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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Due to the increased demand for new reference materials certified for total and methylmercury (MeHg) a sample of mussel homogenate (IAEA-142) has been prepared. Thirteen experienced laboratories reported results for total Hg of which 9 laboratories also reported results for MeHg content. Laboratories reporting MeHg results used various isolation techniques (solvent extraction, saponification, acid leaching, ion-exchange separation, and distillation) and detection systems (cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS), cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV AFS), gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC/ECD) and HPLC with CV AAS detector). In the case of total Hg, most of the laboratories used acid digestion, only two used alkaline dissolution, followed either by CV AAS or CV AFS. One laboratory used neutron activation analyses with radiochemical separation. The data received were in good agreement. The value for total Hg was certified to be 126 ng/g, with a 95% confidence interval from 119 to 132 ng/g. For MeHg the certified value of 47 ng/g expressed as Hg was assigned, with a 95% confidence interval from 43 to 51 ng/g. Stability testing has shown that both total and MeHg are stable if samples are stored in a dry and dark place at room temperature. The sample is now available as a certified reference material and is, in particular, useful for quality control measurements of Hg and MeHg in mussel samples at low concentration levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 18 (1962), S. 368-369 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Les auteurs ont déterminé par la méthode de la chromatographie à deux dimensions, la teneur en glutamine et en acide γ-aminobutyrique des différentes parties du cerveau du chat. La concentration la plus élevée de l'acide γ-aminobutyrique a été trouvé dans l'hypothalamus, tandis que celle de la glutamine a été constatée dans le noyau caudé. Les concentrations les plus basses de ces deux protéines apparaissent dans la substance blanche du cerveau.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Methylmercury ; marine sediment ; certification ; reference material ; intercomparison ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An intercomparison exercise was organized between seven laboratories using various isolation procedures (extraction, distillation, ion-exchange and alkaline digestion) and detection systems (CV AAS, cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy; CV AFS, cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy; GC, ECD, gas chromatography electron capture detector and HPLC with CV AFS detection) for determination of methylmercury compounds in sediment sample. All certification criteria were fulfilled and therefore the value for total concentration of methylmercury compounds was certified to be 5.46 ng g-1, with a 95% confidence interval from 4.07-5.84 ng g-1. The acceptable range, calculated as two times the confidence interval of the mean is therefore from 4.68-6.23 ng g-1. This is the first sediment reference material ever to be certified for concentration of methylmercury compounds. Comparison of the data obtained by various methodologies has shown that the most critical step is the isolation of methylmercury compounds from binding sites. Acid leaching only cannot release methylmercury compounds quantitatively. Total release of methylmercury compounds could only be achieved by alkaline digestion or distillation. This simple intercomparison exercise has shown that since large numbers of laboratories world-wide are performing methylmercury compound analyses using various improved and specific separation methods and sensitive detection systems, certification of methylmercury compounds in different biological and environmental samples should not be a problem in the future.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: Charge collection measurements with silicon detectors with implanted n-type readout strips in p-type silicon bulk (n + -p) are presented. Detectors were irradiated with 191 MeV pions at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen in Switzerland. Signals induced by electrons from 90 Sr source were measured with SCT128 chip. Collected charge and detector current were measured after several annealing steps summing up to over 10000 minutes at 60°C. It was observed that irradiation of these detectors with pions results in only ~ 30% of the increase of V fd seen after irradiation with neutrons to the same NIEL equivalent fluence. Charge multiplication effects in pion irradiated detectors were seen only after long accelerated annealing time. Both effects are consistent with smaller space-charge introduction rates after irradiation with charged hadrons, characteristic for oxygenated detector material. It was confirmed that, at sufficient bias voltage,...
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-0221
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2013-04-18
    Description: Electrical signals induced by pulses of a focused IR (λ = 1064 nm) laser beam in strip detectors were measured using a wide bandwidth current amplifier. The laser beam was focused to a spot with a diameter of about 8 μm and directed to the detector surface. The detector was mounted on a high precision moving stage allowing measurements of signals induced by a laser beam directed to different locations on the detector surface. Measurements were performed with miniature micro-strip detectors made by implanting n + type readout strips on p-type silicon bulk (n + -p). Special type of detectors, with implants not fully covered by metal, allowed TCT measurements with a laser beam directed on the implant. The detectors were irradiated with reactor neutrons up to fluences of 5·10 15 n eq /cm 2 . The signals were measured at reverse bias voltages up to 1000 V. The measurements were repeated after several annealing steps at 60°C. Strong dependen...
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-0221
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2015-01-14
    Description: Recent observations in the total luminosity density have led to significant progress in establishing the star formation rate (SFR) at high redshift. Concurrently observed gamma-ray burst rates have also been used to extract the SFR at high redshift. The SFR in turn can be used to make a host of predictions concerning the ionization history of the Universe, the chemical abundances, and supernova rates. We compare the predictions made using a hierarchical model of cosmic chemical evolution based on three recently proposed SFRs: two based on extracting the SFR from the observed gamma-ray burst rate at high redshift, and one based on the observed galaxy luminosity function at high redshift. Using the WMAP / Planck data on the optical depth and epoch of reionization, we find that only the SFR inferred from gamma-ray burst data at high redshift suffices to allow a single mode (in the initial mass function – IMF) of star formation which extends from z  = 0 to redshifts 〉10. For the case of the SFR based on the observed galaxy luminosity function, the reionization history of the Universe requires a bimodal IMF which includes at least a coeval high- (or intermediate-) mass mode of star formation at high redshift ( z  〉 10). Therefore, we also consider here a more general bimodal case which includes an early-forming high-mass mode as a fourth model to test the chemical history of the Universe. We conclude that observational constraints on the global metallicity and optical depth at high redshift favour unseen faint but active star-forming galaxies as pointed out in many recent studies.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2017-03-01
    Description: Charge collection properties of depleted CMOS pixel detector prototypes produced on p-type substrate of 2 kΩ cm initial resistivity (by LFoundry 150 nm process) were studied using Edge-TCT method before and after neutron irradiation. The test structures were produced for investigation of CMOS technology in tracking detectors for experiments at HL-LHC upgrade. Measurements were made with passive detector structures in which current pulses induced on charge collecting electrodes could be directly observed. Thickness of depleted layer was estimated and studied as function of neutron irradiation fluence. An increase of depletion thickness was observed after first two irradiation steps to 1 · 10 13 n/cm 2 and 5 · 10 13 n/cm 2 and attributed to initial acceptor removal. At higher fluences the depletion thickness at given voltage decreases with increasing fluence because of radiation induced defects contributing to the effective space charge conce...
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-0221
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2016-12-08
    Description: The Ultra Fast Silicon Detectors (UFSD) are a novel concept of silicon detectors based on the Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology, which are able to obtain time resolution of the order of few tens of picoseconds. First prototypes with different geometries (pads/pixels/strips), thickness (300 and 50 μm) and gain (between 5 and 20) have been recently designed and manufactured by CNM (Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica, Barcelona) and FBK (Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento). Several measurements on these devices have been performed in laboratory and in beam test and a dependence of the gain on the temperature has been observed. Some of the first measurements will be shown (leakage current, breakdown voltage, gain and time resolution on the 300 μm from FBK and gain on the 50 μm-thick sensor from CNM) and a comparison with the theoretically predicted trend will be discussed.
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-0221
    Topics: Physics
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