Note: Intro -- Contents -- I. Introduction and Theory -- 1. Male Aggression and Sexual Coercion of Females in Primates / Martin N. Muller, Sonya M. Kahlenberg, and Richard W.Wrangham -- 2. Evolution of Sexual Coercion with Respect to Sexual Selection and Sexual Conflict Theory / Jana J. Watson-Capps -- 3. Intersexual Conflict in Primates: Infanticide, Paternity Allocation, and the Role of Coercion / Parry Clarke, Gauri Pradhan, and Carel van Schaik -- II. Sexual Coercion and Mate Guarding in Nonhuman Primates -- 4. Orangutans: Sexual Coercion without Sexual Violence / Cheryl D. Knott -- 5. Male Aggression against Females in Mountain Gorillas: Courtship or Coercion? / Martha M. Robbins -- 6. The Causes and Consequences of Male Aggression Directed at Female Chacma Baboons / Dawn M. Kitchen et al. -- 7. Female-Directed Aggression and Social Control in Spider Monkeys / Andres Link, Anthony Di Fiore, and Stephanie N. Spehar -- 8. Male Aggression against Females and Sexual Coercion in Chimpanzees / Martin N. Muller, Sonya M. Kahlenberg, and Richard W. Wrangham -- 9. Sexual Coercion in Dolphin Consortships: A Comparison with Chimpanzees / Richard C. Connor and Nicole L. Vollmer -- 10. Male Aggression toward Females in Hamadryas Baboons: Conditioning, Coercion, and Control / Larissa Swedell and Amy Schreier -- III. Sexual Coercion and Mate Guarding in Humans -- 11. Coercive Violence by Human Males against Their Female Partners / Margo Wilson and Martin Daly -- 12. The Political Significance of Gender Violence / Lars Rodseth and Shannon A. Novak -- 13. Intimate Wounds: Craniofacial Trauma in Women and Female Chimpanzees / Shannon A. Novak and Mallorie A. Hatch -- 14. Human Rape: Revising Evolutionary Perspectives / Melissa Emery Thompson -- IV. Female Counterstrategies. , 15. "Friendship" with Males: A Female Counterstrategy to Infanticide in Chacma Baboons of the Okavango Delta / Ryne Palombit -- 16. The Absence of Sexual Coercion in Bonobos / Tommaso Paoli -- 17. Sexual Coercion, Patriarchal Violence, and Law / Diane L. Rosenfeld -- V. Summary and Conclusions -- 18. Sexual Coercion in Humans and Other Primates: The Road Ahead / Richard W. Wrangham and Martin N. Muller -- Contributors -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SITE ASSESSMENTS -- 1.2 SCOPE -- 1.3 HISTORIC BACKGROUND TO SITE ASSESSMENTS -- 1.4 OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH -- 1.4.1 Analysis of Existing Information (Phase I) -- 1.4.2 Supplemental (Phase II) Site Investigations -- 1.5 INTRODUCTION TO INTRINSIC REMEDIATION -- 1.5.1 The DNAPL Issue -- 1.5.2 Using a Toolbox Approach -- 1.6 INNOVATIVE CHARACTERIZATION TOOLS -- 1.7 COST EFFECTIVE SITE REMEDIATION -- 1.8 HANDBOOK CHAPTER CONTENTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2: PHASE I INVESTIGATIONS -- 2.1 INTRODUCTION TO PHASE I STUDIES -- 2.2 PHASE I STUDIES -- 2.2.1 Site-Specific Compliance and Owner/Operator Data -- 2.2.2 Regional Base Map -- 2.2.3 Geology/Geophysics/Ground Water -- 2.2.4 Soils -- 2.2.5 Surface Water -- 2.2.6 Climatology -- 2.2.7 Ecological Studies -- 2.2 8 Historical and Archaeological Resources -- 2.2.9 Land Use -- 2.2.10 Holocene Faulting Analysis -- 2.2.11 Basic Data Checklist -- 2.3 SITE RECONNAISSANCE -- 2.4 PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL HYDROGEOLOGIC MODEL -- 2.5 PHASE I GENERAL SITE ASSESSMENT REPORT -- 2.6 GREENFIELD SITING -- 