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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford :Oxford University Press, Incorporated,
    Keywords: Anxiety -- Physiological aspects. ; Neuropsychology. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: The Neuropsychology of Anxiety first appeared in 1982 as the first volume in the Oxford Psychology Series, and quickly established itself as the definitive work on the subject. In the many years since the 1st edition, significant advances have been made in the study of anxiety, and much evidence obtained supporting the original theory. The new edition has been extensively revised, considering these recent advances, and laying down the foundations for futureresearch.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (443 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9780191545634
    Series Statement: Oxford Psychology Series ; v.33
    DDC: 616.8/5223/07
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- 1 OVERVIEW -- Starting points for the neuropsychology of anxiety -- Fear versus anxiety -- The hierarchical defence system -- The amygdala -- The septo-hippocampal system -- What is the septo-hippocampal system? -- What does the septo-hippocampal system do? -- A common computational core for septo-hippocampal function-Mark 1 -- A common computational core for septo-hippocampal function-Mark 2 -- The role of other brain regions -- Conclusion -- 2 ETHOLOGY AND ANXIETY -- Ethoexperimental analysis -- Ethopharmacological analysis -- The ethology and ethopharmacology of anxiety and fear -- Some terminological problems -- 3 LEARNING THEORY AND ANXIETY -- Two-process theories of learning -- Elicited reactions in learning experiments -- The behavioural inhibition system revisited -- Conclusions -- 4 THE ANXIOLYTIC DRUGS -- What are the anxiolytic drugs? -- Clinical usage -- The classical anxiolytics -- Buspirone, ipsapirone -- Clomipramine and obsessive-compulsive disorder -- Beta-blockers -- Clinical actions of the anxiolytics-a summary -- Bridging the species gap -- The behavioural effects of anxiolytic drugs in animals -- Anxiolytic action-some conclusions -- 5 A THEORY OF THE BEHAVIOURAL INHIBITION SYSTEM -- Evolution, anxiety, and rules of thumb-the search for the behavioural inhibition system -- Behavioural inhibition and rules of thumb -- 6 THE NEUROLOGY OF ANXIETY -- The periaqueductal grey, fight, flight, and freezing -- The medial hypothalamus and escape -- The amygdala -- The defence system-integration -- Interim conclusions -- Comparison between the septal, hippocampal, and anxiolytic syndromes -- The effects of lesions of the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems -- The cholinergic system -- The prefrontal cortex and cingulate cortex -- The prefrontal cortex -- The cingulate cortex. , Overview of prefrontal and cingulate cortex -- Prefrontal and cingulate cortex and anxiety -- Conclusions -- 7 HIPPOCAMPAL PLACE FIELDS -- Single-unit responses: non-spatial tasks -- Single-unit responses: correlations with spatial position -- The relation between spatial fields and head direction fields -- Space, discrimination, classical conditioning, and habituation -- Path integration -- Topographic mapping of single cell fields -- Conclusion -- 8 MEMORY AND THE SEPTO-HIPPOCAMPAL SYSTEM -- Human versus animal amnesia -- The hippocampus as the crucial site for amnesic deficits -- Types of memory -- The effects of delay -- The role of context -- A preliminary theory of hippocampal amnesia -- Relational memory -- Configural memory -- Semantic encoding -- Recognition memory -- Working memory -- Temporal buffer -- Spatial memory -- Interference: some Initial comments -- The role of the hippocampal formation in memory -- 9 FUNDAMENTALS OF THE SEPTO-HIPPOCAMPAL SYSTEM -- Anxiolytics and the septo-hippocampal system-an overview -- The defence system -- The motor/working memory system -- The 'emotion' system -- General approach to the septo-hippocampal system -- The anatomy of the septo-hippocampal system -- Long-term memory -- Role of the septo-hippocampal system in sensory processing -- The mismatch detection system -- Aminergic gating systems -- Theta activity -- Conclusion -- 10 A THEORY OF THE SEPTO-HIPPOCAMPAL SYSTEM -- The theory: some basic assumptions -- The theory: architecture -- The theory: mechanism -- Some scenarios -- The theta rhythm -- Conclusion -- 11 SYMPTOMS AND SYNDROMES OF ANXIETY -- Cognitive effects of anxiolytic drugs -- Anxiolytic action and the amygdala -- Humpty Dumpty had a great fall -- Anxiolytic action and the neocorte -- The clinical psychology of anxiety -- Behavioural aspects of anxiety syndromes. , Cognitive aspects of anxiety syndromes -- Physiological aspects of anxiety syndromes -- The theory of anxiety -- Clinical anxiety and memory -- A functional typology for defence -- Panic disorder -- Specific phobia -- Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Agoraphobia -- Social phobia -- Generalized anxiety disorder -- Obsessive-compulsive disorder -- A typology of the anxiety-related disorders -- Differential diagnosis -- Conclusion -- 12 PUTTING HUMPTY DUMPTY TOGETHER AGAIN: THE ANXIOUS PERSONALITY AND ITS INHERITANCE -- The anxious personality -- Neuroticism vs. trait anxiety -- The genetics of neuroticism and emotionality -- 13 THE TREATMENT OF ANXIETY -- Behaviour therapy -- Drug therapy -- Cognitive-behavioural therapy -- Coda -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Y.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Manchester : Manchester University Press
    Keywords: Great Britain -- Economic conditions -- 20th century ; Great Britain -- Politics and government -- 1945- ; Great Britain -- Social conditions -- 1945- ; Great Britain ; Economic conditions ; 20th century ; Great Britain ; Politics and government ; 1945- ; Great Britain ; Social conditions ; 1945- ; Electronic books ; Great Britain Social conditions 1945- ; Great Britain Economic conditions 20th century ; Great Britain Politics and government 1945-
    Description / Table of Contents: This text examines all the important issues in British politics since 1945, including a guide to the changing political culture of Britain in that period. It should prove valuable to students studying politics at A2 level, as it covers all the important issues required by the main examining boards.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (284 pages)
    ISBN: 9781847790378
    DDC: 320/.6/0941
