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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of temperature on the microstructure of statoliths of the thumbstall squid Lolliguncula brevis (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 136 (2000), S. 1029-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A laboratory study investigating the influence of temperature on the microstructure of statoliths of Lolliguncula brevis is described. Groups of squid were subjected to various temperature regimes for periods in excess of 30 d. Statoliths extracted from 20 squid were examined using a confocal microscope in laser scanning mode. The parts of the statoliths deposited during the course of the experiments were identified using either putative daily increment counts or from checks produced in response to capture and handling. These checks appear to consist of a series of prominent increments rather than reflecting a period of interrupted statolith growth. Increments deposited during the experiment generally displayed reduced contrast and clarity in comparison to the “wild” parts of the statolith, presumably in response to the constant conditions imposed in the laboratory. Average statolith growth rates observed over the course of the experiment showed a strong positive relationship to ambient temperature. A significant sex effect was apparent, with statoliths of female squid generally growing faster than those of males. Observed statolith growth rates at 15 °C were generally below 1 μm d−1, suggesting that the widths of daily increments produced under these conditions may approach the resolution limits of a light microscope. The implications for studies using increment numbers to estimate age are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000298
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The location of spawning grounds, spawning and schooling behaviour of the squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (Cephalopoda: Myopsida) off the Eastern Cape Coast, South Africa (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 114 (1992), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The location of spawning grounds of the squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (D'Orbigny) was investigated in the years 1988–1990. At least 39 spawning sites were found during this period along the inshore areas of the Eastern Cape coastline between Algoa Bay and Plettenberg Bay. The substrate chosen for egg laying was mostly fine sand or flat reef, frequently in large and relatively shettered bays. Spawning was found to occur sporadically throughout the year, and some spawning sites were used repeatedly within a particular year and in subsequent years. Squid migrate in discrete schools separated by sex in the vicinity of the spawning sites; these schools mix during spawning. Mating and egg deposition behaviour is described from observations made on the spawning grounds. Cannibalism was seen on a number of occasions, but no post-spawning mortality was recorded. Egg beds consisted mostly of large concentrations of egg strands (〉3 m in diameter), with smaller aggregations of one to ten egg strands surrounding these, with single strands in the immediate vicinity. Three basic patterns of echotraces were identified and interpreted according to diving observations. These patterns were classified as loose patches, dense patches, and complex patterns. The first two represent non-spawning schooling patterns and the third, mating and egg laying behaviour. This observation led to the general classification of squid aggregations: schools (non-spawning mode) and concentrations (spawning mode). Concentrations as far as Loligo vulgaris reynaudii was concerned were further divided into two patterns: suprabenthic and benthic (spawning) squid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350859
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    The location of spawning grounds, spawning and schooling behaviour of the squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (Cephalopoda: Myopsida) off the Eastern Cape Coast, South Africa (1992)
    Springer
    In:  Marine Biology, 114 (1). pp. 97-107.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-14
    Description: The location of spawning grounds of the squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii (D'Orbigny) was investigated in the years 1988–1990. At least 39 spawning sites were found during this period along the inshore areas of the Eastern Cape coastline between Algoa Bay and Plettenberg Bay. The substrate chosen for egg laying was mostly fine sand or flat reef, frequently in large and relatively shettered bays. Spawning was found to occur sporadically throughout the year, and some spawning sites were used repeatedly within a particular year and in subsequent years. Squid migrate in discrete schools separated by sex in the vicinity of the spawning sites; these schools mix during spawning. Mating and egg deposition behaviour is described from observations made on the spawning grounds. Cannibalism was seen on a number of occasions, but no post-spawning mortality was recorded. Egg beds consisted mostly of large concentrations of egg strands (〉3 m in diameter), with smaller aggregations of one to ten egg strands surrounding these, with single strands in the immediate vicinity. Three basic patterns of echotraces were identified and interpreted according to diving observations. These patterns were classified as loose patches, dense patches, and complex patterns. The first two represent non-spawning schooling patterns and the third, mating and egg laying behaviour. This observation led to the general classification of squid aggregations: schools (non-spawning mode) and concentrations (spawning mode). Concentrations as far as Loligo vulgaris reynaudii was concerned were further divided into two patterns: suprabenthic and benthic (spawning) squid.