Note: Beitr. überw. dt., teilw. engl.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- The Role of Metals and Ligands in Organic Hydroformylation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Transition Metals Effect in Hydroformylation -- 2.1 Rhodium -- 2.2 Cobalt -- 2.3 Ruthenium -- 2.4 Platinum -- 2.5 Other Metals -- 2.5.1 Palladium -- 2.5.2 Iridium -- 2.5.3 Nickel -- 2.5.4 Manganese -- 2.5.5 Molybdenum -- 2.6 Bimetallic Systems -- 3 Controlling the Regio- and Enantioselectivities -- 3.1 General Considerations -- 3.2 Linear Selective Hydroformylation -- 3.2.1 Bulkiness as a Paradigm -- 3.2.2 Hegemony of Biphephos and Xantphos Ligands -- 3.2.3 Other Ligands -- 3.2.4 The Supramolecular Approach -- 3.3 Branched Selective Hydroformylation -- 3.3.1 A Challenging Task -- 3.3.2 Phosphines, Phosphites, and Derivatives -- Biphosphine Ligands -- Phosphite Ligands -- Phosphite-Phosphine Ligands -- Bisphospholane Ligands -- Other Ligands -- 3.3.3 Directing Groups -- 4 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- Hydroformylation in Aqueous Biphasic Media Assisted by Molecular Receptors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cyclodextrins as Molecular Receptors -- 2.1 Cyclodextrins: A Short Description -- 2.2 CD/TPPTS Combination -- 2.2.1 Effect of Modified Cyclodextrins upon Catalytic Activity -- 2.2.2 Cyclodextrin-Based Polymers for Long Alkyl Chain Olefins -- 2.2.3 Cyclodextrin-Mediated Interfacial Catalysis -- 2.2.4 Influence of the TPPTS Concentration -- 2.2.5 The Case of Modified α-CDs -- 2.2.6 Effect of Chemically Modified Cyclodextrins on Regioselectivity -- 2.2.7 Effect of Chemically Modified Cyclodextrins on Chemoselectivity -- 2.3 CDs and Other Water-Soluble Ligands -- 2.3.1 Non-amphiphilic Ligands -- 2.3.2 Amphiphilic Ligands -- 3 Calixarenes as Molecular Receptors -- 3.1 Calixarenes: A Short Description -- 3.2 Functionalized Calix[n]arenes as Molecular Receptors -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Asymmetric Hydroformylation. , 1 Introduction -- 2 Rh-Catalyzed Hydroformylation Mechanism -- 3 Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Monosubstituted Alkenes -- 3.1 1,3-Diphosphite Ligands -- 3.2 Phosphine-Phosphite Ligands -- 3.3 Bisphospholane Ligands -- 3.4 Bis-Phosphonite Ligands -- 3.5 Phosphite-Phospholane Ligands -- 3.6 Monodentate Phosphorus-Based Ligands -- 4 Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Disubstituted Alkenes -- 4.1 Linear 1,2-Disubstituted Alkenes -- 4.2 Monocyclic 1,2-Disubstituted Alkenes -- 4.3 Bicyclic 1,2-Disubstituted Alkenes -- 4.4 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes -- 4.5 Other Substrates -- 4.5.1 α,beta-Unsaturated Amides, 1,3-Dienes, N-Vinyl Carboxamides, Allyl Carbamates, and Allyl Ethers -- 4.5.2 Scaffolding Ligands -- 5 Heterogenized Catalytic Systems for Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Alkenes -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Domino Reactions Triggered by Hydroformylation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Tandem Hydroformylation in the Presence of N-Nucleophiles -- 2.1 Hydroaminomethylation (HAM) -- 2.1.1 Intramolecular HAM -- 2.2 Cyclohydrocarbonylation (CHC) -- 3 Domino HF/Reductions -- 4 Tandem HF in the Presence of O-Nucleophiles -- 5 HF Domino with Organocatalytic Process -- 6 Microwave Assisted HF Domino Protocols -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation in Fused Azapolycycles Synthesis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Single Cyclization: Six-Membered Ring Formation