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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Verbundprojekt: Laserdiagnostische und plasmatechnologische Grundlagen zur Verminderung von Emissionen und Kraftstoffverbrauch von DI-Verbrennungsmotoren : Teilvorhaben: 2D-Streulicht- und Fluoreszenztechniken zur Analyse von Ladungsschichtung und Durchbrennverhalten bei der Benzindirekteinspritzung (2001)
    Erlangen-Nürnberg
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Forschungsbericht ; Ottomotor ; Direkteinspritzung ; Gemischbildung ; Verbrennung ; Raman-Spektroskopie ; Laserinduzierte Fluoreszenz
    Description / Table of Contents: Gasoline direct injection, mixture formation, Mie-scattering, laser induced fluorescence, linear Raman spectroscopy
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: Online Ressource, 73 p. = 9,95 Mb., text and images , ill., graph
    Edition: [Elektronische Ressource]
    Series Statement: Laser 2000, Laserunterstützte Diagnostik und Prüfverfahren / Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb01/330841203.pdf
    URL: https://edocs.tib.eu/files/e01fb01/330841203l.pdf
    Language: German
    Note: Differences between the printed and electronic version of the document are possible. - Contract BMBF 13 N 7179/0. - nBibliography p. 69 - 72 , Also available as printed version , Systemvoraussetzungen: Acrobat Reader.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nondestructive probing of free jets using cw laser Raman spectroscopy
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Optics and Laser Technology 13 (1981), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-3992
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0030-3992(81)90087-6
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Condensation of steam on the surface of hard coated copper discs (1997)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 32 (1997), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung  Die Film-(FK) und Tropfenkondensation (TK) von Wasserdampf bei Umgebungsdruck wurde unter-sucht. Dabei wurden mit Silicium modifizierte amorphe Kohlenwasserstoff-Schichten (a-C : H-Si) in unterschiedlichen Dicken auf Kupferscheiben eingesetzt. Mit der TK werden an vertikal orientierten Kondensatoroberflächen Wärmeüber-gangskoeffizienten erreicht, die um den Faktor 10 größer sind als bei FK, deren Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten als Funktion der Unterkühlung in sehr guter Übereinstimmung zur Nusseltschen Wasserhauttheorie ermittelt wurden. Bei einer Wandneigung von 180° (waagerechte Wand und hängende Tropfen) betragen die Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten bei TK nur 40% der Maximalwerte, die bei vertikaler Orientierung erreicht werden. Der Mittelwert über die Neigungswinkel von 30°–180° wird berechnet zu 87.6% der Maximalwerte bei der 90°- Orientierung. Die Nutzung von Teilbeschichtungen auf den Kupferscheiben zeigt eine starke Erhöhung der Wärme-übertragungsleistung bei TK im Vergleich zur FK selbst für relativ kleine Beschichtungsanteile (z. B. erreicht eine Teilbe-schichtung von nur 19% der Kondensatoroberfläche einen Vergrößerungsfaktor von 2,3 bei einem Kühlwasservolumen-strom von 4 m3/h). Die diamantähnlichen Eigenschaften der a-C : H-Schichten stellen hohe Standzeit und damit auch eine Möglichkeit zur Realisierung der TK in technischen Systemen in Aussicht.