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The medial supramammillary nucleus (mSUM) controls the frequency of hippocampal theta activity, completely in anaethsetized rats and partially in free-moving rats. mSUM could therefore influence hippocampal contributions to cognition and emotion. Using chemical lesions of mSUM in rats, we tested whether mSUM is involved in controlling several hippocampal-dependent functions: (i) defensive behaviour (open field, fear conditioning); (ii) behavioural inhibition (fixed interval schedule, differential reinforcement of low rates schedule); and (iii) spatial learning (water maze). Theta frequency was measured in all these tasks. mSUM lesions produced a pattern of changes in motivated/emotional behaviours (hyperactivity in defensive and operant tasks) similar to the pattern produced by hippocampal lesions, but had no significant effect on spatial learning. mSUM lesion decreased theta frequency modestly (by ≈ 0.4 Hz) in behaving rats if the amount of movement was unchanged. There was not always a parallel between changes in theta frequency and behaviour; behaviours changed despite unchanged theta in defensive tasks and learning changed little despite a lower frequency of theta in the water maze task. This suggests that mSUM function impacts on emotional behaviour more than cognition, and can modulate theta and behaviour independently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature medicine 5 (1999), S. 1131-1132 
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] A partial impairment of GABAA receptor function in mice causes behavioral changes that resemble generalized anxiety disorder in humans. But understanding the genetic control of the 'neurotic' personality is still a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: GABAergic hypothesis of anxiolytic action ; Muscimol ; Baclofen ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Picrotoxin ; Bicuculline ; Spontaneous alternation ; Response to stimulus change ; Exploration ; Novelty ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two methods were used to test rats' responses to novelty in the T-maze: (1) a test of spontaneous alternation allowing separate measurement of place and body turn alternation; and (2) a test of entry into an arm of changed brightness (“response to stimulus change”). Chlordiazepoxide reduced spontaneous alternation by specifically weakening body turn alternation and eliminated the response to stimulus change. These findings are similar to those previously reported for the barbiturate sodium amylobarbitone. The same pattern of change in the two tests was seen after a low dose of the GABAA agonist muscimol (0.00125 mg/kg); when the dose of muscimol was raised (0.01 and 0.25 mg/kg), place alternation was also reduced. Picrotoxin but not bicuculline (both GABAA blockers) reversed the effects of muscimol and partially those of chlordiazepoxide on the response to stimulus change; in the spontaneous alternation test picrotoxin only marginally affected the response to 0.25 mg/kg muscimol and actually enhanced the effect of 0.000125 mg/kg. The GABAB agonist baclofen (1 mg/kg) acted in the test of response to stimulus change like chlordiazepoxide and muscimol; however, when baclofen was combined with muscimol, the two drugs tended to show mutual blocking. These results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that GABAergic mechanisms play a role in anxiolytic behavioural activity, but many details are difficult to explain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Tricyclic antidepressants ; Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ; Hippocampus ; Rhythmic slow activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In free-moving male rats, the function relating frequency to the threshold current required to drive hippocampal rhythmical slow activity (RSA) with septal stimulation has a minimum at 130 ms. Both classical anxiolytics (e.g. benzodiazepines) and the novel anxiolytic buspirone show similar effects on septal driving of RSA. The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine may be as effective as anxiolytic drugs in treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. The antidepressant monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine has also been reported to be effective in treating anxiety, but this may reflect an action on “atypical depression” rather than “anxiety”. The present study therefore compared the effects of acute administration of imipramine and phenelzine on septal driving of RSA to determine whether either would mimic anxiolytics in this test. Rats were chronically implanted with septal stimulating electrodes and subicular recording electrodes. Three groups of rats received IP injection of either imipramine (5.9–13.3 mg/kg or 13.3–30 mg/kg) or phenelzine (0.2–5.4 mg/kg). The effects produced by imipramine were very similar to the effects produced by anxiolytic drugs. In contrast, the effects produced by phenelzine were essentially opposite to those of both anxiolytic drugs and imipramine. The present experiment suggests that imipramine may act as a true anxiolytic, in addition to its conventional antidepressant properties. In contrast, phenelzine may be effective in cases where the etiology is essentially that of depression even when the symptomatology appears to be that of anxiety.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 105 (1991), S. 433-438 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Imipramine ; Rat ; Reticular-elicited hippocampal rhythmical slow activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract All anxiolytics so far tested show a common reduction in the frequency of reticular-elicited hippocampal rhythmical slow activity (RSA). The present experiments tested whether imipramine, an antidepressant drug which has also been used to treat generalized anxiety disorders, shares the common characteristics of anxiolytics on hippocampal RSA. Rats implanted with reticular stimulating electrodes and subicular recording electrodes received both acute and chronic injection of different doses of imipramine. Only relatively high doses (20 and 30 mg/kg, IP) of imipramine produced a reduction in RSA frequency after a single administration. Long-term administration of 20 mg/kg (but not 10 mg/kg, IP) imipramine induced anincrease in baseline RSA frequency but there was no change in the acute frequency-reducing effect of the drug. These results suggest that changes in hippocampal RSA reflect different mechanisms of action for chronic versus acute treatment with antidepressant. It is possible that, at high doses, apparently anxiolytic effects of imipramine may be mediated by similar mechanisms to conventional anxiolytic drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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