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  • 1
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die mikrobiologischen, klinischen und röntgenologischen Befunde eines zerebralen Tuberkuloms wurden bei vier Patienten mit und fünf Patienten ohne HIV-Infektion verglichen. Die Studie wurde während der vergangenen 14 Jahre durchgeführt. Die Computertomogramme (CT) wurden blind ausgewertet. Die klinische Symptomatik des zerebralen Tuberkuloms bei HIV-negativen Patienten ist durch Krampfanfälle charakterisiert, die bei HIV-positiven Patienten nicht beobachtet wurden. Alle vier HIV-infizierten Patienten hatten Kopfschmerzen und Fieber. Im Liquor wurde der Befund einer lymphozytären Meningitis erhoben. Zwei HIV-negative und drei HIV-positive Patienten hatten zugleich eine extrazerebrale Tuberkulose. Bei HIV-infizierten Patienten stellte das zerebrale Tuberkulom eine sekundäre Manifestation einer disseminierten Tuberkulose dar. In unserer kleinen Patientengruppe bot das zerebrale Tuberkulom im Spotan-CT bei HIV-positiven Patienten das Bild einer hypodensen Läsion, bei den HIV-negativen Patienten hingegen einer hyperdensen Läsion. Bei zwei Patienten jeder Gruppe fand sich eine Ringverstärkung. Das zerebrale Tuberkulom wurde bei den HIV-positiven Patienten etwa nach vier Wochen, bei einigen der HIV-negativen Patienten aber erst nach 16 Wochen diagnostiziert. Bei den letztgenannten Patienten bestand Verdacht auf einen Hirntumor oder einen bakteriellen Abszeß. Die diagnostische Kraniotomie war daher bei den HIV-negativen Patienten erforderlich. In je einem Fall führte das zerebrale Tuberkulom zum Tode, bei allen anderen Patienten trat nach Behandlung Besserung ein.
    Notes: Summary The microbiological, clinical and radiological findings of cerebral tuberculomas in four patients with and in five patients without HIV infection were compared. The study was carried out during the last 14 years. The CT scans were analyzed in a blinded fashion. Cerebral tuberculoma in HIV-negative patients was clinically characterized by seizures, while in HIV-positive patients this finding was absent. All four HIV-infected patients had headache and fever and their CSF showed lymphocytic meningitis. Two HIV-negative and three HIV-positive patients had concurrent extracerebral tuberculosis. In HIV-infected patients, the cerebral tuberculoma was a secondary finding of disseminated tuberculosis. In our small patient samples, the cerebral tuberculoma presented as spontaneous hypodense cerebral lesions in all the HIV-positive patients but as a hyperdense cerebral lesion in the HIV-negative patients. Two patients of each group had ring enhancement lesions. Cerebral tuberculoma was diagnosed in about 4 weeks for HIV-positive patients, but took some 16 weeks for HIV-negative patients, the latter being first suspected of having a cerebral tumor or bacterial abscess. Diagnostic craniotomy was thus necessary for the HIV-negative patients. One patient of each group died as a consequence of cerebral tuberculoma, all the remaining patients improved with treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 18 (1999), S. 755-756 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In a study designed to evaluate the efficacy of penicillin in HIV-infected patients with syphilis and to determine the clinical and laboratory responses after treatment, 13 patients with HIV infection and syphilis were assessed at enrollment and at the last follow-up examination (median time of 21 months). The Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory (VDRL) test, the Treponema pallidum hemaglutination test, and leukocyte counts in cerebrospinal fluid were evaluated both at enrollment and at the last follow-up visit, and the polymerase chain reaction for Treponema pallidum DNA and the rabbit infectivity test were performed on cerebrospinal fluid samples at the last follow-up visit. Primary syphilis was confirmed in four patients, latent syphilis in five, and neurosyphilis in four. After penicillin treatment, all patients were asymptomatic. The serum rapid plasma reagin test became negative in five patients, and titers declined in eight. The VDRL test, Treponema pallidum DNA, and the rabbit infectivity test were negative in all 13 patients. Except for one patient whose serological titer was slow to decline, all patients had good clinical and serological responses to penicillin. In certain settings, factors other than penicillin treatment failure should be considered in HIV-infected patients with suspected relapse of syphilis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 14 (1995), S. 864-869 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the prevalence and the clinical and serological findings of neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients,Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) tests, CD4+ lymphocyte counts and determination of rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers were performed in 972 HIV-infected patients over a period of 3.5 years. Patients were scored according to the Centers for Disease Control's classification for HIV infection. Reactive serum syphilis tests and positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests, with or without clinical symptoms, were used as the criteria for diagnosis of neurosyphilis. The TPHA test was positive in 31 patients, representing 3.1 % of all HIV-infected patients included in the study. Of these, 13 were intravenous drug addicts, 14 were homosexuals and 4 were heterosexuals. Diagnosis of syphilis was concurrent with HIV infection in 19 patients, prior to HIV infection in 6 patients and after HIV infection in 6 patients. CSF examinations were performed in 28 of the 31 (90.3 %) patients with serologically evident syphilis. Four patients had positive CSF-VDRL tests with pleocytosis (23.5 % of untreated syphilis patients in whom CSF was examined), three of whom reported mild headache, which was considered a doubtful manifestation of neurosyphilis. Patients with syphilis diagnosed and treated prior to diagnosis of HIV infection did not have evidence of neurosyphilis. Seven patients had pleocytosis with a negative CSF-VDRL test, without any clinical manifestations of neurosyphilis. There was no significant difference in the mean CD4+ lymphocyte count between patients with and without neurosyphilis (p=0.5). RPR titers in neurosyphilis patients were greater than those in patients previously treated for syphilis and in those with pleocytosis only (p=0.046 and 0.036, respectively). All neurosyphilis patients had an RPR titer 〉 1∶8. After therapy, neurosyphilis patients had negative CSF-VDRL tests with a lower level of pleocytosis. The prevalence of neurosyphilis was 0.4% in HIV-infected patients and 23.5% in HIV-infected patients with untreated syphilis. This high prevalence of neurosyphilis warrants CSF examination in HIV-infected patients with syphilis, regardless of the stage of syhilis.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-09-07
