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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Floral Biology : Studies on Floral Evolution in Animal-Pollinated Plants. (1995)
    New York, NY :Springer,
    Details
    Keywords: Angiosperms-Evolution. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (420 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781461311652
    URL: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6493893
    DDC: 582.13/04463
    Language: English
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    GEOMAR EBL
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution towards dioecy in heterostylous populations (1979)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 131 (1979), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Boraginaceae ; Cordia ; Heterostyly ; sex ; gender ; dioecy evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effective gender of a plant is defined as the proportion of the plant's genes that are transmitted through pollen (its maleness) or through ovules (its femaleness). Formulae are derived that enable the average effective gender of the morphs of a heterostylous population and the gender of individual plants to be estimated. Estimates require a knowledge of the morph ratio and the seed set that results in each morph from self-fertilization and from legitimate and illegitimate cross-fertilizations. If no illegitimate fertilizations occur, the average gender of the morphs can be estimated from their seed production alone; in this situation the average femaleness of one morph is exactly equal to the average maleness of the other morph. The average gender of long- and short-styled morphs is calculated for populations of fiveCordia species (Boraginaceae) from published data ofOpler & al. (1975). In two species, both morphs transmit their genes equally through pollen and ovules. In the other species, the long-styled morph acts predominantly (or in one species exclusively) as an ovule parent and the short-styled morph succeeds predominantly (or exclusively) as a pollen parent. The features of the evolutionary pathway from heterostyly to dioecy and the selective forces that may be responsible are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984123
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproductive biology of a primitive angiosperm,Pseudowintera colorata (Winteraceae), and the evolution of pollination systems in theAnthophyta (1992)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 181 (1992), S. 77-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Primitive angiosperms ; Pseudowintera ; Winteraceae ; Magnoliidae ; gnetophytes ; anthophytes ; Self-incompatibility ; reproductive biology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Stigmatic exudate-eating chironomid flies (Smittia) and pollen-eating halodid beetles are the most common visitors to flowers ofPseudowintera colorata. Plants are self-incompatible. After selfing pollen tubes penetrate the nucellus; chase pollination experiments show that the incompatibility reaction occurs before fertilization. When pollen is applied to stigmas, the exudate dries rapidly and does not usually reappear. A review of anthophytes suggests that their common ancestor around 200 mya was bisexual and pollinated at least in part by nectar-seeking insects, possibly including flies. The angiosperm stigma appears to have evolved from a pollination drop mechanism via an adaxial stigmatic surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937588
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A general principle for the allocation of limited resources (1988)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 2 (1988), S. 175-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: Selection ; limited resources ; allocations ; marginal fitness ; matching rules ; sex allocations ; habitat choice ; optimal foraging ; behavioral contests ; Bishop-Cannings theorem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A marginal fitness theorem is derived for the allocation of a limited resource among alternative activities that have effects on the fitness of an individual. The ‘marginal advantage theorem’ states that at the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS), the marginal gains from increasing each of the allocations (expressed as partial derivatives of the fitness advantage of a rare mutant) are equal. The theorem is true for all proportional allocations (a + b + c + ...=j), regardless of the number of allocations, the nature of the response curves describing the direct effects of the allocations [f(a), etc.], or the way the effects of different allocations combine into fitness. The theorem is extended to size-number compromises and packaging strategies. The marginal advantage theorem is used to derive general theorems about the marginal effects of allocations [f′ (a), etc.] at the ESS and matching rules concerned with the total fitness to cost ratios of allocations at the ESS. The marginal advantage theorem is applicable to diverse allocation strategies, and provides a method for obtaining ESS allocations for any number of allocations and their components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02067276
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dichogamy, gender variation and bet-hedging inPseudowintera colorata (1991)
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 5 (1991), S. 310-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: Bet-hedging ; dichogamy ; environmental factors ; flowering ; gender ; Pseudowintera ; Winteraceae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Temporal patterns of variability in the longevity of the male and female phases of individual flowers and in the gender expression of plants of a dichogamous New Zealand tree,Pseudowintera colorata (Winteraceae), were documented in field studies. Two measures for the duration of phases in a dichogamous flower are distinguished; the nominal phases based on morphological features of the flower, and the effective phases reflecting the duration of their functions. Flower and phase longevity and phenotypic gender varied considerably throughout the season and among individuals. Temporal variability in phenotypic gender was loosely synchronized among the 12 plants sampled. Three effects of an environmental factor (temperature) were noted. First, increased temperatures shortened the duration of the female phase but had no effect on the duration of the male phase. Second, pollination frequency was positively correlated with temperature. These results indirectly suggest that increased pollination may shorten the duration of the female phase. Third, average population maleness, measured as the proportion of open flowers in the population on a given day which were in the male phase, was positively correlated with temperature. It is postulated that temperature indirectly influences temporal patterns of gender expression in the population through its differential effects on the longevity of the male and female phases in individual flowers. A theoretical model of bet-hedging shows that, if the direction of an environmental effect on the proportions of the sexual phases is irreversible, selection favours asynchronous dichogamy and reduces the temporal variability as much as possible. If the direction of the response is reversible, heterodichogamy is favoured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214235
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of sex inMyrica gale (1981)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 138 (1981), S. 29-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Myricaceae ; Myrica gale L ; Sex ; sexual selection ; sex ratios ; subdioecy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of male and female inflorescences among stems ofMyrica gale L. is strongly bimodal and indicates a genetical dimorphism in gender. Predominantly or strictly male stems are about twenty times as frequent as predominantly or strictly female stems. There is considerable variation among male and female stems in their precise gender. Quantitative values of the phenotypic sex (the observed gender based on the relative proportions of male and female inflorescences) and functional sex (the relative probabilities of transmitting genes to descendants through male and female gametes) of samples of stems are estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984607
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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