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Historical validation of morphological stages of sexual maturity chokker squid loligo vulgaris reynaudii d'orb (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) (1990)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  South African journal of marine science, 9 . pp. 189-200.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-26
    Description: Changes in the ovaries and testes during sexual maturation of Loligo vulgaris reynaudii were examined histologically. Fonnation and development of the spermatozoa and oocytes could be divided into four distinct stages for males and five for females, and frequencies of these stages in the morphologically determined categories of development of the whole reproductive System were calculated. These frequencies were then compared between morphological categories. Results showed that microscopic changes are reflected in macroscale changes for Categories I-IV, but differences between Categories IV and V are mostly morphological for both sexes. It is suggested that Loligo v. reynaudii is an intermittent spawner.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.2989/025776190784378682
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Fecundity, oogenesis, and ovulation pattern of southern African Lycoteuthis lorigera (Steenstrup, 1875) (2014)
    Springer
    In:  Hydrobiologia, 725 (1). pp. 23-32.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-02
    Description: Lycoteuthis lorigera is among the most abundant mesopelagic squid on the continental slope of the south Atlantic. It is the dominant prey in some commercially harvested groundfish. Despite its abundance and importance in the mesopelagic foodweb, its general biology is poorly known. In this study, the spawning pattern and fecundity of L. lorigera from southern African waters were investigated. Both histological examination and length frequency analysis of ovaries in various stages of development revealed that the ovulation pattern of L. lorigera is asynchronous, which indicates a spawning strategy where batches of eggs are spawned repeatedly over time. More specifically, ovulation is group synchronous, where distinct batches of 1,200–2,400 eggs ripen in the ovary and accumulate in the oviducts. The potential fecundity was estimated to be 20,000–50,000 in immature females (n = 6) and 8,000–25,000 in mature females (n = 21). The number of ripe eggs in the oviducts suggests that batches of spawned egg masses contain between 1,000 and 4,000 eggs. The reproductive strategy of L. lorigera is discussed and compared to the reproductive strategies of oceanic squid inhabiting the continental slope of southern Africa.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1007/s10750-013-1586-6
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Observations on age and reproduction of the oceanic squidAncistrocheirus lesueurii(d’Orbigny, 1842) (Cephalopoda: Ancistrocheiridae) (2015)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  Journal of Natural History, 49 (21-24). pp. 1319-1325.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-05-02
    Description: Despite the importance of Ancistrocheirus lesueurii in the diet of a wide variety of oceanic predators, many aspects of its biology are unknown. We report new observations on the reproductive system of the species and provide age estimates of one normal and two intersexual males based on the number of increments in the statoliths. The age of the examined mature males was estimated to be more than 2 years, increasing the maximum age known for males of the species. Female A. lesueurii have specific modified areas for spermatangia reception in the nuchal region. The morphology of the right hectocotylized ventral arm and the relatively large spermatophore are also described.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2013.840748
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 7
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    Food of the squid Ommastrephes bartramii (Lesueur, 1821) from the South-West Atlantic Ocean (1988)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  South African Journal of Marine Science, 6 (1). pp. 43-46.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-26
    Description: The diet of Ommastrephes bartramii (Lesueur, 1821) was determined by analysing the stomach contents of 73 squid caught in the South-West Atlantic Ocean. There were three main prey groups, Cephalopoda (in 82% of the squid stomachs), Osteichthyes (34%) and Crustacea (18%). Cannibalism was common. Squid of the families Histioteuthidae and Enoploteuthidae and other teuthoids were less frequent in the diet. The fish prey was predominantly Myctophidae, of various species. The bulk of the prey was mesopelagic species that migrate into the epipelagic layers at night.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.2989/025776188784480573