via C,C-Bond of oxo Aldehydes -- 2.1 From N-Allylpyrroles: Formation of Dihydroindolizines and Tetrahydroindolizines -- 2.2 From N-Allylindoles: Formation of Benzofused Dihydroindolizines -- Hydroformylation of N-Allyl-Pyrroles and/or Indoles with Rh4(CO)12: Typical Procedure -- 3 Single Cyclization: Six-/Seven-Membered Ring Formation via C,N-Bond of oxo Aldehydes -- 3.1 On Isopropenylanilines: Formation of Tetrahydroquinolines. , 3.2 On 2-(Prop-1-en-2-yl)benzylamines: Preparation of Benzazepines -- 3.3 On Allylanilines: Formation of Tetrahydroquinolines and/or Benzazepines -- 3.4 On Homoallylpiperidines: Formation of Quinolizidines -- 4 Double Cyclization -- 4.1 Six/Six-Membered Rings Formation via Additional C-N Bond -- 4.1.1 On an Allyldiamine -- Hydroformylation Under Microwaves Conditions: Typical Experiment -- 4.1.2 On Unsaturated Dipeptide Derivatives -- Cyclohydrocarbonylation: Typical Procedure -- 5 Double Cyclization: Six/Six- and/or Six/Five-Membered Rings Formation via Additional C-C Bond -- 5.1 On N-Allylic Amides of Arylacetic Acids -- 5.2 On Vinylacetamides -- 5.3 On Allylsilanes -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Hydroformylation in Natural Product Synthesis -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Synthesis of Aldehydes as Intermediates for Natural Product Synthesis -- 2.1 Applications of Diastereoselective Hydroformylation -- 2.2 Asymmetric Hydroformylation Using Ligand Controls -- 2.3 Hydroformylation of Dienes -- 3 Tetrahydropyran Synthesis -- 4 Tetrahydrofuran Synthesis -- 5 Alkaloid Synthesis Using Hydroformylation -- 6 Tandem Hydroformylation Processes for Alkaloid Synthesis -- 6.1 Nitrogen Nucleophiles -- 6.2 Carbon Nucleophiles -- 7 Summary, Conclusions, Outlook -- References -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Evolutionary Origins and Early Development of Number Processing -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- References -- Preface -- Part I: Number and Magnitude in Non-Human Animals -- Chapter 1: At the Root of Math: Numerical Abilities in Fish -- Introduction -- Overview -- Problems and Methods of Study -- Methodologies Adopted -- Spontaneous Choice Tests -- Training Procedure -- Number vs. Continuous Quantities: Is Number More Cognitively Demanding? -- One or Multiple Systems of Numerical Representation? -- Ontogeny of Numerical Abilities -- Similarities in Numerical Abilities among Fish and between Fish and Other Vertebrates -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2: Foundations of Number and Space Representations in Non-Human Species -- Introduction -- Core Knowledge of Objects -- Core Knowledge of Number -- Core Knowledge of Geometry -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Numerical Concepts: Grey Parrot Capacities -- Introduction -- Alex's Non-numerical Capacities -- Alex's Early Numerical Abilities -- Training and Testing Methods -- Labeling of Basic Quantities and Simple Heterogeneous Sets -- Complex Heterogeneous Sets -- Alex's More Advanced Numerical Abilities -- Number Comprehension -- Use of ``None´´ -- Addition of Small Quantities -- Ordinality and Equivalence -- An Exact Integer System -- The Final Study -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Numerical Cognition and Quantitative Abilities in Nonhuman Primates -- Introduction -- The Question of Animal Counting -- Relative Quantity Judgments -- Ordinality Judgments -- Quantity Illusions -- Mechanisms for Representing Quantity and Number -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part II: Number