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1

Electronic Resource

Midinfrared studies of the contact region at superconductor–semiconductor interfaces (2000)

Eckhause, T. A. ; Tsujino, S. ; Lehnert, K. W. ; [et al.]

Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 215-217

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ISSN: 1077-3118

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: InAs quantum wells (QWs) have been used as weak links in many recent studies of novel superconductor-normal metal–superconductor junctions. The degree of coupling between the superconducting electrodes depends sensitively on both the superconductor/InAs interface and the QW material in the weak link, factors that are difficult to separate in dc transport studies. Here we used midinfrared spectroscopy to investigate the superconductor/semiconductor contact region. The remnant intersubband absorption we observe in Nb-clad InAs shows that the superconductor/InAs interface produced some confinement of electrons in the InAs. This confinement is, however, consistent with phase coherent transport in the InAs. We find no evidence for charge transfer from the superconductor to the InAs on cooling below the critical temperature of Nb. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125706

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2

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Construction and Adhesive Properties of a Soluble MAdCAM-1-Fc Chimera Expressed in a Baculovirus System: Phylogenetic Conservation of Receptor-Ligand Interaction (1995)

YANG, Y. ; SAMMAR, M. ; HARRISON, J. E. B. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Scandinavian journal of immunology 42 (1995), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3083

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: MAdCAM-1 is a high endothelial venule adhesion molecule composed of immunoglobulin and mucin-like domains which binds the leucocyte integrin LPAM-1 (α4β7), and is largely responsible for the selective homing of lymphocytes to mucosal tissues. A novel soluble form of mouse MAdCAM-1 which is normally membrane bound has been produced by joining the extracellular region of the receptor to the Fc domain of human IgGl. The MAdCAM-1-Fc cDNA was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells infected with the recombinant virus produced MAdCAM-1-Fc as a disulfide-linked homodimer of 82kDa polypeptides, which was secreted into the culture medium at 〉 1 μg/ml. The product purified by Protein G-Sepharose was identified as authentic MAdCAM-1-Fc by the anti-MAdCAM-l monoclonal antibody (MoAb) MECA-367 using Western blot and ELISA analysis. When immobilized on glass it was fully functional in supporting the binding of mouse α4β1+α4β7+ mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes, and the α4β1−αβ7+ TK1 T cell lymphoma. Binding was enhanced by Mn++ -induced integrin activation, and specifically blocked by anti-integrin α4 subunit and anti-MAdCAM-1 MoAbs. Binding was blocked by pretreatment of cells with sodium azide, and EDTA, indicating that binding is an energy-dependent process which requires divalent cations. Thus the mouse MAdCAM-1-Fc chimera produced in insect cells retains certain functional properties that typify the native receptor, and should be valuable in analysing the role of MAdCAM-1 in lymphocyte recirculation and emigration. However it was not sialylated despite being post-translational modified with N- and O-linked carbohydrate moieties, suggesting that the ability of MAdCAM-1 to support cell adhesion under static conditions is sialylation-independent. A rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the entire cytopiasmic domain of the human integrin β7 subunit recognized LPAM-1-like molecules in human, rat, and mouse cells, suggesting a high degree of conservation of the MAdCAM-1 receptor across species. In agreement with this notion MAdCAM-1-Fc immobilized on glass was fully functional in supporting the cation-dependent binding of peripheral blood or spleen cells from a range of other species including human, rat, and guinea pig; and for human myeloid HL60 cells, binding was mediated by o4 integrins.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1995.tb03650.x

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Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean (2003)

Langmuir, C. H. ; Dick, H. J. B. ; Snow, J. E. ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.

Nature 423 (2003), S. 956-961

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] A high-resolution mapping and sampling study of the Gakkel ridge was accomplished during an international ice-breaker expedition to the high Arctic and North Pole in summer 2001. For this slowest-spreading endmember of the global mid-ocean-ridge system, predictions were that magmatism should ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01704

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4

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A new partial substitution mechanism of CO 3 2− /CO3OH3− and SiO 4 4− for the PO 4 3− group in hydroxyapatite from the Kaiserstuhl alkaline complex (SW-Germany) (1985)

Sommerauer, J. ; Katz-Lehnert, K.

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 91 (1985), S. 360-368

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Based on a detailed mineral-chemical investigation of apatite from a series of carbonatites and associated silicate volcanic rocks of the Kaiserstuhl tertiary alkaline volcanic centre, evidence for a new substitution mechanism was found within the hydroxyapatite group, yielding the following simplified formula: (Ca, Sr, LREE)10(SiO4)x(CO3)x(PO4)6−2x(OH, F)2 with 0〈x〈1.2 LREE represents light rare-earth elements such as Ce, La, and Nd. Other elements were detected included Cl, S and traces of Mg, Al, K, Fe, Mn, and Th, however they have no effect on the substitution mechanism found. F is present in varying amounts, although well under half of the total possible halogen content (3.7 wt.% F), and shows a distinct antipathetic concentration correlation with REE and Si (and in turn with C). Charge balance is generally maintained by the coupled substitution of CO 3 2− and SiO 4 4− for PO 4 3− ; however, excess charge may be subsequently adjusted by CO3OH3− partly accompanied by the REE in the Ca site.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374692

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5

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Trapped phosphate melt inclusions in silicate-carbonate-hydroxyapatite from comb-layer alvikites from the Kaiserstuhl carhonatite complex (SW-Germany) (1985)

Sommerauer, J. ; Katz-Lehnert, K.

