Note: front cover -- copyright -- front matter -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Contributors -- table of contents -- Historical Aspects of Mucosal Immunology -- body -- Part I Mucosal Immune System -- Section A Mucosal Barrier: Development and Physiology of Mucosal Defense -- 1 Development and Physiology of Mucosal Defense: An Introduction -- 2 Mucosal Microbiota -- 3 Adhesion of Bacteria to Mucosal Surfaces -- 4 Mucus -- 5 Innate Humoral Defense Factors -- 6 Defensins and Other Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins -- 7 Cellular and Molecular Basis for Antigen Transport Across Epithelial Barriers -- 8 Structure and Function of Intestinal Mucosal Epithelium -- 9 Mucosal Immunoglobulins -- 10 Organization and Expression of Genes Encoding IgA Heavy Chain, Polymeric Ig Receptor, and J Chain -- 11 Phylogeny and Comparative Physiology of IgA -- 12 Immunoglobulin Transport and the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor -- 13 Fc Receptors -- 14 Biological Activities of IgA -- 15 Microbial Evasion of IgA Functions -- 16 Ontogeny of Mucosal Immunity and Aging -- 17 Phylogeny of the Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) -- 18 The Role of Mucosal Microbiota in the Development, Maintenance, and Pathologies of the Mucosal Immune System -- Section B Inductive and Effector Tissues and Cells of the Mucosal Immune System -- 19 Inductive and Effector Tissues and Cells of the Mucosal Immune System: An Overview -- 20 Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissues -- 21 Development and Function of Organized Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues -- 22 Human Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues -- 23 Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue -- 24 Role of Epithelium in Mucosal Immunity -- 25 Role of Epithelial Cells in Mucosal Antigen Presentation -- 26 Antigen Handling and Presentation by Mucosal Dendritic Cells and Macrophages. , 27 Oral Tolerance: Physiologic Basis and Clinical Applications -- 28 Th1/Th2/Th3 Cells for Regulation of Mucosal Immunity, Tolerance, and Inflammation -- 29 Cytotoxic T Cells of the Mucosal Immune System -- 30 Development, Function, and Specificity of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes -- 31 IgA B Cell Development -- 32 The Human Mucosal B-Cell System -- 33 B-1 Cells and the Mucosal Immune System -- 34 Lymphocyte Homing: Chemokines and Adhesion Molecules in T cell and IgA Plasma Cell Localization in the Mucosal Immune System -- 35 Proinflammatory Cytokines and Signaling Pathways in Intestinal Innate Immune Cells -- 36 Mast Cells In Mucosal Defenses and Pathogenesis -- 37 Eosinophils -- 38 Neuropeptides for Mucosal Immunity -- Section C Mucosal Immunity and Infection -- 39 Mucosal Immunity and Infection: An Overview -- 40 Bacterial Interactions with Mucosal Epithelial Cells -- 41 Virus Infection of Epithelial Cells -- 42 Mucosal Immunity to Bacteria -- 43 Mucosal Immunity to Viruses -- 44 Mucosal Immune Response to Parasitic Infections -- 45 Parenteral Immunization Induces Mucosal Protection: A Challenge to the Mucosal Immunity Paradigm -- 46 Passive Immunization: Systemic and Mucosal -- Section D Mucosal Vaccines -- 47 Mucosal Vaccines: An Overview -- 48 Enteric Bacterial Vaccines: Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli -- 49 Viral Gastroenteritis Vaccines -- 50 Respiratory Bacterial Vaccines -- 51 Respiratory Viral Vaccines -- 52 Mucosal Immunity and Vaccines Against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus -- 53 CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides for Mucosal Vaccines -- 54 Mucosal Adjuvants -- 55 Antigen Delivery Systems I: Nonliving Microparticles, Liposomes, and Immune Stimulating Complexes (ISCOMs). , 56 Antigen Delivery Systems II: Development of Live Recombinant Attenuated Bacterial Antigen and DNA Vaccine Delivery Vector Vaccines -- 57 Recombinant