and Magnitude in Infants and Young Children. , Chapter 5: Evolutionary and Developmental Continuities in Numerical Cognition -- Introduction -- Cross-Species Comparisons -- Numerical Representations in Infancy -- Malleability -- Causal Relation Between ANS Acuity and Mathematics -- Applications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: On the Relation between Numerical and Non-Numerical Magnitudes: Evidence for a General Magnitude System -- Introduction -- Analog Format for Number and Other Magnitudes -- A General Magnitude System: Three Types of Supporting Evidence -- Cross-Magnitude Interactions -- Correlations in Precision of Numerical and Non-Numerical Representations -- Training and Transfer -- Potential Neural Mechanisms -- Do Mathematical Concepts Have a Basis in Nonsymbolic Magnitudes? -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Foundations of the Formal Number Concept: How Preverbal Mechanisms Contribute to the Development of Cardinal Kn ... -- Introduction -- Two Core Mechanisms for Representing Number -- System 1: Analog Magnitude System (ANS) -- System 2: Object Tracking System (OTS) -- ``Number Concept´´ Defined -- Does the ANS and/or OTS Measure Up? -- Abstract Representations -- Cardinality -- Ordinality -- Arithmetic -- Foundations of the Formal Number Concept -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Intuitive Nonsymbolic Arithmetic -- Introduction -- Ordering Magnitudes -- Adding and Subtracting Nonsymbolic Magnitudes -- Multiplication and Division of Nonsymbolic Quantity -- Ratio and Proportion Tasks -- Serial Multiplication and Division in Infants and Children -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Analog Origins of Numerical Concepts -- Introduction -- The Analog Number System -- Representation -- Comparison -- Arithmetic -- Neural Basis of Analog Number -- Analog Origins of Number Symbols -- Neural Substrate of Human Number Symbols. , The Analog System and Formal Mathematics Achievement -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10: The Small-Large Divide: A Case of Incompatible Numerical Representations in Infancy -- Introduction -- Distinct Systems of Representation: Evidence of Continuity across Development and Phylogeny -- Evidence for Two Systems in Infancy -- Small versus Small Discriminations -- The Small-Large Divide -- Tracking Small Sets with the ANS: Exceptions to the Rule -- Signal Clarity of the ANS -- Taxed Working Memory -- Overcoming the Small-Large Divide -- Children's Acquisition of Numerical Language -- Increasing Precision in the ANS across Development -- Open Questions and Future Directions -- What Parameters Help Infants Succeed at Small-Large Comparisons? -- Is the Small-Large Incompatibility Receptive to Feedback or Training? -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11: The Influence of Multisensory Cues on Representation of Quantity in Children -- Introduction -- Representation of Number without Language -- Development of Intersensory Integration -- Beneficial Effects of Multisensory Stimulation on Cognition and Learning -- Does Multisensory Information Improve Numerical Abilities? -- How Does Multisensory Information Improve Numerical Competence? -- Unanswered Questions and Future Directions -- Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Number Judgments: Theoretical Perspectives and Evolutionary Foundations -- Chapter 12: The Precision and Internal Confidence of Our Approximate Number Thoughts -- Introduction -- Behavioral and Neural Signatures of the ANS -- A