2.6.1 Siting Criteria -- 2.6.2 Site Identification -- 2.6.3 Site Evaluation -- 2.6.4 Greenfield Field Reconnaissance -- 2.6.5 Greenfield Site Conceptualization -- 2.6.6 Fatal Flaw/Preliminary Siting Report -- 2.7 MONITORING SYSTEM EVALUATION -- 2.7.1 Reviewing the Information -- 2.7.2 Phase I Well Inventory and Field Conditions -- 2.7.3 Geophysical Data -- 2.7.4 Testing for Hydraulic Connection -- 2.7.5 Well Performance Tests -- 2.7.6 Evaluation of Existing Water Quality Data -- 2.8 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS AND PROPERTY ACQUISITION REVIEWS -- 2.8.1 Compliance Audit -- 2.8.2 Phase I Field Reconnaissance for Environmental Audits and Acquisitions -- 2.8.3 Supplemental Field Characterization for Property Acquisitions. , 2.9 ASSESSMENT MONITORING PHASE I PROGRAMS -- 2.9.1 General Superfund Procedure -- 2.9.2 Technical Approach to RCRA Site Remediation Program -- 2.9.3 Phase I Assessment Programs -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3: PHASE II SURFICAL FIELD INVESTIGATIONS -- 3.1 PHASE II COMPONENTS -- 3.1.1 Field Parameters -- 3.1.2 Field Task Components -- 3.2 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP -- 3.2.1 Site Topographic Map -- 3.2.2 Site Base Map -- 3.3 SOILS -- 3.3.1 Classification System -- 3.3.2 Soil Properties and Geology -- 3.4 GEOLOGIC MAPPING -- 3.4.1 Geological Map of the Site -- 3.4.2 Geologic Mapping Examples -- 3.4.3 Mapping Procedure -- 3.4.4 Photography as Used in Mapping -- 3.5 GEOPHYSICAL TECHNIQUES -- 3.5.1 Planning a Geophysical Survey -- 3.5.2 Geophysical Methods -- 3.5.3 Field Application of Geophysics -- 3.6 HYDROLOGY -- 3.6.1 Meteorology and Climatology -- 3.6.2 Surface-Water Hydrology -- 3.7 SURROUNDING LAND USE, WATER USE AND WATER QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS -- 3.7.1 Ground-Water Use and Quality -- 3.7.2 Surface-Water Use and Quality -- 3.7.3 Current and Future Uses of Surrounding Land -- 3.8 FIELD ECOLOGY SURVEYS -- 3.8.1 Aquatic Ecology -- 3.8.2 Terrestrial Ecology -- 3.9 HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS -- 3.10 METHODS AND TOOLS OF HOLOCENE FAULT INVESTIGATIONS -- 3.10.1 Review of Existing Data -- 3.10.2 Analysis of Aerial Photographs -- 3.10.3 Surface Geologic Reconnaissance -- 3.10.4 Subsurface Mapping -- 3.10.5 Age Determinations -- 3.10.6 Results -- 3.11 ADDITIONAL FIELD SURVEYS -- 3.11.1 Acoustics -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4: PHASE II SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATIONS -- 4.1 INTRODUCTION -- 4.2 BORING PLAN -- 4.3 SUBSURFACE METHODS -- 4.3.1 Backhoe Trial Pits -- 4.3.2 Exploratory Borings -- 4.3.3 Auger Drilling -- 4.3.4 Rotary Open Hole Drilling and Rotary Core Drilling -- 4.3.5 Inclined Drilling -- 4.3.6 Sonic Drilling -- 4.4 TEST HOLE SAMPLING. , 4.4.1 Soil Classifications -- 4.4.2 Facies Codes -- 4.4.3 The Unified Soil Classification System -- 4.5 DETERMINATION OF THE SUBSURFACE PROFILE -- 4.5.1 Handling and Labeling of Samples -- 4.5.2 Rock Coring Methods -- 4.6 LOGGING DATA FROM BOREHOLES -- 4.7 LOGGING ROCK CORE FOR ROCK QUALITY DESIGNATION (RQD) -- 4.8 BOREHOLE GEOPHYSICAL LOGS -- 4.9 FIELD IN SITU TESTS FOR PHYSICAL PARAMETERS -- 4.9.1 Field Density Tests -- 4.9.2 Stress Measurement in Soils -- 4.9.3 Standard Penetration Test -- 4.10 DIRECT PUSH CONE PENETRATION TESTING -- 4.10.1 Direct Push Technologies -- 4.10.2 Direct Push Rod Systems -- 4.10.3 Direct Push Sampling Tools -- 4.10.4 Lithologic Description/Geotechnical Characterization -- 4.10.5 In Situ Measurements Using Specialized Direct Push Probes -- 4.10.6 In Situ Analysis Using Direct Push Technologies -- 4.10.7 Methods for Sealing Direct Push Holes -- 4.10.8 Slug Testing through Direct Push Equipment -- 4.11 PIEZOMETERS -- 4.11.1 Multiple Piezometers in a Single Borehole -- 4.11.2 Piezometer Devices -- 4.11.3 Response Characteristics -- 4.11.4 Readout Methods -- 4.11.5 Piezometer Selection -- 4.11.6 Piezometer Installation Methods -- 4.11.7 Verification of Piezometer Operation -- 4.11.8 Rehabilitation Methods -- 4.12 WATER-LEVEL MEASUREMENT -- 4.12.1 Barometric Efficiency -- 4.12.2 Head Level Data and Aquifer Flow -- 4.12.3 Accuracy in Water-Level Reading -- 4.12.4 General Guidance for Water-Level Measurements -- 4.13 DECOMMISSIONING OF BOREHOLES, PIEZOMETERS AND WELLS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5: PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING -- 5.1 INTRODUCTION -- 5.2 SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ABOVE THE WATER TABLE -- 5.2.1 Borehole Permeameter -- 5.2.2 Infiltrometer Method -- 5.2.3 Double-Tube Method -- 5.2.4 Air-Entry Permeameter -- 5.2.5 Gypsum Crust-Cube Method -- 5.3 METHODS FOR MEASURING UNSATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY. , 5.3.1 Instantaneous Profile Method -- 5.3.2 Crust-Imposed, Steady Flux -- 5.4 BOREHOLE TESTS OF FIELD HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY -- 5.4.1 Preparations for a Test for Hydraulic Conductivity -- 5.4.2 Constant Water Level Methods -- 5.4.3 Rising or Falling Water Level Tests & -- #8211 -- & -- #8211 -- Variable Head Tests -- 5.4.4 Slug Tests -- 5.4.5 Aquifer Pump Test Procedures -- 5.4.6 General Design of a Pumping Test -- 5.4.7 Design of Observation Well(s) -- 5.4.8 Assessment of a Confining Unit -- 5.4.9 Predicted Confining Unit (Aquitard) Response -- 5.5 FIELD PROCEDURES -- 5.5.1 Establish Baseline Trend -- 5.5.2 Barometric Pressure Changes -- 5.5.3 Measuring Water Levels during Test -- 5.5.4 Monitoring Discharge Rate -- 5.5.5 Length of Test -- 5.5.6 Plotting Data -- 5.5.7 Pump Test Precautions -- 5.5.8 Monitoring during Test -- 5.5.9 Noordbbergum Effect -- 5.5.10 Analysis of Field Data -- 5.5.11 Tests with Two or More Wells -- 5.5.12 Packer Hydraulic Conductivity Tests -- 5.6 LABORATORY ANALYSES -- 5.6.1 Soils -- 5.6.2 Index Tests -- 5.6.3 Chemical Soil Tests -- 5.6.4 General Soil Sampling Criteria -- 5.6.5 Laboratory Permeability Tests -- 5.6.6 Laboratory Evaluations of Hydraulic Conductivity -- 5.6.7 Effective Porosity -- 5.6.8 Laboratory Hydraulic Properties of Rocks -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 6: FRACTURED-ROCK ASSESSMENTS -- 6.1 INTRODUCTION -- 6.1.1 Fractures and Joints -- 6.1.2 Faults -- 6.1.3 Hydraulic Conductivity -- 6.1.4 Comparison of Granular and Fractured-Rock Aquifers -- 6.2 PHASE I ASSESSMENTS: FRACTURED ROCK -- 6.2.1 Conceptual Models of Fractured-Rock Aquifers -- 6.2.2 Appropriate Conceptual Model -- 6.2.3 Integrating Geologic Information with Flow System -- 6.3 PHASE IIs FOR FRACTURED ROCK -- 6.4 GEOLOGIC MAPPING -- 6.4.1 Direct Observations Used in Mapping -- 6.4.2 Natural Outcrops -- 6.4.3 Trenches -- 6.4.4 Fracture-Set Mapping. , 6.5 SURFACE GEOPHYSICS -- 6.6 BORING PLAN -- 6.7 DRILLING AND LOGGING CORE HOLES -- 6.7.1 Logging