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 8
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    Food and feeding of Loligo vulgaris reynaudiifrom St. Francis Bay, South Africa (1987)
    Taylor & Francis
    In:  South African Journal of Marine Science, 5 (1). pp. 557-564.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-26
    Description: Change of colour, consistency and pH in contents of the caecum and the stomach of laboratory-maintained long-finned squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii were determined. There was relatively little variability in any of these parameters of the specimens investigated. Colour and consistency of food or emulsion were used as a basis of analysis of stomach-caecum contents of wild squid. Most squid fed late during the night and/or during the early morning, and the frequency of caecum colour categories did not change much between trawls. Wild squid preyed upon different organisms according to their size. Squid of 69–125 mm dorsal mantle length fed mainly on euphausiids (95% by frequency of occurrence, 87,5% by mass) and those of 126–240 mm mainly on fish (78 and 74,3% respectively) with Bregmaceros?macclellandii and hake as important components. Unidentified fish in the stomachs (i.e. those from which no otoliths were available) probably also belonged to these two species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.2989/025776187784522513
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 9
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    Cephalopods in the diet of the South African fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) (1990)
    Wiley-Blackwell
    In:  Journal of Zoology, 221 (3). pp. 359-374.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-07-17
    Description: The stomach contents of 1522 adult seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) and 673 pups, which were collected around the West and South Coasts of Southern Africa, were examined and cephalopod prey identified. About 20 cephalopod species (some identifications were uncertain) were found in the stomachs, of which only six were significant: Loligo vulgaris reynaudii. Sepia spp., Octopus sp., Todaropsis eblanae, Todarodes angolensis and Ocythoe tuberculata. This list suggests that A. pusillus feeds exclusively on the continental shelf, frequently on or near the bottom. Among adults, cephalopod prey varied in importance around the coast. It was most important on the South Coast of South Africa where it comprised 35.0% of the weight of all prey, of which L. v. veynaudii constituted about 88%. On the West Coast cephalopods comprised about 26.6% by weight of all prey, and Octopus sp. predominated, whereas in Namibian waters cephalopods were least important, constituting only 3.4% by weight of all prey, with Todarodes angolensis and Octopus sp. being most significant. Among pups (aged 8–10 months) in the Lüderitz (Namibia) area, cephalopods were about 16.9% of prey by weight, of which Ocythoe tuberculata, small Sepia spp. and Octopoda were most important.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb04007.x
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  • 10
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    Nuclear Microprobe Mapping of Statoliths of Chokka Squid Loligo vulgaris reynaudii d'Orbigny, 1845 (1997)
    Chicago University Press
    In:  The Biological Bulletin, 193 (2). pp. 125-140.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: Loliginid squid statoliths were broken in half and their elemental composition was assessed using the nuclear microprobe technique. Proton induced X-ray emission and proton backscattering were used simultaneously. True, quantitative maps of calcium and strontium distribution in the frontal plane were obtained using a rapid-matrix-transform method called Dynamic Analysis. These measurements were complemented by observations with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. In juvenile and adult statoliths, Sr was concentrated in the wing and adjacent areas, whereas the Ca concentration was highest on the edge of the lateral dome. In contrast, Sr and Ca were uniformly distributed in the statoliths of paralarval squid. Increments showed best definition in the areas anterior and adjacent to the wing, corresponding to areas of high Sr content. Although temperature, sex, maturity, and the administration of oxytetracycline may influence the quantitative distribution of Ca and Sr in the statoliths of adult squid, they do not appear to affect the general pattern described above. The finding that Sr is concentrated in regions adjacent to the macula where the clearest increments are found in loliginid statoliths supports the hypothesis linking strontium with the regulation of statolith deposition and the definition of daily increments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.2307/1542758
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