Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 01GQ1001E. - Verbund-Nummer 01077682 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden , Zusammenfassungen in deutscher und englischer Sprache

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: The Neurotrophin Family -- NGF, BDNF, NT3, and NT4 -- 1 Historical Background: Discovery of NGF and Other Neurotrophins -- 1.1 Discovery of NGF -- 1.2 Discovery of the Neurotrophin Gene Family -- 2 Neurotrophin Structure -- 3 Neurotrophin Receptors -- 4 Neurotrophin Processing and Secretion -- 5 Differential Activity of Neurotrophins and Proneurotrophins -- 6 Evolution of Neurotrophins -- 6.1 Invertebrate Origins of Neurotrophins -- 6.2 Evolutionary Adaptations of NGF -- 6.2.1 Mouse Saliva NGF -- 6.2.2 NGF as a Noxious Component of Venoms -- 6.2.3 Fowlpox NGF -- References -- Deciphering Proneurotrophin Actions -- 1 Actions in ProNGF in Development -- 2 ProNGF in Aging -- 3 ProNGF Actions Following Injury -- 3.1 ProNGF Actions in Non-neuronal Organ Systems -- 4 Acute Proneurotrophin Actions on Neuronal Morphology -- 5 ProBDNF Effects on Synaptic Plasticity -- 6 ProBDNF in Disease States -- 7 Other Proneurotrophins: ProNT-3 and ProNT-4 -- 8 Regulation of Conversion of Proneurotrophins to Mature Neurotrophins -- 9 Extracellular Cleavage of Proneurotrophins -- 10 Molecular Strategies to Alter ProNGF Effects -- References -- Spatiotemporal Intracellular Dynamics of Neurotrophin and Its Receptors. Implications for Neurotrophin Signaling and Neuronal ... -- 1 Secretion and Anterograde Transport of Neurotrophins and Their Receptors -- 1.1 Neurotrophin Discovery and Biological Sources -- 1.2 Coordination of Neurotrophin Processing, Local Translation, and Postsynaptic Secretion -- 1.3 Anterograde Transport of Neurotrophin and Its Receptors -- 2 Internalization and Retrograde Signaling of Neurotrophin Receptors -- 2.1 Trks Internalization and Intracellular Trafficking -- 2.2 p75 Internalization and Intracellular Trafficking -- 2.3 Neurotrophin Trafficking and Neurodegenerative Diseases. , 2.4 Mechanism of the Axonal Transport of Neurotrophin Signaling in Neurons -- 2.5 Retrograde Signaling and the Development of Proper Connectivity -- References -- Neurotrophins: Transcription and Translation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nerve Growth Factor -- 2.1 Expression Pattern and Regulation -- 2.2 Promoter Structure and Elements -- 2.3 Regulation of mRNA Stability -- 3 Neurotrophin-3 -- 3.1 Expression Pattern and Regulation -- 3.2 Promoter Structure and Elements -- 4 Neurotrophin-4 -- 4.1 Expression Pattern and Regulation -- 4.2 Promoter Structure and Elements -- 5 Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor -- 5.1 Expression Pattern and Regulation -- 5.2 Promoter Structure -- 5.3 Promoter Regulation -- 5.3.1 Promoter I -- 5.3.2 Promoter II -- 5.3.3 Promoter IV -- 5.4 Chromatin Regulation -- 5.4.1 Posttranslational Histone Modifications -- 5.4.2 DNA Methylation -- 5.5 Translational Regulation -- 5.5.1 MicroRNAs Targeting the Bdnf 3-UTR -- 5.5.2 Natural Antisense BDNF Transcripts -- 5.5.3 Dendritic Trafficking of Bdnf mRNA -- References -- Part II: Neurotrophin Receptors -- Trk Receptors -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structure -- 3 Ligands -- 4 Signaling -- 4.1 PLC-gamma -- 4.2 PI3K-Akt -- 4.3 Erk -- 5 Alternatives to Ligand Binding: Transactivation of Trk Receptors -- 6 Membrane Trafficking -- 6.1 Receptor Recycling and Degradation -- 6.2 Retrograde Axonal Transport -- 7 Effects of Trk Signaling on the Nervous System -- 7.1 Neuronal Survival -- 7.2 Morphological Effects -- 7.3 Synaptic Plasticity -- 8 Truncated Trk Receptors -- 9 Trk Signaling in Disease -- References -- The Biological Functions and Signaling Mechanisms of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Structure -- 3 Apoptotic Signaling -- 3.1 Activation of the Mitochondrial Cascade -- 3.2 Cytosolic Factors Linking p75NTR to JNK -- 3.3 Other Factors Involved in p75NTR Mediated Apoptosis. , 3.4 Regulated Intramembrane Proteolysis of p75NTR -- 3.5 Proneurotrophins and Sortilin -- 3.6 Apoptotic Role of p75NTR in Pathology -- 4 Promotion of Cell Survival -- 4.1 P75NTR Interactions with the Trks -- 4.2 P75NTR Activation of NFkappaB -- 5 Regulation of the Cell Cycle -- 6 Regulation of Synaptic Plasticity -- 7 Promotion of Peripheral Myelination -- 8 Regulation of Neurite Growth and Axonal Degeneration -- References -- Sortilins in Neurotrophic Factor Signaling -- 1 The Vps10p Domain Receptor Family: Sortilins -- 2 The Vps10p Domain Structure -- 3 Ligands of Sortilins -- 4 Processing Conditions Sortilin and SorLA for Ligand Binding -- 5 Cellular Trafficking of Sortilins -- 6 Sortilin in Proneurotrophin-Induced Apoptosis -- 7 Sortilins and Proneurotrophin Signaling -- 8 Potentiation of Neurotrophic Factor Signaling by Sortilins -- 9 Sortilins and Neuronal Disease -- 10 The Role of Sortilins in Metabolic Disorders -- References -- Part III: The Biology of Neurotrophins -- Neurotrophins in the Regulation of Cellular Survival and Death -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Neurotrophins Promote the Survival of Neurons Through Trk Receptors -- 2.1 Neurotrophins and the Trk Receptors Support Survival of Developing Peripheral Neurons -- 2.2 Neurotrophins and Central Neuron Survival -- 2.3 BDNF May Act as a Survival Factor After Injury -- 2.4 Trk Signaling Promotes Survival -- 2.5 Retrograde Survival Signaling -- 3 Promotion of Survival by the P75NTR -- 3.1 Genetic Evidence -- 3.2 Prosurvival Signaling Pathways Activated by p75NTR -- 4 Promotion of Cell Death by the p75NTR -- 4.1 p75NTR and Cell Death: Evidence from Genetic Data -- 4.2 p75NTR and Cell Death: Signaling -- 4.3 p75NTR and Cell Death: Role of pro-NGF -- 5 The Emergence of the Trk Receptors as Death Receptors -- 5.1 Trk Receptors Can Induce Death of Tumor Cells. , 5.2 Trk Receptors in the Death of Neurons -- References -- BDNF and Synaptic Plasticity, Cognitive Function, and Dysfunction -- 1 BDNF Regulation of Early Phase-LTP -- 1.1 Initial Discovery -- 1.2 Acute Versus Chronic Synaptic Modulation by BDNF -- 1.3 Activity-Dependent Secretion of BDNF and Its Role in Synapse Plasticity and Memory -- 1.4 Effect of tDCS on LTP and Motor Learning -- 1.5 Role of TrkB Trafficking -- 2 BDNF Regulation of Late Phase-LTP and Long-Term Memory -- 2.1 proBDNF Cleavage by tPA/Plasmin System Regulates Late Phase-LTP -- 2.2 BDNF Regulation of Long-Term Memory -- 2.3 BDNF-TrkB Signaling in Synaptic and Behavior Tagging -- 2.4 Role of Untranslated Region (UTR) of BDNF mRNA -- 3 BDNF Regulation of Long-Term Depression -- 3.1 proBDNF Effect on LTD -- 3.2 Opposing Effects of proBDNF and Mature BDNF: Yin-Yang Hypothesis -- 3.3 Role of p75 and LTD in Stress Coping and Anxiety -- 4 BDNF Regulation of GABAergic Network -- 4.1 Activity-Dependent Transcription and GABAergic Interneurons -- 4.2 BDNF-TrkB Controls Network Oscillations Through Regulation of PV Interneurons -- References -- Nerve Growth Factor and Nociception: From Experimental Embryology to New Analgesic Therapy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Experimental Embryology Leads the Way -- 3 NGF and Hyperalgesia: The Linchpin Theory 1993 -- 4 NGF-Dependent Heat Hyperalgesia: Molecular Mechanisms -- 5 Mechanisms of NGF-Dependent Mechanical Hyperalgesia -- 6 Cell Biology of Long-Lasting Sensitization Induced by NGF -- 7 The NGF Nexus of Pain -- References -- Neurotrophins and the Regulation of Energy Balance and Body Weight -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Brain Circuits Regulating Feeding Behavior -- 3 BDNF -- 4 NGF, NT-3, and NT-4 -- 5 CNTF -- 6 GDNF -- 7 Summary -- References -- The Biology of Neurotrophins: Cardiovascular Function -- 1 Introduction. , 2 Neurotrophins and Cardiovascular Development -- 3 Neurotrophins and the Development of Neurons Involved in Cardiovascular Control -- 4 Neurotrophins in Adult Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology -- 5 Neurotrophin Regulation of Angiogenesis -- 5.1 Hindlimb Ischemia -- 5.2 Diabetes -- 5.3 Myocardial Ischemia -- 5.4 Heart Failure -- 5.5 Atherosclerosis -- 6 Neurotrophin Regulation of Nerves Involved in Cardiovascular Function -- 6.1 Myocardial Ischemia and Congestive Heart Failure -- 6.2 Diabetes -- 6.3 Hypertension -- 7 Summary -- References -- Neurotrophin Signalling and Transcription Programmes Interactions in the Development of Somatosensory Neurons -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Neurotrophin-Trk Signalling and Functional Sub-classes of Somatosensory Neurons (Fig.1) -- 3 Early Effects of Neurotrophins -- 3.1 Proliferation and Cell Cycle Exit -- 3.2 From Dividing Neuronal Progenitors to Post-mitotic Sensory Neurons -- 4 Transcription Programmes in the Development of Somatosensory Neurons (Fig.2) -- 4.1 Retrograde Control of Transcription Factor Expression by Neurotrophin Signalling -- References -- Part IV: Neurotrophins in Pathological Conditions -- Huntington´s Disease -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Wild-Type Huntingtin and BDNF Gene Transcription -- 2.1 In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence of a Link Between Wild-Type Huntingtin and BDNF -- 2.2 The Involvement of REST/NRSF in Huntingtin´s Activity in the CNS -- 2.3 Beyond BDNF: An Expanded Role for Wild-Type Huntingtin in Neuronal Gene Transcription -- 3 Reduced BDNF Gene Transcription in HD -- 3.1 Evidence from HD Cell and Animal Models -- 3.2 Reduced BDNF Promoter II Activity in HD -- 3.3 A Gained Toxic Activity of Mutant Huntingtin on BDNF Promoter IV and VI -- 4 Huntingtin and BDNF Vesicles Transport -- 4.1 Huntingtin as a Scaffolding Protein That Drives BDNF Vesicles Transport. , 4.2 The Impact of the HD Mutation on BDNF Vesicles Transport.