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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terminal Autoreceptor Control of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Release as Measured by In Vivo Microdialysis in the Conscious Guinea-Pig (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In vivo microdialysis in the frontal cortex of the freely moving guinea-pig was used to measure extracellular 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and study terminal autoreceptor control of its release. The indoleamine levels were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Release of extracellular 5-HT and, to a lesser extent, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was sensitive to tetrodotoxin, confirming the neuronal origin of measured neurotransmitter levels. Both systemic and local administration of the 5-HT1 agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine caused inhibition of extracellular 5-HT levels, confirming the regulatory role of the terminal, and possibly also the somatodendritic, 5-HT autoreceptor on neuronal 5-HT release. Levels of extracellular 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were not affected by 5-carboxamidotryptamine following either central or peripheral administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09289.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thyrotrophin-Releasing Hormone Analogues Increase Dopamine Release from Slices of Rat Brain (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 39 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Rat brain slices were incubated with a high concentration of K+, thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), or one of two biologically stable TRH analogues (CG 3509 or RX 77368). Basal release of endogenous dopamine, measured by electrochemical detection, was increased by K+ (30 mM) from slices of hypothalamus, septum, nucleus accumbens, and striatum. CG 3509 (105–10−3M) increased the release of dopamine from slices of nucleus accumbens, septum, and hypothalamus in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas RX 77368 (10−4M) increased the release of dopamine from the septum only. Neither analogue increased the release of striatal dopamine. The results provide further evidence for specific regional interactions between TRH and dopamine in rat brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb08018.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Isolation-Rearing on Conditioned Dopamine Release In Vivo in the Nucleus Accumbens of the Rat (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Intracerebral microdialysis in conjunction with HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection was used to investigate the effect of isolation-rearing in the rat on extracellular dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in vivo, in the shell region of the nucleus accumbens, in response to footshock and in relation to a conditioned emotional response. Male Lister hooded rats were reared from weaning for 6–8 weeks in either social isolation or groups of five. In the training phase, rats were exposed to a novel environment for 10 min where they experienced mild footshock. Footshock caused an immediate increase in basal extracellular DA levels in both rearing groups relative to control rats. However, the increase in extracellular DA was prolonged in the case of the isolation-reared rats and significantly greater than in group-reared rats. Exposure to the novel environment without shock (control groups) did not significantly alter basal extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens shell; 140 min later rats were returned to the testing box (contextual stimulus) without receiving footshock. The contextual stimulus increased basal extracellular DA in the nucleus accumbens of both groups of rats with respect to controls; however, this increase was significantly greater and more prolonged in isolates. Extracellular levels of the metabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid did not differ between isolation- and group-reared rats, and they were not significantly affected by either footshock or the contextual stimulus. These results suggest that exposure to footshock and a contextual stimulus are associated with increases in basal extracellular DA levels in the nucleus accumbens shell. The results also support evidence in favour of an isolation-induced enhancement in dopaminergic activity in the nucleus accumbens, which probably underlies aspects of the behavioural syndrome associated with isolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70010384.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of Inositol Phosphate Export from Neuronal Tissue In Vitro (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 69 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Recent in vivo microdialysis studies have demonstrated the presence of extracellular levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] that can be increased in a concentration-dependent manner by muscarinic receptor activation. The aim of the present study was to determine whether extracellular levels of Ins(1,4,5)P3 could be measured in vitro. Despite rapid increases in internal Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels after stimulation with 1 mM carbachol, there was no change in external levels in both rat brain cortical slices and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Suprafusion of myo-[3H]inositol-prelabelled hippocampal slices with 1 mM carbachol caused an increase in 3H-inositol phosphates over basal levels in the perfusate after 10 min, reaching a peak (223 ± 56% of basal) 20 min after suprafusion with carbachol was started. This response to carbachol was potentiated in the presence of 30 mM K+. Analysis of the individual 3H-inositol phosphates in the perfusate revealed that levels of [3H]inositol monophosphate, [3H]inositol bisphosphate, [3H]inositol trisphosphate, and [3H]inositol tetrakisphosphate were all significantly increased. A similar increase in extracellular 3H-inositol phosphates was demonstrated in SH-SY5Y cells incubated with 1 mM carbachol for 30 min. This response was again enhanced by 30 mM K+, although the intracellular response was not potentiated. Possible roles for extracellular inositol phosphates are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69031291.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological Manipulation of the Serotoninergic Input to the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus—An Insight into the Control of Circadian Rhythms (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 473 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb23655.