Springer

Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 91 (1985), S. 354-359

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ISSN: 1432-0967

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract Structural and crystal-chemical observations on acicular and skeletal silicate-carbonate-hydroxyapatite crystals (SCHap) from comb-layer alvikite dykes of the Kaiserstuhl carbonatite complex yield strong evidence for their being quenched products. As well as being intimately intergrown with calcite, they also contain distinctive primary phosphate inclusions. In contrast to the host apatite, these inclusions are free of Si, low in LREE but enriched in Sr and the volatiles F and S, and contain a high concentration of Na. This pronounced fractionation combined with the absence of x-ray diffraction and electron diffraction patterns suggests that the phosphate inclusions represent portions of a trapped residual phosphate melt. Therefore the SCHap are considered to be the direct liquidus phase of a carbonate-phosphate melt. That two phosphate phases coexist, however, presumes strong enrichment of phosphorous in the parental carbonatitic melt, since the eutectic would otherwise produce calcite and apatite only. The formation of sharply interfaced apatite- and calcite-comb-layers and the occurrence of trapped phosphate melt inclusions in the quench apatites argue for the existence of two immiscible liquids such as a phosphate-rich and a carbonate-rich melt.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00374691

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6

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Über wahre und Scheinhoropteren (1942)

Lehnert, K.

Springer

Pflügers Archiv 245 (1942), S. 112-120

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ISSN: 1432-2013

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01753304

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7

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The electroencephalogram (EEG) as a research tool in human behavior genetics: Psychological examinations in healthy males with various inherited EEG variants (1979)

Vogel, F. ; Schalt, E. ; Krüger, J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 47 (1979), S. 1-45

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ISSN: 1432-1203

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Summary In the first section of this paper, various research designs in human behavior genetics are compared. In this context, the commonly used concept of biometric genetics is critically evaluated from the point of view of science theory. It is contrasted with the Mendelian gene concept, which, in principle, leads to a much deeper theoretical understanding by offering clues for basic mechanisms. To explore this advantage fully, a research strategy is needed that first looks for genetic variability in a physiological parameter of possible importance for human behavior and then tries to explore the influence of this parameter on the function of the human brain and on behavior. If possible, this genetic parameter should be selected in a way that inferences as to the mechanism of its influence on behavior become feasible. Such genetic variability is provided by the hereditary variants of the normal EEG discovered by earlier work (cf. Vogel, 1970). In the following section, a research program on 298 adult healthy males, most of them soldiers, with various inherited EEG variants is described. Apart from controls with inconspicuous EEGs, this material comprises probands with the following EEG variants: low-voltage (N); low-voltage borderline (NG); monotonous α-waves (R); occipital fast α-variants (BO); fronto-precentral β-groups (BG), and diffuse β-waves (BD). In addition to an EEG examination, the probands were examined with various test methods measuring intelligence (IST; LPS; Raven); working speed and concentration (d-2; KLT); personal attitudes (MMPI; 16 PF; RKS); and sensory and motor abilities (flicker fusion; tachistoscopy; reaction time to optic, acoustic and combined stimuli; two-hand dexterity; pursuit rotor; tapping). In a supplementary twin study on 52 male adult twin pairs (26 MZ, 26 DZ), heritabilities were determined for the test scores included in the main study. For most test scores, heritabilities are relatively low; the data are compared with those from the literature. We conclude that the test methods utilized in the main study (on EEG variants) are expected to demonstrate at the most a small to moderate correlation of the EEGs with psychological phenotypes as defined by test examinations, even if a major part of the genetic variability underlying these phenotypes would be due to differences in brain physiology that could be revealed by EEG variation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00295569

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Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean (2003)

Michael, P. J. ; Langmuir, C. H. ; Dick, H. J. B. ; [et al.]

Nature Publishing Group

In: Nature, 423 (6943). pp. 956-961.

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Publication Date: 2016-07-19

Description: A high-resolution mapping and sampling study of the Gakkel ridge was accomplished during an international ice-breaker expedition to the high Arctic and North Pole in summer 2001. For this slowest-spreading endmember of the global mid-ocean-ridge system, predictions were that magmatism should progressively diminish as the spreading rate decreases along the ridge, and that hydrothermal activity should be rare. Instead, it was found that magmatic variations are irregular, and that hydrothermal activity is abundant. A 300-kilometre-long central amagmatic zone, where mantle peridotites are emplaced directly in the ridge axis, lies between abundant, continuous volcanism in the west, and large, widely spaced volcanic centres in the east. These observations demonstrate that the extent of mantle melting is not a simple function of spreading rate: mantle temperatures at depth or mantle chemistry (or both) must vary significantly along-axis. Highly punctuated volcanism in the absence of ridge offsets suggests that first-order ridge segmentation is controlled by mantle processes of melting and melt segregation. The strong focusing of magmatic activity coupled with faulting may account for the unexpectedly high levels of hydrothermal activity observed.

Type: Article , PeerReviewed

Format: text

DOI: 10.1038/nature01704

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