Psychophysical Model for ANS Representations -- How to Think of a Weber Fraction (w) in the Approximate Number System (ANS) -- The Weber Fraction Is Not a Just Noticeable Difference (JND) -- The Weber Fraction Is Not the Smallest Discriminable Ratio. , The Weber Fraction Is Not the Midpoint between Subjective Equality and Asymptotic Performance -- Weber Fraction Conceptualized as a Scaling Factor -- Meet Justin The Rat -- How a Weber Fraction (w) Indexes Individual Differences in ANS Precision -- The Relation between the Weber Fraction and Internal Confidence -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: The Evolution of Number Systems -- Introduction -- The Evolutionary Functions of Number Sense in Nonhuman Species -- Foraging -- Mating -- Quantitative Processing in the Evolution of Human Decision Making -- The Evolutionary Emergence of Symbolic Representation -- The Evolution of Numerical Heuristics and Decision Making -- From Continuous Magnitude Perception to Discrete Numerical Representation -- From Approximation to Numerical Thinking -- Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Bibliographie S. 248-251

Note: Aus d. Engl. übers , Literaturverz. S. 157 - 158

Note: Lizenz d. Europa-Verl., Wien

Note: Literaturverz. S. 297 - 302

Note: Front Cover -- Caribbean Basins -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES -- DEDICATION TO W.A. VAN DEN BOLD -- PREFACE TO THE VOLUME -- REVIEWERS -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- Part 1: Tectonic setting of Caribbean basins -- Chapter 1. CARIBBEAN SEDIMENTARY BASINS: CLASSIFICATION AND TECTONIC SETTING FROM JURASSIC TO PRESENT -- Introduction -- Active tectonic setting of Caribbean sedimentary basins -- Major crustal provinces of the Caribbean region -- Previous classifications and regional studies of Caribbean sedimentary basins -- Basin classification used in this overview -- Use of gravity maps to illustrate Caribbean sedimentary basins -- Basins and major tectonic features associated with the Middle America trench, arc, and back-arc (western Caribbean) -- Basins and major tectonic features associated with the North America-Caribbean plate boundary (northern Caribbean) -- Basins and major tectonic features associated with the Lesser Antilles trench, arc, and back-arc (eastern Caribbean) -- Basins and major tectonic features associated with the South America-Caribbean plate boundary (southern Caribbean) -- Basins and major tectonic features associated with the Panama arc-southwestern Caribbean collisional zone (southwestern Caribbean) -- Basins and major tectonic features associated with the central Caribbean plate -- Tectonic evolution of the Caribbean plate and its sedimentary basins -- Main phases of Caribbean basin development within the framework of North America-South America relative motion history -- Future work on Caribbean sedimentary basins -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2. NEW CONSTRAINTS ON THE LATE CRETACEOUS/TERTIARY PLATE TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE CARIBBEAN -- Introduction -- Data -- Reconstruction method -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References. , Part 2: Jurassic-Recent basins of the northern Caribbean, the Gulf of Mexico, and Mexico related to rifting between North and South America -- Chapter 3. JURASSIC-EARLY CRETACEOUS TECTONO- PALEOGEOGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO BASIN -- Introduction -- Physiographic/geologic setting -- Regional tectonic framework -- Reflection seismic data -- DSDP Leg 