Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Introduction -- The Editors -- Advisory Board -- Contributors -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1: Factors Controlling the Microflora of the Healthy Mouth -- Chapter 2: Factors Controlling the Microflora of the Healthy Upper Gastrointestinal Tract -- Chapter 3: Control of the Large Bowel Microflora -- Chapter 4: Factors Affecting the Microflora of the Lower Genital Tract of Healthy Women -- Chapter 5: Factors Controlling the Microflora of the Skin -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Oral Micorbiology -- Dedication Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- The Human Microflora -- The Oral Microflora in Health and Disease -- The Scale of Oral Diseases -- Microbial Ecology -- The Oral Microflora and General Health -- Chapter Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 2: The mouth as a microbial habitat -- The Mouth as a Microbial Habitat -- Factors Affecting the Growth of Microorganisms in the Oral Cavity -- Chapter Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 3: The resident oral microflora -- Principles of Microbial Classification -- Principles of Conventional Microbial Identification -- The Impact of Molecular Microbial Ecology -- Difficulties Arising from Recent Advances in Microbial Classification -- Gram Positive Cocci -- Gram Positive Rods and Filaments -- Gram Negative Cocci -- Gram Negative Rods -- Fungi -- Mycoplasma -- Viruses -- Protozoa -- Chapter Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 4: Acquisition, adherence, distribution and metabolism of the oral microflora -- Acquisition of the Resident Oral Microflora -- Ageing and the Oral Microflora -- Methods of Determining the Composition of the Resident Oral Microflora -- Distribution of the Resident Oral Microflora -- Factors Influencing the Distribution of Oral Microorganisms -- Host and Bacterial Factors Involved in Adherence -- Functions of the Climax Community: Colonization Resistance -- Metabolism of Oral Bacteria -- Chapter Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 5: Dental plaque -- Microbial Biofilms -- Biofilms in the Mouth -- Mechanisms of Dental Plaque Formation -- Conseuences of Biofilm Formation -- Structure of Mature Dental Plaque -- Bacterial Composition of the Climax Community of Dental Plaque from Different Sites -- Plaque Fluid -- Calculus -- Microbial Interactions in Dental Plaque. , Dental Plaque as a Microbial Community -- Microbial Homeostasis in Dental Plaque -- Chapter Summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 6: Plaque-mediated diseases - dental caries and periodontal diseases -- Relationship of Plaque Bacteria to Disease: General Principles -- Relationship of Plaque Bacteria to Disease: Contemporary Perspectives -- Relationship of Plaque Bacteria to Disease: Implications for Study Design -- Dental caries -- Evidence for Caries as an Infectious -- Aetiology of Human Enamel Caries -- Microbiological Tests to Predict Caries Activity -- Pathogenic Determinants of Cariogenic Bacteria -- Re-evaluation of the Microbial Aetiology of Dental Caries -- Further reading - dental caries -- Periodontal diseases -- Ecology of the periodontal pocket: implications for plaque sampling -- Evidence for Microbial Involvement in Periodontal Diseases -- Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases -- Pathogenic Mechanisms in Periodontal Disease -- Pathogenic Synergism and Periodontal Disease -- Aetiology of Periodontal Disease - Contemporary Perspective -- Predictors of Disease Activity -- Periodontal Health and General Health -- Further reading - periodontal disease -- Approaches for controlling plaque-mediated diseases -- Fissure Sealants -- Fluoride -- Antimicrobial Agents -- Sugar Substitutes -- Future Directions -- Further reading - treatment of plaque -- Chapter Summary -- Chapter 7: Orofacial bacterial infections -- Laboratory diagnosis -- Antimicrobial susceptibility -- Principles of management -- Endodontic infection -- Dentoalveolar infection -- Ludwig's angina -- Osteomyelitis -- Dry socket -- Peri-implantitis -- Pericoronitis -- Bacterial sialadenitis -- Angular cheilitis -- Cervicofacial actinomycosis -- Staphylococcal lymphadenitis -- Facial lacerations -- Chapter summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 8: Antimicrobial prophylaxis. , Antimicrobial Agents -- When does post-operative infection occur? -- How does pre-surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis work? -- Pre- or post-operative antimicrobials or both? -- Antimicrobial prophylaxis for oral surgery -- Third molar surgery -- Joint replacements -- Dental Implants -- Oral surgery where the consequences of post-operative infection are potentially serious -- Chapter summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 9: Oral fungal infections -- Pathogenic Candida species -- Candida virulence factors -- Oral candidosis -- Host response to oral candidosis -- Diagnosis of oral candidosis -- Management of oral candidosis -- Antifungal intervention -- Chapter summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 10: Orofacial viral infections -- Antiviral agents -- Laboratory diagnosis -- Herpes viruses -- Coxsackie viruses -- Human papilloma viruses (HPV) -- Paramyxoviruses -- Chapter summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 11: Oral implications of infection in compromised patients -- Osteoradionecrosis -- Post-irradiation mucositis -- Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis -- Staphylococcal mucositis -- Pyostomatitis vegetans -- Cancrum oris (noma, gangrenous stomatitis) -- Necrotizing fasciitis -- Stroke and Parkinson's disease -- Xerostomia -- Gingival hyperplasia and immunosuppressive agents -- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and AIDS -- Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies -- Hepatitis B -- Hepatitis C -- Tuberculosis -- Gonorrhoea -- Syphilis -- Chapter summary -- Further reading -- Chapter 12: Infection control -- Infection control -- Which infectious diseases are transmitted by dentistry? -- Personal protection -- Surgery design -- Surgery disinfection -- Decontamination of instruments -- Sterilization of instruments -- Waste disposal -- Chapter summary -- Further reading -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Half title page -- Dedication -- Marsh and Martin's Oral Microbiology -- Copyright Page -- Table Of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction -- Human Microbiota -- Benefits of the Human Microbiota -- Oral Microbiota in Health and Disease -- Principles of Microbial Ecology -- Scale of Oral Diseases -- Oral Microbiota and Systemic Disease -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading -- Useful Links -- 2 The mouth as a microbial habitat -- Mouth as a Microbial Habitat -- Mucosal Surfaces -- Teeth -- Saliva -- Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) -- Implants and Prosthetic Devices -- Factors Affecting the Growth of Microorganisms in the Oral Cavity -- Temperature -- Redox Potential/Anaerobiosis -- pH -- Nutrients -- (i) Endogenous nutrients -- (ii) Exogenous (dietary) nutrients -- Host Defences -- (i) Innate immunity -- (ii) Adaptive immunity -- Host Genetics -- Host Lifestyle -- Concluding Remarks -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading -- 3 The resident oral microbiota -- Principles of Microbial Classification -- Principles of Conventional Microbial Identification -- Impact of Molecular Microbial Ecology -- Difficulties Arising From Recent Advances in Microbial Classification -- Gram-Positive Cocci -- Streptococcus -- Mutans group (mutans streptococci) -- Salivarius group -- Anginosus group -- Mitis group -- Other Gram-Positive Cocci -- Gram-Positive Rods and Filaments -- Actinomyces -- Eubacterium and Related Genera -- Lactobacillus -- Other Genera -- Gram-Negative Cocci -- Gram-Negative Rods -- Facultatively Anaerobic and Capnophilic Genera -- Obligately Anaerobic Genera -- Mycoplasma -- Fungi -- Archaea -- Viruses -- Protozoa -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading -- 4 Distribution, development and benefits of the oral microbiota. , Acquisition of the Resident Oral Microbiota -- Pioneer Community and Microbial Succession -- Allogenic and Autogenic Microbial Succession -- Ageing and the Oral Microbiota -- Methods of Determining the Composition of the Resident Oral Microbiota -- Sample Acquisition -- Transport and Dispersion of Samples -- Cultivation -- Enumeration and Identification -- Microscopy -- In Situ Models -- Molecular Approaches -- Distribution of the Resident Oral Microbiota -- Lips and Palate -- Cheek -- Tongue -- Teeth and Dentures -- Saliva -- Metabolism of Oral Bacteria -- Carbohydrate Metabolism -- Sugar transport and acid production -- Acid tolerance and adaptation to low pH -- Polysaccharide production -- Nitrogen Metabolism -- Oxygen Metabolism -- Oral Malodour (Halitosis) -- Benefits of the Oral Microbiota -- Colonisation Resistance -- Host-Microbe Cross-Talk -- Nitrate Metabolism -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading -- 5 Dental plaque -- Microbial Biofilms -- Biofilms in the Mouth -- Mechanisms of Dental Plaque Formation -- Acquired Pellicle Formation -- Transport of Microorganisms and Reversible Attachment -- Pioneer Microbial Colonisers and More Permanent Attachment (Adhesin-receptor Interactions) -- Coaggregation/Coadhesion and Microbial Succession -- Maturation of the Biofilm and Matrix Formation -- Detachment from Surfaces -- Consequences of Biofilm Formation -- Biochemical Interactions -- Impact on Gene Expression -- Cell-Cell Signalling -- Gene Transfer -- Antimicrobial Tolerance -- Bacterial Composition of the Climax Community of Dental Plaque From Different Sites -- Fissure Plaque -- Approximal Plaque -- Gingival Crevice Plaque -- Denture Plaque -- Dental Plaque from Animals -- Calculus -- Dental Plaque as a Microbial Community -- Microbial Homeostasis in Dental Plaque -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions. , Further reading -- 6 Plaque-mediated diseases -- Relationship of Plaque Bacteria to Disease: Previous and Contemporary Perspectives -- Relationship of Plaque Bacteria to Disease: Implications for Study Design -- Dental Caries -- Evidence for the Role of Microorganisms in the Aetiology of Dental Caries -- Aetiology of Human Enamel Caries -- Microbiology of Enamel Caries -- Microbiology of Root-Surface Caries and Infected Dentine -- Pathogenic Determinants of Cariogenic Bacteria -- Contemporary Perspectives on the Microbial Aetiology of Dental