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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 91 (1996), S. 101-109 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Echo contrast agents ; BY 963 ; Albunex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transpulmonary echo contrast agents improve the evaluation of left ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography due to a better endocardial border delineation. To compare the contrast effect in the right and left ventricular cavities, a new transpulmonary echocontrast agent, BY 963 and Albunex were intravenously administered to five non-anaesthetized dogs. The right and left ventricular echocardiographic image intensities were quantitatively measured at 60 cardiac cycles using a commercially available ultrasound system. BY 963 and Albunex were intravenously administered at three doses: 0.01 ml/Kg, 0.05 ml/Kg and 0.1 ml/Kg. The area under the curve (AUC, intensity units x heart cycles) and peak intensity (Peak I, intensity units) were estimated for the right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) cavities at the mid ventricular level using acoustic intensitometry. BY 963 injection produced the following values: At the dose of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 ml/Kg the AUC amounted to 702±449, 877±470 and 890±320 intensity units x heart cycles in RV and to 542±406, 806±557 and 721±392 in LV (LV/RV ratios: 77%, 92% and 81%). Peak I was at the doses 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 ml/Kg 29±4.7, 33±5.2 and 35±3.2 intensity units in RV and 18±5.9, 21±6.2 and 20±3.3 in LV (LV/RV ratios: 62%, 64% and 57%). Albunex also produced right and left heart opacification values: at the doses 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 ml/Kg the AUC amounted to 416±231, 493±231 and 674±390 in RV and to 71±71, 158±102 and 277±120 in LV (LV/RV ratios: 17%, 34% abd 41%). Peak I was at the doses of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 ml/Kg 19±5.2, 23±5.4 and 29±4.1 in RV and 8±4.8, 13±4.7 and 17±3.2 in LV (LV/RV ratios: 42%, 57% and 59%). Intravenous injection of BY 963 leads to complete opacification of the left ventricular cavity and to high AUC values and peak intensity values at all three dosages. The loss of contrast effect from the right to the left ventricular cavity was very low: the LV/RV ratio of BY 963 was higher than that of Albunex. The new transpulmonary echo contrast agent BY 963 promises to be an excellent echo contrast agent for the noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Myocardial asynchrony – coronary artery disease – tissue Doppler echocardiography – isovolumic relaxation time –“hibernating myocardium” ; Schlüsselwörter Myokardiale Asynchronie – koronare Herzerkrankung – Gewebe-Doppler-Echokardiographie – isovolumetrische Relaxationszeit –“hibernating myocardium”
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The asynchrony of the heart in patients with coronary artery disease can be detected by digitized cine- and radionuclidventriculography. Both methods require time-consuming offline analysis. The aim of the current study was the assessment of the clinical value of the recently developed tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) to detect myocardial asynchrony. In the current study, 21 healthy subjects (age 49 ± 14 y) and 22 patients with known coronary artery disease (20 with 〉 70 % luminal narrowing of the LAD, 4 with a history of CABG, age 58 ± 12 y) were included. In the apical 4-chamber-view, midseptal and midlateral LV segments were analyzed by 2-D and M-Mode-TDE. Evaluation was possible in 20 healthy subjects (95 %) and 20 CAD patients (91 %). During isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) healthy subjects showed slow synchronous outward motion of the septum and the free wall with homogenous color coding (blue/green) and low negative tissue velocities followed by rapid symmetrical outward motion during rapid filling (RF) and atrial contraction (AC) phase (high negative velocities). During diastasis (DI) almost no wall motion could be detected. In 17 (85%) of 20 CAD patients, myocardial asynchrony during IVRT was detected; while the septum was moving inward (red coding with low positive velocities), the free wall was moving outward (blue green coding with low negative/velocities). After opening of the mitral valve, all CAD patients showed rapid, symmetrical outward motion of both the septum and the free wall with homogenous color coding and high negative tissue velocities. Conclusion: Tissue Doppler echocardiography detects ventricular asynchrony online. In patients with significant LAD stenosis, a pathological septal movement is observed during isovolumic relaxation time. Determinants of the etiology could be chronic hypoperfusion or ischemia (“hibernating myocardium”).