Note: Front cover -- Earth'S Oldest Rocks -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contributing Authors -- Contents -- Preface: Aims, Scope, And Outline Of The Book -- Part 1. Introduction -- Chapter 1.1 Overview and History of Investigation of Early Earth Rocks -- 1.1-1. Granulite-Gneiss Belts -- 1.1-2. Greenstone-Granite Belts -- 1.1-3. The Hadean -- 1.1-4. Conclusions and Implications -- Chapter 1.2 The Distribution of Paleoarchean Crust -- 1.2-1. Earth's Oldest Rocks and Minerals -- 1.2-2. Occurrences of Major Paleoarchean Rocks -- 1.2-3. Major Granitoid Events in the Paleoarchean -- Part 2. Planetary Accretion and the Hadean to Eoarchean Earth - Building the Foundation -- Chapter 2.1 The Formation of the Earth and Moon -- 2.1-1. The Solar Nebula -- 2.1-2. The Formation of The Giant Planets -- 2.1-3. Planetesimals -- 2.1-4. The Formation of the Terrestrial Planets -- 2.1-5. The Pre-Hadean State of the Earth -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 2.2 Early Solar System Materials, Processes, and Chronology -- 2.2-1. Introduction -- 2.2-2. Early Solar System Materials -- 2.2-3. Early Solar System Events and Chronology -- 2.2-4. Summary -- Chapter 2.3 Dynamics of the Hadean and Archaean Mantle -- 2.3-1. Introduction -- 2.3-2. Basic Principles Governing Tectonic Modes -- 2.3-3. Thermal State During Formation and the Hadean -- 2.3-4. Dynamical Stratification of the Mantle -- 2.3-5. Early Plate Tectonics and Early Mantle Cooling -- 2.3-6. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 2.4 The Enigma of the Terrestrial Protocrust: Evidence for Its Former Existence and the Importance of Its Complete Disappearance -- 2.4-1. Introduction -- 2.4-2. Evidence for Substantial > -- 4 Ga Differentiation of the Silicate Earth -- 2.4-3. Models for the Disappearance of the Hadean Crust -- 2.4-4. Summary. , Chapter 2.5 The Oldest Terrestrial Mineral Record: A Review of 4400 to 4000 Ma Detrital Zircons from Jack Hills, Western Australia -- 2.5-1. Introduction -- 2.5-2. The Jack Hills -- 2.5-3. Jack Hills Zircons -- 2.5-4. Early Earth Processes Recorded in Jack Hills Zircons -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 2.6 Evidence of Pre-3100 Ma Crust in the Youanmi and South West Terranes, and Eastern Goldfields Superterrane, of the Yilgarn Craton -- 2.6-1. Introduction -- 2.6-2. Evidence of Old (Pre-3100 Ma) Yilgarn Crust -- 2.6-3. Discussion -- 2.6-4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Part 3. Eoarchean Gneiss Complexes -- Chapter 3.1 The Early Archean Acasta Gneiss Complex: Geological, Geochronological and Isotopic Studies and Implications for Early Crustal Evolution -- 3.1-1. Introduction -- 3.1-2. Geology -- 3.1-3. Geochronology -- 3.1-4. Constraints on the Provenance of the 4.2 Ga Zircon Xenocryst -- 3.1-5. Radiogenic Isotope Systematics -- 3.1-6. Tectonothermal Evolution of the Acasta Gneiss Complex -- 3.1-7. Implications for Early Crustal Evolution -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 3.2 Ancient Antarctica: The Archaean of the East Antarctic Shield -- 3.2-1. Introduction -- 3.2-2. Overview of the Geology of the East Antarctic Shield -- 3.2-3. The Oldest Rocks: > -- 3400 Ma -- 3.2-4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 3.3 The Itsaq Gneiss Complex of Southern West Greenland and the Construction of Eoarchaean Crust at Convergent Plate Boundaries -- Abstract -- 3.3-1. Introduction -- 3.3-2. Methods -- 3.3-3. Itsaq Gneiss Complex -- 3.3-4. Building of Itsaq Gneiss Complex Crust out of Tonalites -- 3.3-5. Eoarchaean Tectonic Intercalation of Unrelated Rocks in the Itsaq Gneiss Complex -- 3.3-6. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 3.4 The Geology of the 3.8 Ga Nuvvuagittuq (Porpoise Cove) Greenstone Belt, Northeastern Superior Province, Canada. , 3.4-1. Introduction -- 3.4-2. Geological Framework -- 3.4-3. Geology of the Nuvvuagittuq Belt -- 3.4-4. Discussion -- 3.4-5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 3.5 Eoarchean Rocks and Zircons in the North China Craton -- 3.5-1. Introduction -- 3.5-2. General Geology -- 3.5-3. Oldest Rocks and Zircons in the NCC -- 3.5-4. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 3.6 The Narryer Terrane, Western Australia: A Review -- 3.6-1. Introduction -- 3.6-2. Historical -- 3.6-3. Characteristics of the Narryer Gneiss Complex -- 3.6-4. Some Outstanding Issues -- Acknowledgements -- Part 4. The Paleoarchean Pilbara Craton, Western Australia -- Chapter 4.1 Paleoarchean Development of a Continental Nucleus: the East Pilbara Terrane of the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia -- 4.1-1. Introduction -- 4.1-2. Geology of the Pilbara Craton -- 4.1-3. Geology of the East Pilbara Terrane -- 4.1-4. Tectonic Models, Old and New -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 4.2 The Oldest Well-Preserved Felsic Volcanic Rocks on Earth: Geochemical Clues to the Early Evolution of the Pilbara Supergroup and Implications for the Growth of a Paleoarchean Protocontinent -- 4.2-1. Introduction -- 4.2-2. Regional geological summary -- 4.2-3. Analytical methods -- 4.2-4. Coonterunah Subgroup -- 4.2-5. Duffer Formation -- 4.2-6. Felsic Volcanic Units at Higher Stratigraphic Levels -- 4.2-7. Petrogenesis of mafic volcanic rocks -- 4.2-8. Petrogenesis of Felsic Volcanic Rocks -- 4.2-9. Implications for Early Pilbara Crustal Evolution -- 4.2-10. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 4.3 Geochemistry of Paleoarchean Granites of the East Pilbara Terrane, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: Implications for Early Archean Crustal Growth -- 4.3-1. Introduction -- 4.3-2. Regional geological summary -- 4.3-3. Granite Geochemistry and Petrology -- 4.3-4. Geochemistry -- 4.3-5. Granite Petrogenesis. , 4.3-6. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 4.4 Paleoarchean Mineral Deposits of the Pilbara Craton: Genesis, Tectonic Environment and Comparisons with Younger Deposits -- 4.4-1. Introduction -- 4.4-2. Paleoarchean Geological Evolution of the Pilbara Craton -- 4.4-3. Paleoarchean Mineral Deposits of the Pilbara Craton -- 4.4-4. Metallogenesis in Other Paleoarchean Terrains -- 4.4-5. A Comparison of Paleoarchean, Neoarchaean and Phanerozoic Metallogeny -- 4.4-6. Implications for Tectonic Processes During the Paleoarchean -- 4.4-7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Part 5. The Paleoarchean Kaapvaal Craton, Southern Africa -- Chapter 5.1 An Overview of the Pre-Mesoarchean Rocks of the Kaapvaal Craton, South Africa -- 5.1-1. Introduction -- 5.1-2. Overview of the Pre-Mesoarchean Evolution of the Kaapvaal Craton -- 5.1-3. Conclusions -- Chapter 5.2 The Ancient Gneiss Complex of Swaziland and Environs: Record of Early Archean Crustal Evolution in Southern Africa -- 5.2-1. Introduction -- 5.2-2. Field Relationships and Origin of Components of the AGC -- 5.2-3. Geochronology and Implications for Gneiss-Greenstone Relationships -- 5.2-4. Ngwane Gneiss -- 5.2-5. Dwalile Supracrustal Suite -- 5.2-6. Tsawela Gneiss -- 5.2-7. Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 5.3 An Overview of the Geology of the Barberton Greenstone Belt and Vicinity: Implications for Early Crustal Development -- 5.3-1. Introduction -- 5.3-2. General Geology of the BGB -- 5.3-3. Tectono-Stratigraphic Suites -- 5.3-4. Structural Development of the BGGT -- 5.3-5. Evolution of the BGGT -- 5.3-6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 5.4 Volcanology of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: Inflation and Evolution of Flow Fields -- 5.4-1. Introduction -- 5.4-2. Tectono-Volcanic History of Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB). , 5.4-3. Volcanology of the Barberton Greenstone Belt -- 5.4-4. Komati Formation -- 5.4-5. Hooggenoeg Formation -- 5.4-6. Kromberg Formation -- 5.4-7. Mendon Formation -- 5.4-8. Comparison of flow morphologies -- 5.4-9. Reconstructing flow fields -- 5.4-10. Flow Fields: Petrogenesis and Plate Tectonic Setting -- 5.4-11. Komati-Hooggenoeg Section: A Fore-Arc Ophiolite? -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 5.5 Silicified Basalts, Bedded Cherts and Other Sea Floor Alteration Phenomena of the 3.4 Ga Nondweni Greenstone Belt, South Africa -- 5.5-1. Introduction -- 5.5-2. Geological Setting -- 5.5-3. Analytical Methods -- 5.5-4. Field Relationships and Geochemistry -- 5.5-5. Petrography -- 5.5-6. Discussion -- 5.5-7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 5.6 TTG Plutons of the Barberton Granitoid-Greenstone Terrain, South Africa -- 5.6-1. Introduction -- 5.6-2. Geological Setting -- 5.6-3. TTG Plutons of the BGGT -- 5.6-4. Geochemistry -- 5.6-5. Petrogenesis of TTG Rocks -- 5.6-6. Partial Melting of Amphibolites and Controls on the Melt Geochemistry -- 5.6-7. Summary and Geodynamic Implications -- 5.6-8. Discussion -- 5.6-9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 5.7 Metamorphism in the Barberton Granite Greenstone Terrain: A Record of Paleoarchean Accretion -- 5.7-1. Evidence for Accretionary Orogeny in the BGGT -- 5.7-2. Metamorphic History of the Eastern Terrane -- 5.7-3. Metamorphism in the Western Domain -- 5.7-4. Inyoni Shear Zone -- 5.7-5. Discussion and Conclusions -- Chapter 5.8 Tectono-Metamorphic Controls on Archean Gold Mineralization in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: An Example from the New Consort Gold Mine -- 5.8-1. Introduction -- 5.8-2. Geological Setting -- 5.8-3. Characteristics of Greenschist Facies Gold Deposits -- 5.8-4. The New Consort Gold Mine. , 5.8-5. Constraints on the Timing of Deformation, Metamorphism and Mineralization.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Some Introductory Notes on Random Graphs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Generalities on Graphs -- 2.1 Basic Definitions and Notation -- 2.2 Large Scale Networks -- 3 Erdős-Rényi Model -- 3.1 Connectivity and Giant Component -- 3.2 Branching Processes -- 3.3 Behavior at the Giant Component Threshold -- 4 Configuration Model -- 4.1 Connectivity and Giant Component -- 5 Random Geometric Graph -- 5.1 Connectivity -- 5.2 Giant Component -- References -- Statistical Physics and Network Optimization Problems -- 1 Statistical Physics and Optimization -- 2 Elements of Statistical Physics -- 3 Statistical Physics Approach to Percolation in Random Graphs -- 3.1 The Potts Model Representation -- 3.1.1 Symmetric Saddle-Point -- 3.1.2 Symmetry Broken Saddle-Point -- 4 Statistical Physics Methods for More Complex Problems -- 5 Bethe Approximation and Message Passing Algorithms -- 5.1 Belief Propagation -- 5.1.1 Marginals -- 5.1.2 Free Energy -- 5.1.3 Graphs with Loops -- 5.2 The β→∞ Limit: Minsum Algorithm -- 5.3 Finding a Solution: Decimation and Reinforcement Algorithms -- 5.3.1 Decimation -- 5.3.2 Reinforcement -- 5.4 Replica Symmetry Breaking and Higher Levels of BP -- References -- Graphical Models and Message-Passing Algorithms: Some Introductory Lectures -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Probability Distributions and Graphical Structure -- 2.1 Directed Graphical Models -- 2.1.1 Conditional Independence Properties for Directed Graphs -- 2.1.2 Equivalence of Representations -- 2.2 Undirected Graphical Models -- 2.2.1 Factorization for Undirected Models -- 2.2.2 Markov Property for Undirected Models -- 2.2.3 Hammersley-Clifford Equivalence -- 2.2.4 Factor Graphs -- 3 Exact Algorithms for Marginals, Likelihoods and Modes -- 3.1 Elimination Algorithm -- 3.1.1 Graph-Theoretic Versus Analytical Elimination -- 3.1.2 Complexity of Elimination. , 3.2 Message-Passing Algorithms on Trees -- 3.2.1 Sum-Product Algorithm -- 3.2.2 Sum-Product on General Factor Trees -- 3.2.3 Max-Product Algorithm -- 4 Junction Tree Framework -- 4.1 Clique Trees and Running Intersection -- 4.2 Triangulation and Junction Trees -- 4.3 Constructing the Junction Tree -- 5 Basics of Graph Estimation -- 5.1 Parameter Estimation for Directed Graphs -- 5.2 Parameter Estimation for Undirected Graphs -- 5.2.1 Maximum Likelihood for Undirected Trees -- 5.2.2 Maximum Likelihood on General Undirected Graphs -- 5.2.3 Iterative Proportional Scaling -- 5.3 Tree Selection and the Chow-Liu Algorithm -- 6 Bibliographic Details and Remarks -- Appendix: Triangulation and Equivalent Graph-Theoretic Properties -- References -- Bridging the Gap Between Information Theory and WirelessNetworking -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Shannon's Point to Point Results -- 3 The Multiple-Access and Gaussian Broadcast Channels -- 4 A Spatial Model of a Wireless Network -- 5 Multi-Hop Transport -- 6 The Transport Capacity -- 7 Best Case Transport Capacity and Scaling Laws -- 8 An Upper Bound on Transport Capacity -- 9 Implication of Square-Root Law for Transport Capacity -- 10 The Need for an Information-Theoretic Analysis -- 11 Wireless Network Information Theory -- 12 Information-Theoretic Definition of Transport Capacity -- 13 Information-Theoretic Bounds -- 14 Implication of Information-Theoretic Scaling Law -- 15 Extensions -- References -- Lecture Notes in Math ematics.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- Series Editor's Introduction -- Introduction: The Discursive Technology of Science -- Chapter 1 General Orientation -- Chapter 2 The Model -- Part 1: Professional Literacy: Construing Nature -- Introduction -- Chapter 3 On the Language of Physical Science -- Chapter 4 Some Grammatical Problems in Scientific English -- Chapter 5 The Construction of Knowledge and Value in the Grammar of Scientific Discourse: Charles Darwin's The Origin of the Species -- Chapter 6 Language and the Order of Nature -- Chapter 7 The Analysis of Scientific Texts in English and Chinese -- Part 2: School Literacy: Construing Knowledge -- Introduction -- Chapter 8 The Discourse of Geography: Ordering and Explaining the Experiential World -- Chapter 9 Literacy in Science: Learning to Handle Text as Technology -- Chapter 10 Technicality and Abstraction: Language for the Creation of Specialized Texts -- Chapter 11 Life as a Noun: Arresting the Universe in Science and Humanities -- References -- Index.