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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the barrier function in a reconstituted human epidermis cultivated in chemically defined medium (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 24 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of the study was to characterize and assess the maturation process of the barrier function in a reconstituted human epidermis (REp) cultivated in a chemically defined medium. For this purpose histo-morphological analysis, percutaneous absorption studies and non-invasive measurements were performed. In order to understand the time course of the barrier development, REp cultivated from the same pool of normal human keratinocytes were harvested and measured after several increasing periods of exposure at the air–liquid interface. From these results we concluded that a maturation period of at least 16 days at the air–liquid interface was required for an optimal barrier function development of REp. At this time point, the permeability of the skin cultures for caffeine (CAF) was 20–25-fold higher than that of normal human skin (NHS) biopsies. Non-invasive measurements of skin water content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and pH were achieved after the same period of time. Results showed that the stratum corneum (SC) of REp was slightly more hydrated than that of ex vivo and in vivo, human skin. TEWL was slightly higher through REp than through NHS, and the pH of the REp models was very close to that of in vivo, normal human skin. In the latter part, assuming that this type of model could be routinely used, we quantified over a 1-year period the barrier function variability of this skin culture model between batches. The satisfactory results obtained with a 20% coefficient of variation indicated that this REp model has a consistent and reproducible barrier function. This leads us to suggest that the skin model might be considered an alternative membrane to normal human skin for permeation screening tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0412-5463.2001.00112.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A very promising new glucolipidic surfactant: LipowheatTM (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 27 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: LipowheatTM is an entirely biodegradable 100% natural active ingredient, extracted from non-transgenic wheat. Thanks to its very interesting properties, it can integrate the composition of most cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. The aim of this work was first to realize a large range of stable simple or multiple emulsions, in order to determine and evaluate the ability of a new glucolipidic surfactant LipowheatTM to form and stabilize emulsions. The rheological properties of these emulsions were tested during a 30-day storage period at three different storage conditions (cold, room temperature and at 40°C). In addition to dynamic and static rheological tests, droplet size distribution of the cream was also determined. Furthermore, a stable simple emulsion was selected to realize percutaneous absorption and evaluate the properties of LipowheatTM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2005.00277.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation de la barrière cutanée chez l'homme par deux méthodes non-invasives (vélocimétrie laser Doppler et chromamétrie) (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 15 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dans le cadre de travaux concernant la barrière cutanée et ses modifications, notre but a été d'évaluer objectivement, in vivo chez l'homme, la réponse pharmacologique obtenue après application topique de deux réactifs vasoactifs: le nicotinate de méthyle (NM) et le nicotinate d'hexyle (NH). Deux méthodes non-invasives ont été comparées, la vélocimétrie laser Doppler, par deux appareils: le Periflux PF2 (Perimed, Suède), et le Laser Flo BPM 403 (TSI, USA), et la chromamétrie (Chromamètre CR 200, Minolta, Japon), à l'aide de quatre paramètres: le temps de latence précédant l'apparition de la réponse, l'intensité maximale de cette réponse, le temps pour atteindre cette intensité et le pourcentage de sujets répondeurs présentant une augmentation du flux sanguin cutané et/ou une rougeur cutanée. La vélocimétrie laser Doppler pose le problème de l'effet solvant et/ou sonde, ce qui rend délicate l'interprétation des résultats. C'est pourquoi nous avons choisi la chromamétrie pour apprécier, à l'aide de vasoactifs appropriés (NM dans l'eau et NH dans divers solvants), l'état de la barrière cutanée et son évolution après agression physique par stripping d'intensité croissante.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉SynopsisWithin the framework of our research on the cutaneous barrier functions and their modifications, our objective was to estimate, in vivo in humans, the pharmacological response induced by the topical application of two vasoactive drugs: methyl nicotinate (MN) and hexyl nicotinate (HN). Two noninvasive methods were compared: laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) (with two different types of equipment: Periflux PF2™ (Perimed, Sweden) and Laser Flo BPM 403™ (TSI, USA) and chromametry (Chromameter CR 200, Minolta, Japan). Four parameters were measured and/or calculated: the lag time before the first response, the highest intensity of the response, the time to reach this intensity and the percentage of sites responding with an increase of blood flow and/or a skin redness. Laser Doppler velocimetry shows a problem with the effect of the solvent and/or probe which makes the interpretation of the results difficult. With the vasoactive drugs, MN in water and HN in various solvents, chromametry was preferred for estimating the cutaneous barrier function and its evolution after physical aggression by progressive stripping of the horny layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.1993.tb00589.