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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The katE gene, which encodes the catalase HPII of Mycobacterium avium (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellular disease is a prevalent opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). These pathogens are generally resistant to isoniazid (INH), a powerful antituberculosis drug. It is now generally accepted that the INH susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis results from the transformation of the drug into a toxic derivative, as a result of the action of the enzyme catalase-peroxidase (HPI), encoded by the katG gene. It has been speculated that the presence of a second catalase (HPII) in some mycobacterial species, but lacking in M. tuberculosis, may impair the action of INH. In this report, the nucleotide sequence of the M. avium katE gene, encoding catalase HPII, is described. This enzyme shows strong similarity to Escherichia coli catalase HPII and eukaryotic catalases. All amino acids previously postulated as participating directly in catalysis by liver catalase and most of the amino acids binding the prosthetic group are conserved in M. avium catalase HPII. The enzyme is expressed in E. coli and is inhibited by 3-amino -l,2,4 triazole (AT). Furthermore, Southern blot hybridizations and polymerase chain reaction experiments demonstrate the distribution of katE gene in several mycobacterial species.To evaluate the potentially antagonistic effect of HPII catalase on INH susceptibility, the katE gene was transformed into M. tuberculosis H37Rv and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for INH was determined. Despite strong expression of the katEgene, no change in MIC was observed, thus ruling out a possible contribution of this enzyme to the natural resistance of M. avium to the drug.The availability of the gene probe, encoding the second mycobacterial catalase HPII, should open the way for the development of new drugs and diagnostic tests to combat drug-resistant pathogen strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.352876.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appropriateness and diagnostic yield of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in an open-access endoscopy system: a prospective observational study based on the Maastricht guidelines (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To test the appropriateness of referrals for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Campania, Italy, using the criteria of the Maastricht Consensus.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Patients:Patients undergoing endoscopy during a 1-week period in 21 Endoscopy Services were considered prospectively. The reasons for endoscopy were dyspeptic symptoms, history of peptic ulcer and assessment after treatment. The age, sex, symptoms, history of peptic ulcer (previous endoscopic or radiographic examinations and treatment), endoscopic diagnosis and H. pylori status were recorded. The indications for endoscopy were evaluated according to the Maastricht guidelines.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Two hundred and sixteen of 706 patients presented with reflux symptoms, 430 with dyspeptic symptoms, 38 with alarm symptoms and 22 with atypical symptoms. Endoscopy was normal in 376 cases (53.2%); duodenal ulcer was found in 219, gastric ulcer in 45, oesophagitis in 82 and gastric cancer in six. All patients with cancer were older than 45 years, and four presented with alarm symptoms. In 398 cases (56%), endoscopy was considered not to be indicated: 250 patients with a previous diagnosis of ulcer without a change in symptoms, 38 patients in order to confirm eradication and 110 patients younger than 45 years with dyspepsia without alarm symptoms.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:A large number of endoscopic examinations could be avoided by following the guidelines of the Maastricht Consensus. In order to reduce endoscopic workload, strategies for educating physicians should be pursued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01136.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution structure of a biological bimolecular electron transfer complex: characterization of the photosynthetic reaction center-cytochrome c2 protein complex by small angle neutron scattering (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 560-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structures of kinetically distinct electron transfer complexes formed between the photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides R-26, and a water-soluble cytochrome c2 were characterized using small angle neutron scattering, SANS. Reaction center-cytochrome c2 complexes, RC-C, exhibiting predominately single exponential electron transfer kinetics were found to be 1:1 molar complexes, consistent with a low resolution, co-crystal, x-ray structure (Adir et al., 1996), provided that the cofactor separation was adjusted to 14 ± 3 Å. Other RC-C configurations are consistent with SANS data, but are distinguishable by cofactor separation. RC-C preparations exhibiting more complex kinetics were found to have a particle volume markedly greater than that of a 1:1 complex. These results suggest that RC aggregation is associated with the variation in kinetics reported in the literature, and provide evidence that the model for the 1:1 complex in co-crystals is relevant to the solution environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889800099891
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotator cuff strain: a post-traumatic mimicker of tendonitis on MRI (1996)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 25 (1996), S. 555-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Rotator cuff ; Rotator cuff tears ; Shoulder ; Trauma ; Tendonitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To determine whether there is a subset of young patients (〈35 years) with acute, post-traumatic insults to the rotator cuff which mimic the early stages of impingement. Design and patients. One hundred and ninety-seven consecutive shoulder MR images were retrospectively reviewed, and the results of 83 clinically correlated. Two observers independently evaluated the location of intra-tendon signal and adjacent bone marrow abnormalities on T1- and T2-weighted images. These findings were correlated with age, history of trauma, and surgical or clinical follow-ups. Results. Patients younger than 35 years had signal intensity that was more localized in atypical locations (posterior aspect of the supraspinatus tendon), more commonly associated with marrow abnormalities (presumed bone bruise), and more often associated with trauma. Younger patients also were less likely to require surgery, especially if they showed bone bruises. This differentiated them from older patients (〉45 years), who demonstrated more widespread signal within the tendon, rare bone bruises, and more frequent surgery. Conclusions. Localized tendon signal in atypical locations of the supraspinatus tendon, particularly when associated with bone bruise and young age, suggests the possibility of a post-traumatic strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050134
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  • 5
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    Genomic Epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Italy and Novel Insights into the Origin and Global Evolution of Its Resistance to Carbapenem Antibiotics [Epidemiology and Surveillance] (2014)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-24
    Description: Klebsiella pneumoniae is at the forefront of antimicrobial resistance for Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, as strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems are widely reported. The worldwide diffusion of these strains is of great concern due to the high morbidity and mortality often associated with K. pneumoniae infections in nosocomial environments. We sequenced the genomes of 89 K. pneumoniae strains isolated in six Italian hospitals. Strains were selected based on antibiotypes, regardless of multilocus sequence type, to obtain a picture of the epidemiology of K. pneumoniae in Italy. Thirty-one strains were carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae carbapenemase producers, 29 were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, and 29 were susceptible to the aforementioned antibiotics. The genomes were compared to all of the sequences available in the databases, obtaining a data set of 319 genomes spanning the known diversity of K. pneumoniae worldwide. Bioinformatic analyses of this global data set allowed us to construct a whole-species phylogeny, to detect patterns of antibiotic resistance distribution, and to date the differentiation between specific clades of interest. Finally, we detected an ~1.3-Mb recombination that characterizes all of the isolates of clonal complex 258, the most widespread carbapenem-resistant group of K. pneumoniae . The evolution of this complex was modeled, dating the newly detected and the previously reported recombination events. The present study contributes to the understanding of K. pneumoniae evolution, providing novel insights into its global genomic characteristics and drawing a dated epidemiological scenario for this pathogen in Italy.
    Print ISSN: 0066-4804
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-6596
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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