Keywords:
Environmental chemistry.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (870 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780080929156
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=1190981
DDC:
551.48
Language:
English
Note:
Front Cover -- Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Dedication -- About the Editors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Contributors -- PART I: BASIC PRINCIPLES -- Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Small Catchment Hydrology -- 1.1 Introduction to Small Catchments -- 1.2 The Catchment Water Balance -- 1.3 Questions of Spatial and Temporal Scale in Catchment Hydrology -- 1.4 Use of Isotopes in Catchment Research -- 1.5 New Research Directions -- 1.6 Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Isotope Geochemistry -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Fundamentals of Isotope Geochemistry -- 2.3 Stable Isotope Fractionation -- 2.4 Sample Collection, Analysis, and Quality Assurance -- 2.5 Applications of Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology -- 2.6 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- PART II: PROCESSES AFFECTING ISOTOPIC COMPOSITIONS -- Chapter 3. Isotopic Variations in Precipitation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Natural Fractionation of Isotopes in Precipitation -- 3.3 Systematics of Isotope Variations in Precipitation -- 3.4 Mesoscale Circulation and Storm Trajectories -- 3.5 Tritium -- 3.6 Implications for Catchment Basin Research -- 3.7 Summary -- 3.8 References -- Chapter 4. Isotopic Fractionation in Snow Cover -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Isotopic Changes to a Snowpack -- 4.3 Future Directions for Research -- Acknowledgments -- Note Added in Proof -- References -- Chapter 5. Isotopic Exchange in Soil Water -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Processes Leading to Soil Water Concentration Variations: Meteorological Inputs -- 5.3 Processes Leading to Soil Water Concentration Variations: Evaporation -- 5.4 New Research Directions -- 5.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6. Plants, Isotopes and Water Use: A Catchment-Scale Perspective -- 6.1 Introduction.
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6.2 Water Uptake and Water Transport in Plants -- 6.3 Stomatal Regulation of Water Movement in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum -- 6.4 Water Sources and Water Use by Plants: Case Studies Using Stable Isotopes -- 6.5 Current Issues Involving Plants and Catchment-Scale Hydrologie Processes -- 6.6 Long-term Record of Water Use by Plants -- 6.7 Merging the Study of Stable Isotopes in Water with Studies of Water Uptake and Water Use in Plants and the Hydrology of Catchments -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7. Isotopes in Groundwater Hydrology -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Isotopic Variations in Waters Recharging the Aquifers -- 7.3 Isotopic Effects in the Unsaturated Zone -- 7.4 Shallow Aquifers -- 7.5 Deep Groundwater -- 7.6 Groundwater Studies in Catchments -- References -- Chapter 8. Lithogenic and Cosmogenic Tracers in Catchment Hydrology -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Processes that Affect Lithogenic and Cosmogenic Isotopic Compositions in Hydrologie Systems -- 8.3 The Application of Lithogenic and Cosmogenic Nuclides to Catchment Hydrology -- 8.4 New Directions in Lithogenic and Cosmogenic Nuclides -- 8.5 Lithogenic and Cosmogenic Tracers in Catchment Hydrology: Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 9. Dissolved Gases in Subsurface Hydrology -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Occurrence and Transport of Dissolved Gases -- 9.3 Shallow Groundwater Dating -- 9.4 Groundwater Surface-Water Interactions -- 9.5 Injected Dissolved Gas Tracers -- 9.6 Future Directions -- References -- PART III: CASE STUDIES IN ISOTOPE HYDROLOGY -- Chapter 10. Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes in Rainfall-Runoff Studies -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Hydrograph Separation -- 10.3 New Directions -- 10.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References.