Live Viral Vectors as Vaccines for Mucosal Immunity -- 58 Transgenic Plants for Mucosal Vaccines -- 59 Antigen Delivery Systems III: Use of Recombinant Plant Viruses -- 60 DNA Vaccines for Mucosal Immunity to Infectious Diseases -- 61 Mucosal Veterinary Vaccines: Comparative Vaccinology -- 62 Mucosal Vaccines for Dental Diseases -- Part II Mucosal Diseases -- Section E Immunodeficiency -- 63 Immunodeficiency and Mucosal Immunity: An Overview -- 64 Immunodeficiency and Mucosal Immunity -- 65 Undernutrition, Immunodeficiency, and Mucosal Infections -- 66 Mucosal Infection and Immune Responses to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus -- 67 Immunobiology of Mucosal HIV-1 Infection -- Section F Stomach, Liver, and Intestine -- 68 Mucosal Injury and Immunopathology: An Overview -- 69 Peptic Ulcers and Gastritis -- 70 Disease Induction and Prevention in Experimental Models of Inflammatory Bowel Disease -- 71 Ulcerative Colitis: Evolving Insights into Pathogenesis -- 72 Crohn's Disease: Current Pathogenetic Paradigms -- 73 Protein-Losing Enteropathies -- 74 Celiac Disease -- 75 Food Allergy: Immunophysiology -- 76 Allergic Diseases in the Gastrointestinal Tract -- 77 Gastrointestinal Lymphoma -- 78 Liver and Biliary Tract -- 79 Systemic Manifestations of Mucosal Diseases: Trafficking of Gut Immune Cells to Joints and Liver -- Section G Respiratory Tract -- 80 Mucosal and Other Mechanisms of Resistance in the Respiratory Tract: An Overview -- 81 Experimental Models of Airway Hyperresponsiveness -- 82 Asthma: Clinical Aspects and Mucosal Immunology -- 83 Clinical Aspects of Bronchial Reactivity and Cell-Virus Interaction -- 84 Immune Responses to Mycoplasma -- 85 Local Immune Responses in Tuberculosis. , Section H Oral Cavity, Upper Airway, and Head and Neck -- 86 Ocular Mucosal Immunity -- 87 Nasal Immunologic Reactivity, Rhinitis, and Polyps -- 88 Middle Ear and Eustachian Tube -- 89 Immunology of Diseases of the Oral Cavity -- 90 Immunobiology of the Tonsils and Adenoids -- Section I Genitourinary Tract and Mammary Gland -- 91 Immunology and Immunopathology of the Genitourinary Tract: An Overview -- 92 IgA Nephropathy and Related Diseases -- 93 Urinary Tract Infections and the Mucosal Immune System -- 94 Female Genital Tract Infections and Immunity in Animal Models -- 95 Mucosal Immunity in the Human Female Reproductive Tract -- 96 Human Male Genital Tract Immunity and Experimental Models -- 97 Endocrine Regulation of the Mucosal Immune System in the Female Reproductive Tract -- 98 Immunologically Mediated Male and Female Reproductive Failure -- 99 Mucosal Immunology of Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- 100 Maternal Genital Tract Infection and the Neonate -- 101 Immunity at the Maternal-Fetal Interface -- 102 Amniotic Fluid and the Fetal Mucosal Immune System -- 103 Immunoglobulins and Immunocytes in the Mammary Gland and Its Secretions -- 104 Human Milk: Its Components and Their Immunobiologic Functions -- back matter -- Appendix I Collection and Processing of Human Mucosal Secretions -- Appendix II Collection and Processing of External Secretions and Tissues of Mouse Origin -- Appendix III Collection, Handling, and Analysis of Specimens for Studies of Mucosal Immunity in Large Animals -- Abbreviations -- index -- Color Plates.

Note: e9780124158474v1.pdf -- Front Cover -- Mucosal Immunology -- Copyright -- In Memoriam -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface to the First Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Preface to the Fourth Edition -- Historical Aspects of Mucosal Immunology -- MUCOSAL MICROBIOTA -- HEALING POWERS OF SECRETIONS: HISTORY OF BREASTFEEDING -- ANTIBODIES OF EXTERNAL SECRETIONS -- ANATOMIC STUDIES OF MUCOSAL ORGANS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS -- MUCOSAL VACCINATION -- ORAL TOLERANCE -- IMMUNOPATHOLOGY -- CODA -- REFERENCES -- Section A - Development and