    Description: We present the identification of 634 variable stars in the Milky Way dwarf spheroidal (dSph) satellite Sculptor based on archival ground-based optical observations spanning ~24 yr and covering ~2.5 deg 2 . We employed the same methodologies as the ‘Homogeneous Photometry’ series published by Stetson. In particular, we have identified and characterized one of the largest (536) RR Lyrae samples so far in a Milky Way dSph satellite. We have also detected four Anomalous Cepheids, 23 SX Phoenicis stars, five eclipsing binaries, three field variable stars, three peculiar variable stars located above the horizontal branch – near to the locus of BL Herculis – that we are unable to classify properly. Additionally, we identify 37 long period variables plus 23 probable variable stars, for which the current data do not allow us to determine the period. We report positions and finding charts for all the variable stars, and basic properties (period, amplitude, mean magnitude) and light curves for 574 of them. We discuss the properties of the RR Lyrae stars in the Bailey diagram, which supports the coexistence of subpopulations with different chemical compositions. We estimate the mean mass of Anomalous Cepheids (~1.5 M ) and SX Phoenicis stars (~1 M ). We discuss in detail the nature of the former. The connections between the properties of the different families of variable stars are discussed in the context of the star formation history of the Sculptor dSph galaxy.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-04-04
    Description: Open clusters (OCs) are crucial for studying the formation and evolution of the Galactic disc. However, the lack of a large number of OCs analysed homogeneously hampers the investigations about chemical patterns and the existence of Galactocentric radial and vertical gradients, or an age–metallicity relation. To overcome this, we have designed the Open Cluster Chemical Abundances from Spanish Observatories (OCCASO) survey. We aim to provide homogeneous radial velocities, physical parameters and individual chemical abundances of six or more red clump stars for a sample of 25 old and intermediate-age OCs visible from the Northern hemisphere. To do so, we use high-resolution spectroscopic facilities ( R ≥ 62 000) available at Spanish observatories. We present the motivation, design and current status of the survey, together with the first data release of radial velocities for 77 stars in 12 OCs, which represents about 50 per cent of the survey. We include clusters never studied with high-resolution spectroscopy before (NGC 1907, NGC 6991, NGC 7762), and clusters in common with other large spectroscopic surveys like the Gaia -ESO Survey (NGC 6705) and Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (NGC 2682 and NGC 6819). We perform internal comparisons between instruments to evaluate and correct internal systematics of the results, and compare our radial velocities with previous determinations in the literature, when available. Finally, radial velocities for each cluster are used to perform a preliminary kinematic study in relation with the Galactic disc.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2015-10-07
    Description: We identified and characterized the largest (536) RR Lyrae (RRL) sample in a Milky Way dSph satellite (Sculptor) based on optical photometry data collected over ~24 years. The RRLs display a spread in V -magnitude (~0.35 mag) which appears larger than photometric errors and the horizontal branch (HB) luminosity evolution of a mono-metallic population. Using several calibrations of two different reddening free and metal independent period–Wesenheit relations we provide a new distance estimate μ = 19.62 mag ( μ  = 0.04 mag) that agrees well with literature estimates. We constrained the metallicity distribution of the old population, using the M I period–luminosity relation, and we found that it ranges from –2.3 to –1.5 dex. The current estimate is narrower than suggested by low and intermediate spectroscopy of RGBs ( [Fe/H]≤ 1.5). We also investigated the HB morphology as a function of the galactocentric distance. The HB in the innermost regions is dominated by red HB stars and by RRLs, consistent with a more metal-rich population, while in the outermost regions it is dominated by blue HB stars and RRLs typical of a metal-poor population. Our results suggest that fast chemical evolution occurred in Sculptor, and that the radial gradients were in place at an early epoch.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: We present the metallicity distribution of a sample of 471 RR Lyrae (RRL) stars in the Sculptor dSph, obtained from the I -band period–luminosity relation. It is the first time that the early chemical evolution of a dwarf galaxy is characterized in such a detailed and quantitative way, using photometric data alone. We find a broad metallicity distribution (full width at half-maximum equals to 0.8 dex) that is peaked at [Fe/H] ~= –1.90 dex, in excellent agreement with literature values obtained from spectroscopic data. Moreover, we are able to directly trace the metallicity gradient out to a radius of ~55 arcmin. We find that in the outer regions ( r 〉 ~32 arcmin) the slope of the metallicity gradient from the RRLs (–0.025 dex arcmin –1 ) is comparable to the literature values based on red giant (RG) stars. However, in the central part of Sculptor, we do not observe the latter gradients. This suggests that there is a more metal-rich and/or younger population in Sculptor that does not produce RRLs. This scenario is strengthened by the observation of a metal-rich peak in the metallicity distribution of RG stars by other authors, which is not present in the metallicity distribution of the RRLs within the same central area.
    Print ISSN: 1745-3925
    Electronic ISSN: 1745-3933
    Topics: Physics
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