Caries -- Periodontal Diseases -- Ecology of the Periodontal Pocket: Implications for Plaque Sampling -- Evidence for Microbial Involvement in Periodontal Diseases -- Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases -- Gingivitis -- Chronic Periodontitis -- Necrotising Periodontal Diseases -- Aggressive Periodontitis -- Other Periodontal Diseases -- Pathogenic Mechanisms in Periodontal Diseases -- Indirect Pathogenicity -- Direct Pathogenicity -- Pathogenic Synergism and Periodontal Disease -- Aetiology of Periodontal Disease: Contemporary Perspectives -- Periodontal Diseases and Systemic Disease -- Approaches for Controlling Plaque-Mediated Diseases -- Fluoride -- Antimicrobial Agents -- Sugar Substitutes -- Future Directions -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading: dental caries -- Further reading: periodontal disease -- Further reading: treatment of plaque -- 7 Orofacial bacterial infections -- Laboratory Diagnosis -- Antimicrobial Susceptibility -- Principles of Management -- Endodontic Infection -- Dentoalveolar Infection -- Lateral Periodontal Abscess -- Acute Dentoalveolar Abscess -- Severe Odontogenic Infection -- Osteomyelitis -- Dry Socket -- Periimplantitis -- Pericoronitis -- Bacterial Sialadenitis -- Angular Cheilitis -- Cervicofacial Actinomycosis -- Staphylococcal Lymphadenitis. , Facial Lacerations -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading -- 8 Oral fungal infections -- Pathogenic Candida Species -- Candida Virulence Factors -- Adherence -- Morphology -- Phenotypic Switching -- Hydrolytic Enzymes -- Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases -- Phospholipases -- Oral Candidosis -- Pseudomembranous Candidosis -- Acute Erythematous Candidosis -- Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis -- Chronic Erythematous Candidosis -- Other Secondary Forms of Oral Candidosis -- Angular Cheilitis -- Median Rhomboid Glossitis -- Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidosis -- Host Response to Oral Candidosis -- Diagnosis of Oral Candidosis -- Isolation of Candida from the Oral Cavity -- Management of Oral Candidosis -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading -- 9 Orofacial viral infections -- Diagnosis of Viral Disease -- Management of Viral Infections -- Herpes Viruses -- Herpes Simplex Type 1 -- Primary infection -- Secondary infection -- Herpes Simplex Type 2 -- Varicella Zoster Virus -- Primary infection -- Secondary infection -- Epstein-Barr Virus -- Infectious mononucleosis -- Hairy leukoplakia -- Burkitt lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma -- Human Cytomegalovirus -- Human Herpes Virus 6 -- Human Herpes Virus 7 -- Human Herpes Virus 8 -- Coxsackie Viruses -- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease -- Herpangina -- Human Papilloma Viruses -- Verruca Vulgaris -- Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia (Heck's Disease) -- Oropharyngeal Carcinoma -- Paramyxoviruses -- Mumps -- Measles -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading -- 10 Antimicrobial agents -- Antimicrobial Therapy -- Antibacterial Agents -- Antibacterials in Orofacial Infection -- Penicillins. -- β-Lactamase Inhibitors. -- Cephalosporins. -- Macrolides. -- Metronidazole. -- Tetracyclines. -- Clindamycin. -- Fusidic Acid. , Principles of Antibacterial Therapy -- Antifungal Agents -- Polyene Antifungals -- Azole Antifungals -- 5-Flucytosine -- Future Strategies for Anticandidal Therapy -- Antiviral Agents -- Antimicrobial Resistance -- Antimicrobial Stewardship -- Antimicrobial Prophylaxis -- Postoperative Infection -- How Does Presurgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Work? -- Timing of Antimicrobial Propylaxis -- Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Oral Surgery -- Third Molar Surgery -- Joint Replacements -- Dental Implants -- Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Against Infective Endocarditis -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading -- 11 Oral microbiota and systemic disease -- Systemic Effects on Oral Microbiota -- Immune System -- General Debilitation -- Stroke and Parkinson disease -- Staphylococcal mucositis -- Nutrition -- Anaemia -- Malignancy -- Osteoradionecrosis -- Postirradiation mucositis -- Xerostomia -- Medications -- Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw -- Influence of Oral Microbiota on Systemic Disease -- Cardiovascular Disease -- Infective endocarditis -- Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease -- Respiratory Disease -- Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes -- Diabetes -- Rheumatoid Arthritis -- Cancer -- Oral Manifestations of Systemic Infection -- Tuberculosis -- Gonorrhoea -- Syphilis -- Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome -- Microorganisms of Relevance to Infection Control in Dentistry -- Hepatitis B -- Hepatitis C -- Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies -- Other Microorganisms of Significance -- Chapter Summary -- Multiple Choice Questions -- Further reading -- 12 Infection control -- Importance of Infection Control in Dentistry -- Which Infectious Diseases are Transmitted by Dentistry? -- Routes of Transmission -- Breaking the Chain of Infection -- Personal Protection -- Immunisation -- Hand Protection. , Gloves.