77 Results -- Previous seismic stratigraphic studies -- Tectono-stratigraphic framework -- Tectono-paleogeographic evolution of the southeastern Gulf of Mexico basin and surrounding regions -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 4. THE EXPOSED PASSIVE MARGIN OFNORTH AMERICA IN WESTERN CUBA -- Introduction -- Tectonic setting -- Outline of stratigraphy -- Jurassic to Early Paleocene evolution of the passive margin in western Cuba -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5. STRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FOR NORTHWEST TO SOUTHEAST TECTONIC TRANSPORT OF JURASSIC TERRANES IN CENTRAL MEXICO AND THE CARIBBEAN (WESTERN CUBA) -- Introduction -- Importance of faunal and floral data in paleogeographic reconstructions -- Radiolarian paleolatitudinal model -- Paleolatitudinal reconstructions using multiple criteria -- Criticism of the model of Pessagno and Blome (1986) by Hagstrum and Murchey (1996) -- Remnants of the San Pedro del Gallo terrane -- Analyses of San Pedro del Gallo terrane remnants -- Analysis of previously described terranes in Mexico: validity of Maya, Guachichil, Tepehuao, and Coahuiltecano terranes of Sedlock et al. (1993) -- Comparison of paleobathymetry in the San Pedro del Gallo terrane (SPG) and the adjacent Coahuiltecano (COAH) terrane -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 6. CRETACEOUS CARBONATE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTS IN HONDURAS -- Introduction -- Stratigraphy -- Paleoenvironments -- Summary -- References. , Chapter 7. JURASSIC-CENOZOIC STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF THE SOUTHERN GREAT BAHAMA BANK -- Introduction -- Seismic reflection data -- Gravity data -- Structural analysis -- Structural interpretation -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 3: Cenozoic basins of the northern Caribbean related to arc, collisional and strike-slip activity -- Chapter 8. DEFORMATION HISTORY OF ROATÁN ISLAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE TELA BASIN (HONDURAS) -- Introduction -- Regional geology and tectonics -- Structural geology of Roatan island -- Summary and conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 9. THE SOUTHERN FLANK OF THE TELA BASIN, REPUBLIC OF HONDURAS -- Introduction -- The north coast: physiography and access -- Principal features of the strike-slip margin -- The Aguáin beds: possible tertiary marine sediments -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix -- References -- Chapter 10. CRETACEOUS MICROFAUNAS OF THE BLUE MOUNTAINS, JAMAICA, AND OF THE NORTHERN AND CENTRAL BASEMENT COMPLEXES OF HISPANIOLA -- Introduction -- Microfaunas and ages -- Microfaunas of the Dominican Republic -- Significance of the Dominican Republic microfaunas -- Microfaunas of Jamaica -- Significance of the Jamaican microfaunas -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 11. CENOZOIC EL MAMEY GROUP OF NORTHERN HISPANIOLA: A SEDIMENTARY RECORD OF SUBDUCTION, COLLISIONAL AND STRIKE-SLIP EVENTS WITHIN THE NORTH AMERICA-CARIBBEAN PLATE BOUNDARY ZONE -- Introduction -- Tectonic setting of the Cordillera Septentrional -- Geologic setting of the Cordillera Septentrional -- Previous work and stratigraphic framework of the central Cordillera Septentrional -- Stratigraphy of the Altamira block -- Stratigraphy of the La Toca block -- Paleocurrents from the El Mamey Group -- Sandstone petrography of the El Mamey Group -- Discussion -- Conclusions. , Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 12. TECTONIC AND EUSTATIC