    Notes: Abstract  At atmospheric pressure filmwise (FWC) and dropwise (DWC) condensation have been studied on the surface of copper discs which were coated by silicon-modified amorpheous hydrogenated carbon (a-C : H-Si) films of different thickness. On vertically oriented surfaces the DWC heat transfer coefficients were found to be larger by a factor of about 10 than the FWC coefficients which follow as function of surface subcooling temperature quite well Nusselt’s theory. Varying the angle of surface inclination, the DWC coefficient decreased down to about 40% of the vertical-surface values for 180° (face down orientation). The mean value for all inclination angles between 30° and 180° was calculated to be 87.6% of the maximum value for the 90°-orientation. Partly coating of the copper surface indicates a strong heat transfer enhancement of DWC over FWC even for relative small coated parts (e.g., 19%-coating yields an enhancement by a factor 2.3 for a cooling water flow rate of 4 m3/h). The diamond like properties of the a-C : H-coatings promise long stand times and thus application also in real technical condensation systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310050105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review on time-resolved two-dimensional gas concentration mapping in turbulent flows using molecule-sensitive light scattering techniques (1984)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 18 (1984), S. 237-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Übersichtsbeitrag wird die Anwend-barkeit von laser-induzierter Molekülfluoreszenz, Rayleigh und Raman Streuung zur quantitativen, zeitaufgelösten, zweidimensionalen Aufnahme der Gaskonzentration in turbulenten Strömungen dargestellt. Erste experimentelle Ergebnisse, von mehreren Arbeitsgruppen sowohl in kalten und chemisch nichtreagierenden als auch in heißen und reagierenden Gasströmungen erzielt, zeigen auf, daß alle drei Techniken genutzt werden können, um die Konzentrationsverteilung in ausgewählten Teilen von turbulenten Strömungen mit Hilfe eines zweidimensionalen optischen Vielkanal-Analysators darzustellen. Die gewonnenen Daten ermöglichen so eine quantitative Erforschung der turbulenten Mischungsmechanismen, und eine zeitaufgelöste Information über die sogenannten „Large-scale“-Strukturen ist erhältlich.
    Notes: Abstract The applicability of laser-induced molecular fluorescence, Rayleigh and Raman scattering for making quantitative, time-resolved two-dimensional gas concentration measurements in turbulent flows has been reviewed. Preliminary experimental results obtained as well in cold and chemically non-reacting as in hot and reactive gas flows by several working groups indicate, that all the three techniques can be used to monitor the concentration distribution in selected sections of turbulent flows using an optical multichannel analyzer for signal acquisition. The resulting data allow to quantitatively study the turbulent mixing mechanism. Time-resolved information about large-scale structures is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01007136
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Messung des binären Diffusionskoeffizienten in einem Entmischungssystem mit Hilfe der Photonen-Korrelationsspektroskopie (1988)
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 22 (1988), S. 365-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die dynamische Lichtstreuung in Form der Photonen-Korrelationsspektroskopie wird in einem Entmischungssystem beispielhaft zur Messung des binären Diffusionskoeffizienten eingesetzt. Mit einem Versuchsaufbau wird nahe dem kritischen Entmischungspunkt mit der Homodyn-Methode und weit davon entfernt mit der Heterodyn-Methode gearbeitet. Ein Verfahren ermöglicht die Korrektur der Störeinflüsse des Heterodyn-Anteils bei der Homodyn-Messung. Fürn-Hexan/Nitrobenzol wird der Diffusionskoeffizient für vier unterschiedliche Konzentrationswerte als Funktion der Temperatur ausgemessen. Bei der kritischen Konzentration zeigt er bei gleicher Temperatur den kleinsten Wert und läßt sich nahe dem kritischen Entmischungspunkt durch einen einfachen Potenzansatz mit der reduzierten Temperaturdifferenz ɛ =T (− Tc)/Tc ausdrücken. Die statistische Genauigkeit ist besser als 1 %. Die Übereinstimmung mit Literaturwerten ist gut.
