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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wissenschaftliche Vorbereitung der operationellen Datenauswertung und Entwicklung neuer Datenprodukte für GMES Sentinel 5 Precursor : Abschlussbericht zum DLR-Vorhaben : Bewilligungszeitraum: 01.01.2013-31.08.2016 (2016)
    [Bremen] : [Universität Bremen, Institut für Fernerkundung]
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Luftverschmutzung ; Adsorptionsspektroskopie ; Spurenstoff
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (43 Seiten, 4,21 MB) , Diagramme
    URL: https://doi.org/10.2314/GBV:101930152X
    DOI: 10.2314/GBV:101930152X
    Language: German
    Note: Förderkennzeichen BMBF 50EE1247 , Unterschiede zwischen dem gedruckten Dokument und der elektronischen Ressource können nicht ausgeschlossen werden
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogels of poly(vinyl alcohol) and collagen as new bioartificial materials (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 4 (1993), S. 538-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Poly(vinyl alcohol) was used to make hydrogels containing various amounts of collagen. These “bioartificial materials”, made of synthetic and biological polymers, were studied to investigate the effect of the presence of the collagen on the structural properties of the hydrogels. A comparison between thermal and morphological properties of collagen-containing hydrogels and hydrogels of pure poly(vinyl alcohol) was made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00125590
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blends of hyaluronic acid derivatives with ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers as potential biomaterials (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 872-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Films were prepared by solution casting from blends of hyaluronic acid derivatives and ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers. A chemico-physical and biological characterization was carried out on these “bioartificial materials” made of synthetic and biological polymers. The morphological and chemical properties of the films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The transport properties of these films were tested in liquid systems to evaluate their possible use in dialysis and/or haemodialysis. The biocompatibility was investigated by a haemocompatibility test based on the contact activation of plasma prekallikrein. No particular interaction between the two components was observed. The results of the permeation tests were compared with those obtained using commercial products such as Cuprophane and poly(acrylonitrile) membranes. These tests indicate that the permeability of the blends decreases as the content of the synthetic polymer increases. The good haemocompatibility of these materials suggests their possible use as biomaterials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01172028
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(ester-ether-ester) block copolymers as biomaterials (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Poly(ester-ether-ester) block copolymers, belonging to a class of biodegradable materials, were synthesized from poly(ethylene glycol) and ε-caprolactone by a simple ring-opening mechanism, which avoids the use of potentially toxic inorganic or organometallic initiators. The morphological and mechanical properties of such materials were investigated by gelpermeation chromatography, vapour pressure osmometry, proton magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffractometry and stress-strain tensile tests. The biocompatibility was investigated by cytotoxicity and hemocompatibility tests; the cytotoxicity was tested by the Neutral Red uptake assay, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, the Kenacid Blue R-binding method, and by the cell proliferation test on polymer films; the hemocompatibility was tested by the contact activation both of the coagulation cascade (intrinsic pathway), by the plasma prekallikrein activation test, and of the thrombocytes, by measuring the release of platelet factor 4 and β-thromboglobulin. The experimental results show that such a polymerization process permits high-molecular mass block copolymers with relatively good tensile and mechanical properties to be obtained. Their cyto- and hemo-compatibility makes them suitable for employment as biomaterials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00121151
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro biocompatibility of fluorinated polyurethanes (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 452-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The in vitro biocompatibility of fluorinated polyurethanes (FPUs), labelled as FPU 42, 52, 58, and 60, was evaluated by means of thrombogenicity, cytoxicity and cytocompatibility tests. Cardiothane® was taken as control material. The thrombogenicity was tested on thin material films by measuring the activation of prekallikrein (PKK) to kallikrein (KK). Level I cytoxicity tests of the bulk materials, i.e. Neutral Red (NR) uptake, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and Kenacid Blue (KB) assays, were performed to assess the influence of the polymer extracts on, respectively, lysosomes, mitochondria and cell proliferation. The cytocompatibility was evaluated, on thin membranes made by a spraying phase-inversion process, by measuring the area of the polymer surface covered by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) 1 week after seeding. The results indicate that all the polymers are not thrombogenic, and not cytotoxic. The FPUs that contain polycaprolactone glycol (PCLG) (FPU 52 and 60) instead of poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMEG) (FPU 42 and 58) as soft segment show the lowest thrombogenicity and the best cytocompatibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058982
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing the genetic divergence of Pinus leucodermis Ant. endangered populations: use of molecular markers for conservation purposes (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 1138-1146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Allozymes ; RAPDs ; Genetic differentiation ; Linkage disequilibrium ; Population genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In this study, 23 previously identified Mendelian RAPD markers and 16 polymorphic allozymic markers were used to assess divergence among two Greek populations and five Italian populations of Pinus leucodermis. Confidence intervals of observed genetic divergence were obtained using bootstrap analysis. Divergence among Italian populations was found to be about as large as that between Italian and Greek populations. Since it is likely that the split of two nuclei took place more than 10,000 years ago, a larger differentiation between, rather than within, the above nuclei was expected. If genetic drift was responsible for the larger divergence of Italian populations, large randomly generated disequilibrium between alleles at neutral, unlinked loci was expected. Indeed, the proportion of pairs of loci showing a non-random association of alleles within each of the Italian populations was larger than what was expected by pure chance (7.95–10.88%). Effective population size based on randomly generated disequilibrium was quite small for three out of the five populations considered (N e =17.31±1.88, 16.57± 1.73, and 31.41±7.26, respectively). The implications of the results with respect to the conservation of endangered species of trees are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050674
