) è stata prodotta una versione aggiornata del catalogo CPTI (Gdl CPTI, 1999), detta CPTI2, mediante: i) la revisione dei parametri dei terremoti della zona etnea; ii) la determinazione di valori di Mw e ML per tutti gli eventi; iii) la ricompilazione ex-novo della porzione 1981-1992 e la sua estensione al 2002, utilizzando gli studi macrosismici e strumentali resi disponibili a partire dal 1999; iii) sono state verificate alla luce dei dati dei terremoti più recenti le relazioni di attenuazione di amax definite a scala nazionale e europea, utilizzando distanze epicentrali calcolate in modo appropriato e le modifiche per i meccanismi focali prevalenti introdotte da Bommer et al. (2003). Inoltre, a partire da leggi di scala ricavate da dati strong- e weak-motion, sono state calibrate tre relazioni di attenuazione regionali, valide per tre macrozone; con approccio analogo è stata sviluppata una nuova relazione utilizzabili per le zone vulcaniche. iv) sono stati determinati, con approcci storici e statistici, due insiemi di intervalli di completezza dei dati del catalogo CPTI2. Secondo i criteri in uso nell'ambito scientifico internazionale, le procedure adottate per la compilazione della prima versione della mappa di amax con probabilità di superamento del 10% in 50 anni (Gruppo di Coordinamento, 2003) sono state sottoposte alla revisione di un gruppo di esperti di area europea, che ha fornito valutazioni e suggerimenti in modo sia collegiale che individuale. Conseguentemente, dati di ingresso e procedure sono stati migliorati in accordo con tali indicazioni. La mappa definitiva, presentata nella pagina successiva e descritta nel seguito, è stata ottenuta come mediana di 16 mappe corrispondenti ad altrettanti rami di un albero logico. Ciascun ramo, cui viene attribuito un peso, esplora alternative riguardanti: i) le modalità di valutazione della completezza del catalogo; ii) le modalità di determinazione dei tassi di sismicità; iii) le relazioni di attenuazione del moto del suolo. La mappa è corredata da una misura dell'incertezza, espressa in termini di distribuzione dei valori dell'84mo percentile relativi al campione delle 16 mappe.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Description: Published
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Keywords: seismic hazard ; pericolosità sismica ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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