of Subsurface Explorations -- 6.7.2 Edited Logs -- 6.7.3 Storage of Core Samples -- 6.7.4 Core Sample Labeling -- 6.8 DOWN-THE-HOLE GEOPHYSICS -- 6.8.1 Introduction -- 6.8.2 Applications -- 6.8.3 Logging for Strata Properties -- 6.8.4 Fluid Logging and Hydraulic Properties -- 6.9 BOREHOLE CONDITION AND GEOMETRY -- 6.9.1 Fractured Rock Applications -- 6.9.2 Direction Orientation Diagrams -- 6.9.3 Hydraulic Conductivity and Depth Diagrams -- 6.9.4 Structural Domains and Design Sectors -- 6.9.5 Orientation of Discontinuities -- 6.10 STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION IN SITE ASSESSMENTS -- 6.10.1 Stereographic Projection -- 6.10.2 Stereographic Nets -- 6.10.3 Lambert Equal Area Nets -- 6.10.4 Cluster Delineation and Shape -- 6.10.5 Fitting a Distribution -- 6.10.6 Errors in Frequency Contours of Orientation Data -- 6.10.7 Spacing of Discontinuities -- 6.11 DETERMINATION OF GROUND-WATER FLOW DIRECTIONS AND VELOCITIES IN FRACTURED ROCK -- 6.11.1 Variation of Hydraulic Head -- 6.11.2 Vertical Distribution of Hydraulic Head -- 6.11.3 Temporal Changes in Hydraulic Head -- 6.11.4 Determination of the Directions and Rates of Ground-Water Flow -- 6.12 WELL TESTING METHODS -- 6.12.1 General Conceptual Approach -- 6.12.2 Pump Test Evaluation of Fractured Rock -- 6.12.3 Evaluation of Near-Field Hydraulic Parameters -- 6.12.4 Field Measurements -- 6.12.5 Normal Hydraulic Conductivity Test Methods: Packer Permeability Tests -- 6.12.6 Low Hydraulic Conductivity Test Methods -- 6.13 MULTILEVEL HEAD MEASUREMENTS -- 6.14 CONCEPTUAL MODEL -- 6.14.1 Data Analysis -- 6.14.2 Conceptual Models for Flow Geometry -- 6.15 LOCATION AND INSTALLATION OF MONITORING WELLS -- 6.15.1 Developing a Reliable Monitoring System -- 6.15.2 Methods of Testing Applicability of Monitoring Points. , 6.15.3 Hydraulic Testing Methods.

Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- INDEX.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- I. Was the Last Common Ancestor of Chimpanzees and Humans Chimpanzee-Like? -- 1. Introduction: Chimpanzees and Human Evolution -- 2. Reconstructing the Last Common Ancestor of Chimpanzees and Humans -- 3. Equal, Similar, but Different: Convergent Bonobos and Conserved Chimpanzees -- II. Chimpanzees and the Evolution of Human Uniqueness -- 4. Introduction: Chimpanzees and Human Uniqueness -- 5. Mortality, Senescence, and Life Span -- 6. Fertility and Fecundity -- 7. Locomotor Ecology and Evolution in Chimpanzees and Humans -- 8. Evolution of the Human Dietary Niche: Initial Transitions -- 9. Evolution of the Human Dietary Niche: Quest for High Quality -- 10. From Pan to Man the Hunter: Hunting and Meat Sharing by Chimpanzees, Humans, and Our Common Ancestor -- 11. The Evolution of the Human Mating System -- 12. From Chimpanzee Society to Human Society: Bridging the Kinship Gap -- 13. Violent Cousins: Chimpanzees, Humans, and the Roots of War -- 14. Cooperative and Competitive Relationships within Sexes -- 15. Cooperation between the Sexes -- 16. Sexual Coercion in Chimpanzees and Humans -- 17. Tool Use and Manufacture in the Last Common Ancestor of Pan and Homo -- 18. Cultural Evolution in Chimpanzees and Humans -- 19. Chimpanzee Cognition and the Roots of the Human Mind -- 20. Ancestral Precursors, Social Control, and Social Selection in the Evolution of Morals -- 21. Communication and Language -- Contributors -- Index.