CONTROLS ON NEOGENE EVAPORITIC AND SILICICLASTIC DEPOSITION IN THE ENRIQUILLO BASIN, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC -- Introduction -- Objectives and methods of this study -- Tectonic and geologic setting of the Enriquillo basin -- Methods -- Geology of the basin center inferred from interpretation of multi-channel seismic lines tied to wells -- Stratigraphy and micropaleontology of the Charco Largo-1 well -- Surface geology of the Loma de Sal y Yeso area and stratigraphic correlation with the Charco Largo-1 well -- Surface geology of the northeastern margin of the Enriquillo basin -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 13. EVOLUTION OF THE NEOGENE KINGSHILL BASIN OF ST. CROIX, U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS -- Introduction and geologic setting -- Stratigraphy and depositional setting of the Neogene formations of the Kingshill basin -- Evolution of the Kingshill basin -- Tectonic evolution of St. Croix and the northeastern Caribbean -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 4: Cenozoic basins of the eastern Caribbean and Lesser Antilles arc system -- Chapter 14. REVIEW OF THE TECTONIC CONTROLS AND SEDIMENTARY PATTERNS IN LATE NEOGENE PIGGYBACK BASINS ON THE BARBADOS RIDGE COMPLEX -- Introduction -- Geologic setting -- Frontal basins -- Arcward basins -- Piggyback basins and large scale evolution of the wedge -- Piggyback basins of the Barbados ridge complex compared to other piggyback basins -- Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 15. TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE GRENADA BASIN -- Introduction -- Models for the formation of the Grenada basin -- Data base -- Tectonics of back-arc basins -- Regional setting -- Interpretation -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Part 5: Jurassic-Recent basins of the southern Caribbean. , Chapter 16. SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE EASTERN VENEZUELAN BASIN -- Introduction -- Purpose of the study -- Data base -- A review of past work -- Regional transects across the Eastern Venezuelan Basin -- Stratigraphic overview -- The basement -- Pre-Cretaceous stratigraphy (pre-rift and rift phase) -- The Cretaceous-Paleogene (passive margin phase) -- The Neogene (foredeep phase) -- Tertiary paleogeography of eastern Venezuela -- Discussion of the chronostratigraphic model -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 17. STRUCTURE OF THE GULF OF PARIA PULL-APART BASIN (EASTERN VENEZUELA-TRINIDAD) -- Regional setting -- Stratigraphy of the Gulf of Paria -- Structure -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 18. STRUCTURAL AND SEDIMENTARY DEVELOPMENT OF A NEOGENE TRANSPRESSIONAL PLATE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE CARIBBEAN AND SOUTH AMERICA PLATES IN TRINIDAD AND THE GULF OF PARIA -- Introduction -- Tectonic and geologic setting of Trinidad -- Regional geologic setting of northern South America and Trinidad -- Summary of previous tectonic models for Trinidad -- Data used in this study of the Gulf of Paria and Northern basin, Trinidad -- Major sub-basins and highs of the Gulf of Paria and western part of the Northern basin -- Previous lithostratigraphic studies of the Gulf of Paria and Northern basin -- Seismic reflection definition and geologic correlation of late Miocene to Pleistocene sequences 3-5 in the Gulf of Paria and Northern basins -- Integration of sequence identification with structural mapping -- Structural styles and geomorphic expression of the El Pilar fault zone -- Structural style of oblique slip faults in the Gulf of Paria -- Structural styles and geomorphic expression of the Warm Springs-Central Range fault zone -- Structural styles and age of deformation in the Southern basin -- Discussion. , Conclusions.