    Notes: Abstract The dynamic light scattering in form of photon-correlation spectroscopy is examplary used in a separation system for measuring the binary diffusion coefficient. In a test setup the homodyntechnique is used near the critical separation point and in distance the heterodyn-technique is used. A special method allows the correction of the disturbing influences of the heterodyn-part using the homodyn-measuring. Forn-hexane/nitrobenzene the diffusion coefficient is measured for four different concentration values as a function of temperature. At the critical concentration with constant temperature the coefficient shows the minimum value and it is expressed near the critical separation point with an elementary exponential equation with the reduced temperature difference ɛ =T (− Tc)/Tc. The statistical precision is better than 1%. The conformity with the literature is well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01387893
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of particle diffusion coefficients with high accuracy by dynamic light scattering (1997)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 104 (1997), S. 110-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dynamic light scattering ; n-heptane ; particle diffusion ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract We present a novel optical scattering cell for the measurement of particle diffusion coefficients by dynamic light scattering, which may be utilised for particle size analysis and viscosity measurements. A major feature of the cell is that it allows measurements without knowledge of the refractive index of the dispersing liquid, which facilitates viscosity measurements over an extended range of temperature, where refractive indexes are often not found tabulated. This improvement is achieved by the use of a symmetrical set-up. The light scattering system has been tested by measuring the diffusion coefficient of silica particles in water, where the results showed a total standard deviation of 0.5% including measurements at various angles of incidence. In order to prove the capability of the system for accurate viscosity measurements,n-heptane, where reliable reference values are available, has been investigated in a temperature range of 20°–80°C. The viscosities measured showed a maximum deviation of the mean from the reference values of below 1.0%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01182423
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of toluene by photon correlation spectroscopy: A test of the accuracy of the method (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 16 (1995), S. 423-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: light scattering ; photon correlation spectroscopy ; thermal hditlltsivitv ; toluene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Absolute measurements of the thermal diffusivity of liquid toluene were performed by photon correlation spectroscopy between 393 and 523 K near the saturation line. The experimental method is based on a time-resolved analysis of the laser light scattered from local equilibrium fluctuations in a transparent sample. enabling us to obtain the thermal diffusivity in macroscopic thermodynamic equilibrium. The experimental results are compared with previous data obtained with the same method, with the transient-hot-wire technique. and also with calculated values of thermal dilhusivity from reference data for thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and density. They demonstrate an agreement of 2.5%. which is within the uncertainty of the reference data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01441908
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal diffusivity and ultrasonic velocity of saturated R125 (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 15 (1994), S. 387-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: light scattering ; refrigerants ; R125 ; thermal diffusivity ; sound velocity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report-to the best of our knowledge—the first data for the thermal diffusivity and ultrasonic velocity of both phases of saturated R125 in the temperature range from 20 °C to the critical point. The data were obtained in thermodynamic equilibrium by applying dynamic light scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01563704
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutual Diffusion Coefficient and Dynamic Viscosity Near the Critical Consolute Point Probed by Dynamic Light Scattering (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 791-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: binary mixture ; critical consolute point ; dynamic light scattering ; mutual diffusion coefficient ; nitroethane–isooctane ; triethylamine–water ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of applying dynamic light scattering to simultaneous determination of the mutual diffusion coefficient and the viscosity of binary liquid systems was studied near the critical consolute point. When seed particles are added to the system, the particle diffusion coefficient is measured, and the viscosity is obtained using the Stokes–Einstein relation. Since the amplitude of light scattered from concentration fluctuations is low in a mixture with a small difference between the refractive indices of the pure components, this approach allowed the determination of the viscosity of a critical mixture of nitroethane and isooctane, without a signal component from mutual diffusivity superimposed. In contrast, particle aggregation prevented the determination of the viscosity of a critical mixture of triethylamine and water. Despite this difficulty, and an unidentified contribution in the signals obtained, the mutual diffusion coefficient and the critical exponent v could be determined in this system without a noticeable influence from the addition of seed particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022670816359
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saturated Liquid Viscosity and Surface Tension of Alternative Refrigerants (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 21 (2000), S. 1225-1253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: dynamic light scattering ; R23 ; R32 ; R123 ; R125 ; R134a ; R143a ; R152a ; refrigerants ; surface light scattering ; surface tension ; viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Light scattering by thermally excited capillary waves on liquid surfaces or interfaces can be used for the investigation of viscoelastic properties of fluids. In this work, we carried out the simultaneous determination of the surface tension and the liquid kinematic viscosity of some alternative refrigerants by surface light scattering (SLS) on a gas–liquid interface. The experiments are based on a heterodyne detection scheme and signal analysis by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). R23 (trifluoromethane), R32 (difluoromethane), R125 (pentafluoroethane), R143a (1,1,1-trifluoroethane), R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane), R152a (1,1-difluoroethane), and R123 (2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane) were investigated under saturation conditions over a wide temperature range, from 233 K up to the critical point. It is estimated that the uncertainty of the present surface tension data for the whole temperature range is less than ±0.2 mN·m−1. For temperatures up to about 0.95T c, the kinematic viscosity of the liquid phase could be obtained with an absolute accuracy of better than 2%. For the highest temperatures studied in this work, measurements for the kinematic viscosity exhibit a maximum uncertainty of about ±4%. Viscosity and surface tension data are represented by a polynomial function of temperature and by a van der Waals-type surface tension equation, respectively. The results are discussed in detail with comparison to literature data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006689724974
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