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine myokardiale Asynchronie bei Patienten mit stenosierender, koronarer Herzerkrankung kann mittels digitalisierter Cine- oder Radionuklidventrikulographie erkkannt werden. Beide Verfahren erfordern aufwendige Off-line-Analysen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Prüfung der Frage, ob auch mit dem neu entwickelten Verfahren der Gewebe-Doppler-Echokardiographie eine Aufdeckung ventrikulärer Asynchronie möglich ist. In die Studie eingeschlossen wurden 21 gesunde Probanden (Alter 49 ± 14 J.) und 22 Patienten mit bekannter KHK (20 mit mehr als 70%iger RIVA-Stenose, vier mit aortokoronarer Bypass-Operation in der Anamnese, Alter 58 ± 12 J.). Im apikalen Vier-Kammer-Schnitt wurden die mittleren septalen und mittleren lateralen LV-Abschnitte mittels 2-D- und M-Mode-TDE analysiert. Auswertbar waren die Untersuchungen von 20 Gesunden (95 %) und 20 KHK-Patienten (91 %). In der isovolumetrischen Relaxationszeit (IVRT) zeigten Septum und Lateralwand bei Gesunden eine langsame, synchrone Auswärtsbewegung mit gleichsinniger Farbkodierung (blau/grün) und niedrigen, negativen Wandgeschwindigkeiten, gefolgt von einer schnellen, symmetrischen Auswärtsbewegung während rascher Füllung und Vorhofkontraktion (hohe, negative Geschwindigkeiten). In der Diastase war mittdiastolisch nahezu keine Wandbewegung nachweisbar. Bei 17 (85 %) von 20 auswertbaren KHK-Patienten fand sich in der IVRT eine myokardiale Asynchronie: während das Septum eine Einwärtsbewegung zeigte (rote Farbkodierung mit niedrigen, positiven Geschwindigkeiten), führte die Lateralwand eine Auswärtsbewegung (blaue/grüne Kodierung, niedrige, negative Geschwindigkeiten) aus. Nach Mitralklappenöffnung zeigten alle KHK-Patienten eine synchrone, schnelle Auswärtsbewegung von Septum und Lateralwand während rascher Füllung und Vorhofkontraktion (hohe, negative Geschwindigkeiten). Schlußfolgerung: Die Gewebe-Doppler-Echokardiographie ermöglicht die direkte Aufdeckung einer ventrikulären Asynchronie. Bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung und signifikanter RIVA-Stenose wird diese in der isovolumetrischen Relaxationszeit beobachtet. Mögliche Determinanten einer Entstehung sind chronische Hypoperfusion oder Ischämie ((“hibernating myocardium”).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 13 (1997), S. 387-394 
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: stress echocardiography ; contrast agents ; BY 963 ; exercise testing reproducibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Despite the widespread use of stress echocardiography, its reproducibility is still limited by high interobserver variability. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to improve the reproducibility of a stress (exercise) echocardiography using a new transpulmonary ultrasound agent (BY 963). Stress echocardiography was performed in 12 healthy volunteers with suboptimal endocardial border delineation during exercise echocardiography. A special 45° lateral tilted bike stress echocardiography table was used for exercise testing. Echocardiographic images were recorded on-line at rest and during exercise on a video tape and additionally digitized on-line on a stress echo computer. End-diastolic (EDVml), end-systolic (ESVml) volume and ejection fraction (EF%) were estimated in the 4-chamber view. The measurements were performed before and after injection of 2.5 ml and 5 ml BY963 at rest and in maximal exercise. A new contrast agent (BY 963) leads to a sufficient contrast effect for the left ventricular cavity after intravenous administration and permits a good delineation of left the endocardial border. The interobserver variability was determined using blinded investigation by two observers. The correlation of EDV and ESV determination at rest was r = 0.68/0.33, after 2.5 ml BY 963 r = 0.97/0.93 and after 5 ml BY 963 r = 0.90/0.93. The correlation for EDV and ESV during exercise was r = 0.52/0.33, after 2.5 ml BY 963 r = 0.88/0.80 and after 5 ml BY 963 r = 0.95/0.92. At rest mean EF without contrast was 61 ± 6%/67 ± 7% (r = 0. 130), after 2.5 ml BY 963 i.v. 69 ± 8%/72 ± 7% (r = 0.82) and after 5 ml BY 963 i.v. 73 ± 8%/73 ± 8% (r = 0.98%) respectively. In exercise, mean EF without contrast was 68 ± 8%/70 ± 6 (r = 0.013), after 2.5 ml BY 963 83 ± 6%/81 ± 5 and after 5 ml 83 ± 4%/82 ± 3 (r = 0.86). Summary: The estimation of the end-systolic volume in exercise will be improved significantly and the estimated EF values will be higher compared to EF values obtained without contrast application. Transpulmonary contrast echocardiography for analysis of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction can be routinely used in stress echocardiography. Intravenous administration of BY 963 improves the reproducibility of quantitative analysis of left ventricular function in healthy volunteers. Further studies in patients with cardiac diseases are required to corroborate this observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2016-10-19
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4539
    Topics: Medicine
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