Note: Spectroscropic Properties Of Inorganic And Organometallic Compounds -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Stereochemistry -- 2.1 Complexes of Groups 1 and 2 -- 2.2 Complexes of Group 3, the Lanthanides and Actinides -- 2.3 Complexes of Group 4 -- 2.4 Complexes of Group 5 -- 2.5 Complexes of Group 6 -- 2.6 Complexes of Group 7 -- 2.7 Complexes of Group 8 -- 2.8 Complexes of Group 9 -- 2.9 Complexes of Group 10 -- 2.10 Complexes of Group 11 -- 2.11 Complexes of Group 12 -- 3 Dynamic Systems -- 3.1 Fluxional Molecules -- 3.1.1 Group 1 -- 3.1.2 Scandium -- 3.1.3 Yttrium -- 3.1.4 Samarium -- 3.1.5 Titanium -- 3.1.6 Zirconium -- 3.1.7 Niobium and Tantalum -- 3.1.8 Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten -- 3.1.9 Manganese -- 3.1.10 Rhenium -- 3.1.11 Iron -- 3.1.12 Ruthenium -- 3.1.13 Osmium -- 3.1.14 Cobalt -- 3.1.15 Rhodium -- 3.1.16 Iridium -- 3.1.17 Nickel -- 3.1.18 Palladium -- 3.1.19 Platinum -- 3.1.20 Copper -- 3.1.21 Silver -- 3.1.22 Gold -- 3.1.23 Zinc -- 3.1.24 Boron -- 3.1.25 Aluminium -- 3.1.26 Gallium -- 3.1.27 Thallium -- 3.1.28 Silicon -- 3.1.29 Germanium -- 3.1.30 Lead -- 3.1.31 Phosphorus -- 3.1.32 Antimony -- 3.1.33 Bismuth -- 3.1.34 Oxygen -- 3.1.35 Sulfur -- 3.1.36 Tellurium -- 3.2 Equilibria -- 3.2.1 Solvation Studies of Ions -- Lithium -- Sodium and Potassium -- Lanthanides -- Uranium -- Zirconium -- Tungsten -- Ruthenium -- Nickel -- Platinum -- Copper -- Gold -- Aluminium -- Silicon -- Phosphorus -- Chalco gens and Halides -- Xenon -- 3.2.2 Ionic Equilibria -- Group 1 -- Group 2 -- Scandium and Yttrium -- Lanthanum and the Lanthanides -- Uranium -- Zirconium -- Vanadium -- Chromium -- Rhenium -- Iron -- Ruthenium -- Cobalt -- Rhodium -- Nickel -- Palladium -- Platinum -- Copper -- Silver -- Gold -- Zinc -- Cadmium -- Boron -- Aluminium -- Gallium -- Thallium -- Carbon -- Silicon -- Tin. , Lead -- Nitrogen -- Bismuth -- Fluorine -- Chlorine -- 3.2.3 Equilibria among Uncharged Species -- Lithium -- Magnesium -- Yttrium -- Ytterbium -- Titanium -- Zirconium -- Vanadium -- Niobium -- Molybdenum -- Rhenium -- Iron -- Ruthenium and Osmium -- Cobalt -- Rhodium -- Iridium -- Nickel -- Palladium -- Platinum -- Copper -- Silver -- Zinc -- Cadmium -- Mercury -- Boron -- Aluminium -- Indium -- Silicon, Tin and Lead -- Antimony -- Xenon -- 3.3 Course of Reactions -- 3.3.1 Lithium -- 3.3.2 Beryllium -- 3.3.3 Magnesium -- 3.3.4 Calcium -- 3.3.5 Uranium -- 3.3.6 Titanium, Zirconium and Hafnium -- 3.3.7 Vanadium -- 3.3.8 Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten -- 3.3.9 Technetium -- 3.3.10 Manganese -- 3.3.11 Rhenium -- 3.3.12 Iron -- 3.3.13 Ruthenium -- 3.3.14 Osmium -- 3.3.15 Cobalt -- 3.3.16 Rhodium and Iridium -- 3.3.17 Nickel -- 3.3.18 Palladium -- 3.3.19 Platinum -- 3.3.20 Silver -- 3.3.21 Gold -- 3.3.22 Zinc -- 3.3.23 Mercury -- 3.3.24 Boron -- 3.3.25 Aluminium -- 3.3.26 Gallium -- 3.3.27 Silicon -- 3.3.28 Germanium -- 3.3.29 Tin -- 3.3.30 Phosphorus -- 3.3.31 Selenium -- 4 Paramagnetic Complexes -- 4.1 The Transition Metals -- 4.1.1 Vanadium -- 4.1.2 Molybdenum and Tungsten -- 4.1.3 Manganese -- 4.1.4 Rhenium -- 4.1.5 Iron -- 4.1.6 Osmium -- 4.1.7 Cobalt -- 4.1.8 Rhodium -- 4.1.9 Nickel -- 4.1.10 Copper -- 4.2 Complexes of the Lanthanides and Actinides -- 4.2.1 Lanthanides -- 4.2.2 