Organization of the Mucosal Immune System -- Chapter 1 - Overview: The Mucosal Immune System -- INTRODUCTION -- MUCOSAL MICROBIOTA -- EPITHELIAL CELLS AS ESSENTIAL PARTNERS OF THE MUCOSAL IMMUNE SYSTEM -- ANTIGEN UPTAKE AND PRESENTATION IN THE MUCOSAL IMMUNE SYSTEM -- MUCOSAL T CELLS AND CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY -- MUCOSAL IMMUNITY AND HOMEOSTASIS -- UNIQUE FEATURES OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF THE MUCOSAL IMMUNE SYSTEM AND THEIR INTEGRATION -- GLOBAL IMPACT OF MUCOSAL IMMUNITY IN VACCINE INITIATIVES -- THE FUTURE -- Chapter 2 - Development and Physiology of the Intestinal Mucosal Defense -- DEVELOPMENT OF MUCOSAL DEFENSE -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUCOSAL IMMUNITY CONTINUES DURING THE POSTNATAL PERIOD -- PHYSIOLOGY OF MUCOSAL DEFENSE -- MACROMOLECULAR ABSORPTION -- PHYSIOLOGIC TRANSPORT -- BARRIERS PREVENTING PATHOLOGIC TRANSPORT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 - Development of Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues -- INTRODUCTION: GUT-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUES -- LYMPH NODE AND PEYER'S PATCH ORGANOGENESIS -- SOLITARY INTESTINAL LYMPHOID TISSUES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 - Structure, Organization, and Development of the Mucosal Immune System of the Respiratory Tract -- INTRODUCTION AND BASIC ANATOMY OF LYMPHOID TISSUES IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT -- LYMPHOID ARCHITECTURE OF NALT. , NALT DEVELOPMENT -- ANTIGEN ACQUISITION IN NALT -- IMMUNE RESPONSES IN NALT -- NALT AND NASAL TOLERANCE -- LYMPHOID ARCHITECTURE OF BALT -- BALT DEVELOPMENT -- ANTIGEN ACQUISITION IN BALT -- IMMUNE RESPONSES IN BALT -- BALT AND ASTHMA -- BALT AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE -- BALT AND AUTOIMMUNITY -- BALT AND PULMONARY MALIGNANCY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 - The Mucosal Microbiome: Imprinting the Immune System of the Intestinal Tract -- COMPOSITION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME -- FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOME -- SENSING OF THE MICROBIOTA BY THE INTESTINAL IMMUNE SYSTEM -- INFLUENCE OF THE MICROBIOTA ON IMMUNE DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION -- OUTLOOK -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 - The Microbiome at Other Mucosal Sites -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ORAL MICROBIOME -- THE AIRWAY MICROBIOME -- THE OCULAR MICROBIOME -- THE GENITAL MICROBIOME -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 - Endogenous Microbiota of the Genitourinary Tract -- INTRODUCTION -- EARLY STUDIES OF VMB ON THE BASIS OF CULTURE AND MICROSCOPY -- MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS OF VMB -- MODULATION OF THE VAGINAL MUCOSAL IMMUNE RESPONSE BY VMB -- MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF MALE GENITOURINARY TRACT MICROBIOTA -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 - Gnotobiology and the Study of Complex Interactions between the Intestinal Microbiota, Probiotics, and the Host -- INTRODUCTION: MICROBIOTA AND MICROBIOMES -- GNOTOBIOLOGY AS A TOOL: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE -- MICROBIOTA PERTURBATIONS IN HUMAN DISEASE -- MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOMODULATION BY SPECIFIC MEMBERS OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA -- MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOMODULATION BY PROBIOTICS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 - Mucosal Immunity in Invertebrates -- INTRODUCTION -- INNATE IMMUNITY OF INVERTEBRATES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 10 - Comparative Phylogeny of the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PHYLOGENY OF IMMUNE SYSTEMS -- GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE IN THE MAJOR VERTEBRATE LINEAGES -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 - Ontogeny of Mucosal Immunity and Aging -- ONTOGENY OF MUSCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY -- AGING -- ASSOCIATION OF ONTOGENY PROFILES WITH DISEASE -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 - Epithelial Cells: Structure, Transport, and Barrier Function -- INTRODUCTION -- STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE INTESTINE -- INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL CELL TYPES -- EPITHELIAL POLARITY -- THE PARACELLULAR BARRIER -- TRANSEPITHELIAL TRANSPORT -- MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE OF TIGHT JUNCTIONS -- MEASURING BARRIER FUNCTION -- EX VIVO AND IN VITRO MEASURES OF BARRIER FUNCTION -- BARRIER FUNCTION AND DISEASE PATHOGENESIS -- MODELS LINKING INTESTINAL BARRIER LOSS TO EXPERIMENTAL IBD -- INTESTINAL BARRIER LOSS PROMOTES COMPENSATORY IMMUNOREGULATORY PROCESSES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 - M Cells: Specialized Antigen Sampling Cells in the Follicle-Associated Epithelium -- FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM -- STRUCTURE AND CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF INTESTINAL ABSORPTIVE EPITHELIUM -- FUNCTIONS OF INTESTINAL ABSORPTIVE EPITHELIUM -- THE FAE OF GALTS -- MORPHOLOGICAL IDENTIFICATION OF M CELLS -- MARKERS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF M CELLS -- ONTOGENY OF M CELLS -- M CELL DIFFERENTIATION -- FUNCTIONS OF INTESTINAL M CELLS -- M CELLS IN OTHER MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 - Mucins and Mucus -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOSYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF MUCINS -- DIFFERENTIATION OF MUCUS PRODUCING CELLS AND REGULATION OF MUCIN GENE EXPRESSION -- FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MUCINS -- SUBVERSION OF MUCIN BARRIERS BY MUCOSAL PATHOGENS AND PARASITES. , MUCINS IN HUMAN MUCOSAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASES -- FUTURE CHALLENGES -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 - Innate Humoral Defense Factors -- INTRODUCTION -- PATTERN-RECOGNITION MOLECULES -- LYSOZYME AND HAMLET -- LACTOFERRIN -- PEROXIDASES -- OTHER FACTORS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 - Defensins in Enteric Mucosal Immunity -- ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES AND INNATE IMMUNITY -- CATHELICIDINS -- DEFENSINS: THREE FAMILIES OF CYSTEINE-RICH AMPS -- MUCOSAL ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEINS AND PEPTIDES -- MECHANISMS OF Α-DEFENSIN BACTERICIDAL ACTION -- THE INTESTINAL EPITHELIUM -- PANETH CELLS -- Α-DEFENSIN BIOSYNTHESIS -- PANETH CELL Α-DEFENSINS -- PANETH CELL Α-DEFENSINS AND INNATE MUCOSAL IMMUNITY -- PANETH CELL DEFECTS AND MUCOSAL IMMUNITY -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 - Mucosal Immunoglobulins -- INTRODUCTION -- IGS OF THE EXTERNAL SECRETIONS -- IGA STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENT OF COMPONENT CHAINS -- BIOSYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY OF IGA -- IGA METABOLISM -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18 - Phylogeny and Comparative Physiology of Mucosal Immunoglobulins -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYLOGENY OF MUCOSAL IG'S IN JAWED VERTEBRATES -- PHYLOGENY OF POLYMERIC IG'S -- PHYLOGENY OF THE POLYMERIC IG RECEPTOR, THE EPITHELIAL TRANSPORTER OF MUCOSAL IG'S -- COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF MUCOSAL IG'S -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19 - Immunoglobulin Transport and Immunoglobulin Receptors -- INTRODUCTION -- TRANSPORT OF POLYMERIC IG BY PIGR -- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF PIGR -- REGULATION OF PIGR EXPRESSION -- ORGANIZATION AND REGULATION OF THE PIGR GENE -- PIGR TRAFFICKING AND SIGNALS -- REGULATION OF PIGR TRAFFICKING -- HEPATOBILIARY TRANSPORT OF IGA -- TRANSPORT OF IGG BY THE FCRN -- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF FCRN -- TRANSCYTOSIS OF IGG BY FCRN -- PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF FCRN-MEDIATED IGG TRANSCYTOSIS. , EXPLOITATION OF THE FCRN-IGG INTERACTION FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES AT MUCOSAL SURFACES -- SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONS OF FCRN -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20 - Fc Receptors in Mucosal Immunology -- INTRODUCTION -- LEUKOCYTE IGA RECEPTORS -- FCΑ/ΜR -- NONLEUKOCYTE IGA RECEPTORS -- FCR-MEDIATED IGE ACTIVITY IN MUCOSAL SECRETIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21 - Biological Activities of IgA -- INTRODUCTION -- BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF IGA -- IGA AND MAINTENANCE OF HOMEOSTASIS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22 - Microbial Evasion of IgA Functions -- INTRODUCTION -- SPECIFIC IGA PROTEASES -- OTHER MICROBIAL PROTEASES WITH IGA-CLEAVING ACTIVITY -- EFFECT OF MICROBIAL GLYCOSIDASES ON IGA -- IGA-BINDING PROTEINS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 23 - The Regulation of IgA Production -- VARIABLE IGA PRODUCTION IN MAMMALS -- IMMUNE GEOGRAPHY AND LYMPHOID STRUCTURES REGULATING IGA PRODUCTION -- T CELL-DEPENDENT IGA RESPONSES UPON COLONIZATION WITH A MICROBIOTA -- T CELL-INDEPENDENT IGA GENERATION IN ISOLATED LYMPHOID FOLLICLES -- IGA GENERATION IN LAMINA PROPRIA: INNATE AND ADAPTIVE CROSSROAD -- HETEROGENEITY OF IGA INDUCTION AND RESPONSES -- REFERENCES -- Section B - Inductive and Effector Cellsand Tissues of the MucosalImmune System -- Chapter 24 - Overview: Inductive and Effector Cells and Tissues of the Mucosal Immune System -- Chapter 25 - Mucosal Dendritic Cells: Origins, Subsets, and Biology -- INTRODUCTION -- ORIGINS OF DCS -- DCS ARE SPECIALIZED SENTINELS THAT CAPTURE ANTIGENS AND ACTIVATE NAÏVE T CELLS AFTER MIGRATING TO THE DRAINING LNS -- DENDRITIC CELLS CAN DIRECTLY DETERMINE THE NATURE OF THE ENSUING LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSE -- GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DCS -- RESPIRATORY TRACT DCS -- GENITOURINARY TRACT DCS -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 26 - Mucosal Macrophages in Defense and Regulation -- INTRODUCTION. , ONTOGENY OF MUCOSAL MACROPHAGES.

Note: Front Cover -- Handbook of Mucosal Immunology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgment -- PART I: Cellular Basis of Mucosal Immunity -- Chapter 1. Introduction: An Overview of the Mucosal System -- I. Polylg Receptors and Transport -- II. Mucosal Lymphoid Cells -- References -- Section A: Development and Physiology of Mucosal Defense -- Chapter 2. Structure and Function of Intestinal Mucosal Epithelium -- I. Introduction -- II. Intestinal Absorptive Epithelium -- III. Mucosal Epithelium in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3. Cellular and Molecular Basis for Antigen Transport in the Intestinal Epithelium -- I. Introduction -- II. General Mechanisms of Transepithelial Transport -- III. Membrane Traffic in Intestinal Enterocytes -- IV. Antigen-Presenting Complexes and Enterocyte Membrane Traffic -- V. Membrane Traffic in Intestinal M Cells -- VI. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Mucosal Barrier -- I. Introduction -- II. Physiologic Transport -- III. Barriers Preventing Pathological Transport -- IV. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5. Innate Humoral Factors -- I. Introduction -- II. Lactoferrin -- III. Lysozyme -- IV. Peroxidases -- V. High Molecular Weight Glycoproteins -- References -- Chapter 6. Bacterial Adherence and Mucosal Immunity -- I. Introduction -- II. Mechanisms of Adherence -- III. Functional Consequences of Adherence -- IV. Anti-adhesive Mucosal Defense Mechanisms -- V. Mucosal Receptor Repertoire -- References -- Chapter 7. Mucosal Immunoglobulins -- I. Introduction -- II. Immunoglobulins of the External Secretions -- III. IgA: Structure and Arrangement of Component Chains -- IV. Biosynthesis and Assembly of IgA -- V. IgA Metabolism -- VI. Biological Significance of the Human IgA Subclasses -- VII. Summary. , Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 8. Phylogenetic Aspects of Mucosal Immunoglobulins -- I. Introduction -- II. Mammals -- III. Birds -- IV. Reptiles and Amphibians -- V. Fish -- VI. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9. Developmental Aspects of Mucosal Immunoglobulin Genes: Organization and Expression of IgA Heavy-Chain, Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor, and J-Chain Genes -- I. Introduction -- II. IgA Heavy-Chain Genes -- III. Class Switching -- IV. Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor/Secretory Component Genes -- V. J-Chain Genes -- VI. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10. Epithelial and Hepatobiliary Transport of Polymeric Immunoglobulins -- I. Introduction -- II. Common Epithelial Polymeric Ig Transport Mechanism -- III. Evidence That Secretory Component Is a Polymeric Ig Receptor -- IV. Molecular Biology of Secretory Component -- V. Modulation of Secretory Component Expression -- VI. Hepatic IgA Transport and Catabolism -- VII. Clearance of IgA-Containing Immune Complexes -- VIII. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11. Function of Mucosal Immunoglobulins -- I. Introduction -- II. Biological Properties of IgA -- III. Microbial Evasion of IgA Functions -- IV. IgA and Homeostasis -- References -- Section B: Cells, Regulation, and Specificity in the Mucosal Immune System: Inductive Sites -- Chapter 12. Characteristics and Functions of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue -- I. Introduction -- II. Ontogeny -- III. Function of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue -- IV. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13. Peyer's Patches as Inductive Sites for IgA Commitment -- I. Role of Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Induction of a Humoral Mucosal Immune Response. , II. Phenotypic and Functional Status of Peyer's Patch B Cells: Perturbations Associated with Commitment to IgA and Induction of a Humoral Mucosal Immune Response -- III. Do B Cells Preferentially Isotype Switch to the Expression of IgA in Peyer's Patch and Do Germinal Centers Provide the Microenvironment for This Process, Serving as Sites for the Generation of IgA Preplasmablasts and IgA Memory Cells? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14. Regulation of IgA B Cell Development -- I. Introduction -- II. Molecular Features of Ig Class Switching -- III. Cellular Basis of IgA B-Cell Differentiation -- IV. Overview of IgA B Cell Switch Differentiation -- References -- Chapter 15. Diversity and Function of Antigen-Presenting Cells in Mucosal Tissues -- I. Overview of Antigen Presentation -- II. Mechanisms of Antigen Uptake -- III. Mechanisms of Antigen Processing -- IV. Antigen-Presenting Cells Present in the Mucosal Tissues -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 16. Oral Tolerance and Regulation of Immunity Dietary Antigens -- I. Introduction -- II. Immune Responses to Dietary Antigens -- III. Oral Tolerance -- IV. Factors That Influence the Induction and Maintenance of Oral Tolerance -- V. Mechanisms of Oral Tolerance -- VI. Clinical and Practical Relevance of Oral Tolerance -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17. Functional Aspects of the Peptidergic Circuit in Mucosal Immunity -- I. Introduction -- II. Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Neuropeptides -- III. Peptidergic-Immune Circuit -- References -- Chapter 18. The Role of B-1 Cells in Mucosal Immune Responses -- I. Introduction -- II. Current View on the Origin of Intestinal IgA Plasma Cells -- III. B-1 Cell Lineage -- IV. Peritoneal Reservoir of Precursors for Gut IgA Plasma Cells -- V. IgA Plasma Cells in μ,κ Transgenic Mice Belong to the B-1 Cell Lineage. , VI. Role for B-1 Cells in Mucosal Immunity -- VII. Mucosal IgA Responses and the Layered Immune System -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 19. Lymphocyte Homing to Mucosal Effector Sites -- I. Introduction -- II. Distribution of Effector Cells in the Mucosa -- III. Immunization of the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissues -- IV. Commitment to IgA and Maturation of B Lymphocytes in the Mucosal Immune System -- V. Mechanisms of Mucosal Migration -- References -- Section C: Cells, Regulation, and Specificity in the Mucosal Immune System: Effector Sites -- Chapter 20. Cytokines in the Mucosal Immune System -- I. Introduction -- II. Cytokines That Influence Maturation of IgA-Expressing Cells to IgA-Secreting Cells -- III. Cytokines That Induce Isotype Switching to IgA -- IV. Cytokines Involved in IgA Expression by Human B Cells -- V. Cytokine Production by T Helper Subsets -- VI. Cytokine Production in Mucosal Sites -- VII. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 21. Distribution and Characteristics of Mucosal Immunoglobulin-Producing Cells -- I. Introduction -- II. Normal Mucosal State -- III. Mucosal Pathological States -- IV. Selective IgA Deficiency -- V. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 22. T Helper Cells for Mucosal Immune Responses -- I. Introduction -- II. Th Cells in Mucosal Inductive Tissues -- III. T Cell Induction of Class Switching and IgA Production -- IV. Role of Th1 and Th2 Cells in Mucosal Immune Responses -- V. Th Cells in Mucosal Effector Tissues -- VI. Summary: Overview of Th Cell Regulation of Mucosal Immune Responses -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 23. Human Gastrointestinal Mucosal T Cells -- I. Introduction -- II. Phenotypic Characteristics -- III. Activation of Lamina Propria T Cells -- IV. Lymphokine Production and Utilization by Intestinal T Cells. , V. Immunoregulatory Function of Intestinal T Cells -- VI. T Cell Antigen-Receptor Triggered Function of Intestinal Lymphocytes -- VII. Cytotoxic Function of Intestinal Lymphocytes -- VIII. Summary -- References -- Chapter 24. Basic Aspects of Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Immunobiology -- I. Introduction -- II. Phenotype of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes -- III. Maturation and Selection of Intraepithelial Lymphocytes -- IV. Functional Properties -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 25. IgE-Mediated Responses in the Mucosal Immune System -- I. Introduction -- II. Basic Mechanisms Involved in the IgE Antibody Response -- III. IgE-Mediated Allergic Reactions -- References -- Chapter 26. Inflammation: Mast Cells -- I. Introduction -- II. Strategies to Explore Mast Cell Heterogeneity and Function -- III. Ontogeny -- IV. Repertoire of Mediators -- V. Modulation of Mast Cell Function -- VI. Plethora of Functions -- References -- Chapter 27. Cytokines in the Liver and Gastrointestinal Tract -- I. Introduction -- II. Overview of Cytokine Production -- III. Initiation of Cytokine Production: Interactions among Cells and Antigen -- IV. Initiation of Cytokine Production: Acute Inflammation -- V. Cytokine Production in Response to Infection with Nematodes -- VI. Effects of Cytokine Production during Infection with Nematodes -- VII. Extension to the Liver -- VIII. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 28. Cytotoxic Lymphocytes in Mucosal Effector Sites -- I. Introduction -- II. Nonspecific Cytotoxic Cells in Gut Mucosal Tissues -- III. Gut Mucosal Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes -- IV. Pulmonary Cytotoxic Cells -- V. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 29. Mucosal Immunity to Viruses -- I. Cellular Antiviral Immune Mechanisms Operative on Mucosal Surfaces -- II. IgG Antibodies on Mucosal Surfaces -- III. Mucosal IgA Antibody Response. , References.