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    End-tidal oxygraphy during pre-oxygenation in patients with severe diffuse emphysema (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We hypothetised that the rate of pre-oxygenation could be altered by the increase in lung volume and airflow obstruction observed in emphysema. End-tidal oxygen concentration was monitored, using a paramagnetic oxygen analyser, during 10-min pre-oxygenation (tidal breathing of 100% oxygen) in 10 normal patients and in 10 patients with severe diffuse emphysema documented by computerised tomography. Emphysema was characterised by an important increase in functional residual capacity of the lungs [190 (23)% of predicted values] and a decrease in expiratory flow. The increase in end-tidal oxygen concentration was slower in the emphysema group than in the control group (p = 0.0024). After 3 and 5 min of pre-oxygenation, the end-tidal fractional oxygen concentration was significantly lower in the emphysema group than the control group [mean (SD); value at 3 min: emphysema: 0.83 (0.06) vs. control: 0.91 (0.02), p = 0.0005]. Individual values of end-tidal oxygen concentration measured after 3, 5 and 10 min of pre-oxygenation were negatively correlated with functional residual capacity in the emphysema group, whereas no such correlation was found in the control group. These results suggest that pre-oxygenation should be monitored in patients with diffuse emphysema to ensure that adequate pre-oxygenation is achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01549.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Luminescence of heterobischelated complexes of iridium(III). I. Resolution of the multiple emissions of cis-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthrolineiridium(III) chloride (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 97 (1975), S. 6029-6036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00854a013
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro metabolism by human skin and fibroblasts of retinol, retinal and retinoic acid (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 7 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The metabolism of radio-labelled retinol, retinal and retinoic acid by fresh human skin as well as by human dermal fibroblasts have been investigated in vitro. Surgically removed human skin biopsies were placed at the air-liquid interface, and treated topically for 24 h with retinoids. At the end of the treatment period, epidermis and dermis were separated by heat. Epidermis, dermis and medium were subsequently extracted and resulting fractions were analysed by HPLC. Dermal fibroblast cultures were treated and analysed in a comparable manner. Topical application of retinoids resulted in gradient concentrations within the skin. For each fraction, metabolites and unchanged product proportions were determined by HPLC. After treatment with retinol and retinal, low but significant amounts of retinoic acid were detected in the epidermis, as well as in the dermis (30 pmol to 90 pmol). In comparison, treatments with retinoic acid itself, led to higher level of retinoic acid in the epidermis and in the dermis (respectively 2050 and 420 pmol). Cultured human dermal fibroblasts, treated with retinol and retinal, formed retinoic acid as well as several other metabolites (retinol esters, reduction of retinal to retinol…). Taken together, our results are consistent with an action of retinol or retinal on the skin via a retinoic acid formation and a metabolic function of the dermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1998.tb00299.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatty acids from 28 marine microalgae
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 34 (1993), S. 1521-1533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Fatty acids ; chemotaxonomy ; marine microalgae ; nutrition.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)90839-2
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional variations in subsidence rate of lithospheric plates: implication for thermal cooling models
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 61 (1990), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9201
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9201(90)90109-B
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipid components of the mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 34 (1993), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Posidonia oceanica ; Posidoniaceae ; alkanes. ; fatty acids ; lipid classes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9422(93)80012-H
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetylcholine biosensor involving entrapment of two enzymes. Optimization of operational and storage conditions
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 268 (1992), S. 347-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Biosensors ; Enzymatic methods
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0003-2670(92)85230-4
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