Actinides -- 5 Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy -- 5.1 Motion in Solids -- 5.2 Structure of Solids -- 5.3 Molecules Sorbed onto Solids -- 5.3.1 Water Sorbed onto Solids -- 5.3.2 Atoms and Other Molecules Sorbed onto Solids -- 6 Group 13 Compounds -- 6.1 Boron Hydrides and Carboranes -- 6.2 Other Compounds of Boron -- 6.3 Complexes of Other Group 13 Elements -- 7 Group 14 Compounds -- 8 Group 15 Compounds -- 9 Compounds of Groups 16, 17 and 18 -- 10 Appendix. , Chapter 2 Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Main Group Elements -- 2.1 Group 1 (Lithium-7) -- 2.2 Group 2 (Barium-137) -- 2.3 Group 13 (Aluminium-27, Gallium-69 and Indium-115) -- 2.4 Group 15 (Nitrogen-14, Arsenic-75, Antimony-121 and -123, and Bismuth-209) -- 2.5 Group 17 (Chlorine-35 and -37, Bromine-79 and -81, and Iodine-127) -- 3 Transition Metals and Lanthanides -- 3.1 Vanadium-51 -- 3.2 Manganese-55 -- 3.3 Cobalt-59 -- 3.4 Copper-63 and -65 -- 3.5 Ruthenium-101 -- 3.6 Lanthanum-139 -- 3.7 Rhenium-185 and -187 -- References -- Chapter 3 Characteristic Vibrations of Main Group Elements -- 1 Group 1 -- 2 Group 2 -- 3 Group 13 -- 3.1 Boron -- 3.2 Aluminium -- 3.3 Gallium -- 3.4 Indium and Thallium -- 4 Group 14 -- 4.1 Carbon -- 4.2 Silicon -- 4.3 Germanium -- 4.4 Tin -- 4.5 Lead -- 5 Group 15 -- 5.1 Nitrogen -- 5.2 Phosphorus -- 5.3 Arsenic -- 5.4 Antimony -- 5.5 Bismuth -- 6 Group 6 -- 6.1 Oxygen -- 6.2 Compounds Containing Sulfur or Selenium Rings or Chains -- 6.3 Other Sulfur and Selenium Compounds -- 6.4 Tellurium -- 7 Group 17 -- 8 Group 18 -- References -- Chapter 4 Vibrational Spectra of Transition Element Compounds -- 1 Scandium, Yttrium and the Lanthanides -- 2 Titanium, Zirconium and Hafnium -- 3 Vanadium, Niobium and Tantalum -- 4 Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten -- 5 Manganese, Technetium and Rhenium -- 6 Iron, Ruthenium and Osmium -- 7 Cobalt, Rhodium and Iridium -- 8 Nickel, Palladium and Platinum -- 9 Copper, Silver and Gold -- 10 Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury -- 11 Actinides -- References -- Chapter 5 Vibrational Spectra of Some Co-ordinated Ligands -- 1 Carbon, Silicon and Tin Donors -- 2 Boron and Indium Donors -- 3 Carbonyl Complexes -- 4 Nitrogen Donors -- 4.1 Molecular Nitrogen, Azido- and Related Groups -- 4.2 Amines and Related Ligands -- 4.3 Ligands Containing > -- C=N- Groups. , 4.4 Cyanides, Isocyanides and Related Complexes -- 4.5 Nitrosyl and Thionitrosyl Complexes -- 5 Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony Donors -- 6 Oxygen Donors -- 6.1 Molecular Oxygen, Peroxo, Aquo and Related Complexes -- 6.2 Carboxylate and Related Complexes -- 6.3 Keto-, Alkoxy-, Ether and Related Coplexes -- 6.4 Ligands Containing O-N or O-P Bonds -- 6.5 Ligands Containing O-S or O-Te Bonds -- 6.6 Ligands Containing O-Cl or O-I Bonds -- 7 Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium Donors -- 8 Potentially Ambident Ligands -- 8.1 Cyanates, Thio- and Selenocyanates and Their Iso-analogues -- 8.2 Ligands Containing N and O or P and O Donor Atoms -- 8.3 Ligands Containing N and S, P and O or P and S Donor Atoms -- 8.4 Ligands Containing S and O Donor Atoms -- References -- Chapter 6 Gas-phase Molecular Structures Determined by Electron Diffraction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Compounds of Elements in Groups 1, 2 and 13 -- 3 Compounds of Elements in Group 14 -- 4 Compounds of Elements in Group 15 -- 5 Compounds of Elements in Group 16 -- 6 Compounds of Transition Elements and Actinides -- References.