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonism of the interleukin-1 receptor following traumatic brain injury in the mouse reduces the number of nitric oxide synthase-2-positive cells and improves anatomical and functional outcomes (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin (IL)-1β plays an important role in the inflammatory response that results from traumatic brain injury and antagonism of the actions of this cytokine can affect outcome. We subjected male mice to aseptic cryogenic injury and assessed recovery through anatomical, histological and functional measures following treatment with recombinant mouse IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). A single dose (1 µg, i.c.v.) at the time of injury reduced lesion volume 3 days later, as assessed by Nissl staining, and also the number (30%) of FluoroJade-positive degenerating neurones. Mice treated with IL-1ra performed better on the beam balance and in the grid test as compared with vehicle-treated animals. Furthermore, IL-1ra-treated animals showed fewer (40%) nitric oxide synthase-2-positive cells in and around the lesion. These data suggest that activation of the IL-1 receptor following trauma contributes to the pathology and that antagonism can reduce both anatomical and functional consequences of neuroinflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04221.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repeated sensory contact with aggressive mice rapidly leads to an anticipatory increase in core body temperature and physical activity that precedes the onset of aversive responding (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study investigated whether the ‘psychological threat’ induced by sensory contact with an aggressive conspecific would be a sufficient factor in inducing behavioural and physiological disturbances. Repeated sensory contact with an aggressive mouse (social threat) in a partitioned cage was compared with repeated exposure to a novel partitioned cage in male NMRI mice. We first examined parameters of stress responsiveness (body weight, plasma corticosterone levels, frequency of self-grooming and defecation). The temperature and physical activity responses to stress were also recorded during and after the 4 weeks of stress using radiotelemetry. Finally, cognitivo-emotional performance was assessed after acute stress and 2 and 4 weeks of stress by measuring decision making, sequential alternation performance and behaviour in the elevated T-maze. Social threat had a greater impact than novel cage exposure on most parameters of stress responsiveness, although mice did not habituate to either stressor. Social threat rapidly led to an anticipatory rise in core body temperature and physical activity before the scheduled stress sessions. Such anticipation developed within the first week and persisted for 9 days after ending the stress procedure. Some memory impairment in the sequential alternation test was found in stressed mice, independent of the stressor. After 4 weeks of stress, inhibitory avoidance in the elevated T-maze was enhanced in socially stressed mice and reduced in novel cage mice. The sustained anticipation of stress in the social threat group preceded aversive responding. It remains to be established whether anticipation contributes to the development of aversive responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03549.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The neuroprotective effect of progesterone after traumatic brain injury in male mice is independent of both the inflammatory response and growth factor expression (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies suggest that progesterone may possess neuroprotective properties after traumatic insult but, with the exception of reduced formation of cerebral oedema, limited experimental evidence has been presented to support this claim. In the present study we focused on the effect of progesterone treatment on structural and functional deficits in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury. Female mice exhibited significantly (P = 0.0445) reduced lesion volumes compared with males after aseptic cryogenic cerebral injury (ACI), suggesting that female sex steroids provide protection against this injury. In male mice, progesterone treatment after injury (three intraperitoneal doses of 8 mg/kg) reduced lesion volume (P = 0.0429) and improved performance in a spatial cognitive task (Morris water maze; P = 0.0014). However, progesterone had no demonstrable effect on the formation of oedema as measured using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, nor did it affect brain water content. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, and growth factors BDNF and G-CSF, were all strongly transcriptionally activated after ACI. However, progesterone administration did not affect expression of these genes. This study provides strong evidence that progesterone possesses neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury, but suggests that the steroid achieves this effect through mechanism(s) independent of the inflammatory response or growth factor up-regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03995.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRH-Catecholamine Interactions in Brain and Spinal Cord (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 553 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb54480.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation of chemically induced defence response by 5-HT1 receptor agonists administered into the periaqueductal gray (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 108 (1992), S. 110-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Excitatory amino acid ; Serotonin ; Aversion ; Periaqueductal gray ; 5-HT1A receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ability of 5-HT1 receptor agonists to modulate a chemically induced defence response has been studied in Lister hooded rats. Microinjections of the excitatory amino acidd,l-homocysteic acid (DLH) in both rostral and caudal dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) caused explosive motor behaviour characteristic of defence. This behaviour was quantified in terms of response duration, arena revolutions and number of defensive jumps. Direct administration into the PAG of either 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) or 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OHDPAT) produced behaviours (decreased exploratory rearing, dose related onset of flat body posture) indicative of 5-HT1A receptor activation. Pretreatment with either 5-CT or 8-OHDPAT directly in the PAG caused a significant attenuation, and in some cases a complete abolition, of the DLH evoked response. These agonists share high affinity in vitro for the 5-HT1A receptor. Thus the results suggest that in vivo activation of 5-HT1A receptors mediates an antiaversive reponse with respect to defensive behaviour elicited by specific chemical stimulation of the dorsal PAG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245294
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