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Chapter 11. High Rainfall, Response-Dominated Catchments: A Comparative Study of Experiments in Tropical Northeast Queensland with Temperate New Zealand -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Previous Studies in High Rainfall, Response - Dominated Catchments -- 11.3 Physical Background -- 11.4 Experimental Methods -- 11.5 Results: Event of February 16,1991 -- 11.6 Stream Hydrograph Analysis and Isotopic Response -- 11.7 How High Rainfall Catchments Work -- 11.8 Future Research Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12. Snow melt-Dominated Systems -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Hydrograph Separation Studies -- 12.3 Vertical Unsaturated Flow -- 12.4 Conclusions and Future Research Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13. Arid Catchments -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The Use of Isotopes in Arid Catchment Studies -- 13.3 Sampling -- 13.4 Non-Traditional Techniques -- 13.5 Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 14. Groundwater and Surface-Water Interactions in Riparian and Lake-Dominated Systems -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Previous Studies in Lake Systems -- 14.3 Estimating Groundwater Exchange with Lakes -- 14.4 Wisconsin WEBB Case Study -- 14.5 Concluding Remarks -- References -- PART IV: CASE STUDIES IN ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY -- Chapter 15. Use of Stable Isotopes in Evaluating Sulfur Biogeochemistry of Forest Ecosystems -- 15.1 Introduction: Forest Fcosystem Sulfur Dynamics -- 15.2 Controls on Sulfur Isotope Composition -- 15.3 Natural Abundance Studies -- 15.4 Applied Tracer Studies -- 15.5 New Research Directions -- 15.6 Summary -- References -- Chapter 16. Tracing Nitrogen Sources and Cycling in Catchments -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 The Nitrogen Cycle -- 16.3 ä15N Values of Nitrogen Sources and Reservoirs -- 16.4 ä180 Values of Nitrate Sources and Reservoirs -- 16.5 Tracing Sources and Cycling of Nitrate.
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16.6 Application Studies -- 16.7 New Frontiers -- 16.8 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17. Carbon Cycling in Terrestrial Environments -- 17.1 Introduction -- 17.2 Carbon Isotopes and Terminology -- 17.3 Carbon Dynamics in Soils -- 17.4 Isotope Studies of Dissolved Organic Matter in Groundwater -- 17.5 Isotope Study of DOC in Lacustrine Environments -- 17.6 Isotope Studies and the Carbon Budget -- References -- Chapter 18. Tracing of Weathering Reactions and Water Flowpaths: A Multi-isotope Approach -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 Influences on Isotopic Composition of Sr, Pb and C in Catchment Waters -- 18.3 Multi-isotope Studies at Selected Watersheds -- 18.4 Additional Solute Isotope Tracers: Li, B, Fe -- 18.5 Summary -- References -- Chapter 19. Erosion, Weathering, and Sedimentation -- 19.1 Introduction -- 19.2 In Situ Produced Cosmogenic Nuclides -- 19.3 Atmospheric Nuclides: 210Pb -- 19.4 Combined Approaches to Catchment Landscape Analysis: 137Cs and 210Pb -- 19.5 Tracing of Sediment Sources and Identification of Erosion Processes Using Natural and Anthropogenic Radionuclides -- 19.6 Sr and Weathering -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 20. Applications of Uranium- and Thorium-Series Radionuclides in Catchment Hydrology Studies -- 20.1 Introduction -- 20.2 Review of Fundamental Concepts -- 20.3 Radon Techniques in Catchment Hydrology -- 20.4 Radium Isotopic Techniques in Catchment Hydrology -- 20.5 New Research Directions -- References -- PART V: SYNTHESIS -- Chapter 21. Modeling of Isotope and Hydrogeochemical Responses in Catchment Hydrology -- 21.1 Introduction -- 21.2 Limitations of the Mass Balance Hydrograph Separation Approach -- 21.3 Estimation of Transit Times - System Response Functions of Catchments -- 21.4 Comparisons of Models of Isotopic and Chemical Hydrograph Separation -- 21.5 New Research Directions.
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References -- Chapter 22. Isotopes as Indicators of Environmental Change -- 22.1 Introduction -- 22.2 Recent Environmental Change Indicators -- 22.3 Paleo-Climatic Indicators -- 22.4 New Research Directions -- 22.5 Summary -- References -- INDEX.
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