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical and biological stability of dehydro-thermally crosslinked collagen—poly(vinyl alcohol) blends (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 882-886 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Dehydro-thermal treatments for 3, 24 and 72 h were used to crosslink blends of collagen and poly(vinyl alcohol) with various compositions. This crosslinking method increases the biological stabilityin vitro of collagen, as was established by an enzymatic test. When the poly(vinyl alcohol) content is not more than 20% the resistance of collagen to enzymatic digestion is not affected by the presence of the synthetic component. A higher content of poly(vinyl alcohol) produces a steric hindrance screening that enhances the resistance of collagen to the collagenase. Dehydro-thermal treatment performed for 24 and 72 h increases the crystallinity of poly(vinyl alcohol), thus reducing the solubility of this component of the blend. Calorimetric analysis was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the structure and the thermal stability of the blends. Dehydro-thermal treatments carried out for 24 and 72 h induce high degrees of crosslinking in collagen and high crystallinity in poly(vinyl alcohol). The two components of the blend seem to create independent structures and the blend can show interpenetrating-network-like behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01172030
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and characterization of permselective, biocompatible membranes for the macroencapsulation of pancreatic islets (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 887-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Polymeric membranes were prepared by mixing poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly (acrilic acid) (PAA) solutions (10/90 weight ratio), freeze-drying and crosslinking under vacuum. The membranes were then coated with alginic acid sodium salt, and gelation was accomplished by calcium chloride. The resulting membrane structure was essentially trabecular, with pore size ranging from 50 to 100 μm. Glucose and insulin diffusions reached a plateau at 2 and 32 min, respectively. Immunoglobulins and red blood cells did not cross the membranes. Gelpermeation HPLC showed that the membrane wall was impermeable to compounds with a molecular weight higher than 100 000 D. Biocompatibility of the membranes was demonstrated by showing minimal fibrotic reaction at 3 weeks after intraperitoneal implantation into mice. Porcine islets were placed into the membranes and cultured at 37°C for 7 days, at which time the incapsulated were shown to release insulin in response to glucose. These results support the use of PVA/PAA membranes for bioartificial pancreas studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01172031
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Block copolymers of L-lactide and poly(ethylene glycol) for biomedical applications (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1994), S. 308-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Poly (L-lactide)-poly (oxyethylene)-poly (L-lactide) block copolymers obtained in bulk, by a ring opening mechanism, from poly (ethylene glycol)s (PEG)s and L-lactide (LA), at 120–140°C, in the absence of added catalysts are described. By using PEGs with different molecular masses, 3000 and 35000, respectively, and varying the initial molar ratio LA to PEG, two series of copolymers with different molecular masses, relative length of blocks and hydrophilicity were obtained. Physico-chemical characterization of the copolymers had been previously performed. The morphological characteristics of the copolymers were investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy. The biological properties of the materials were determined by evaluating their cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, hemocompatibility and degradability using different standard tests. The results obtained indicate that the block copolymers synthesized may be useful for biomedical applications, in particular as resorbable drug vehicles. The materials are brittle and their mechanical properties are not appropriate for implant devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058953
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
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    Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms Determining Arctic Amplification: A Review of First Results and Prospects of the (AC)3 Project (2023)
    American Meteorological Society
    In:  EPIC3Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, 104(1), pp. e208-e242, ISSN: 0003-0007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-26
    Description: Mechanisms behind the phenomenon of Arctic amplification are widely discussed. To contribute to this debate, the (AC)3 project was established in 2016 (www.ac3-tr.de/). It comprises modeling and data analysis efforts as well as observational elements. The project has assembled a wealth of ground-based, airborne, shipborne, and satellite data of physical, chemical, and meteorological properties of the Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, and upper ocean that are available for the Arctic climate research community. Short-term changes and indications of long-term trends in Arctic climate parameters have been detected using existing and new data. For example, a distinct atmospheric moistening, an increase of regional storm activities, an amplified winter warming in the Svalbard and North Pole regions, and a decrease of sea ice thickness in the Fram Strait and of snow depth on sea ice have been identified. A positive trend of tropospheric bromine monoxide (BrO) column densities during polar spring was verified. Local marine/biogenic sources for cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles were found. Atmospheric–ocean and radiative transfer models were advanced by applying new parameterizations of surface albedo, cloud droplet activation, convective plumes and related processes over leads, and turbulent transfer coefficients for stable surface layers. Four modes of the surface radiative energy budget were explored and reproduced by simulations. To advance the future synthesis of the results, cross-cutting activities are being developed aiming to answer key questions in four focus areas: lapse rate feedback, surface processes, Arctic mixed-phase clouds, and airmass transport and transformation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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