Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Table of Contents -- Body -- Danksagung -- Kristina Lahl: Endpunkte. Und Neuanfänge. Geisteswissenschaftliche Annäherungen an die Dynamik von Zeitläuften. Vorwort -- Borut Ošlaj: Epochenbrüche als fingierte Endpunkte und Neuanfänge -- Robin Dolar: Was ist ein historischer Umbruch? -- Caspar Ehlers: Möglichkeiten und Perspektiven der rechtshistorischen Erforschung von Räumen - Das Beispiel Sachsens zwischen Karl dem Großen und Friedrich Barbarossa -- Katja Škrubej: Rechtsräume als (Fragestellungs-)Konzept und Versuch einer Rechstraumtypologie im Rahmen der slowenischen Rechtsgeschichte -- Michael Rohrschneider: Zäsur 1648? Die Westfälische Friedensordnung im Urteil der Publikationen zum Gedenkjahr 2018 -- Marko Štuhec: Klare Trennlinien oder verschwommener Berührungsraum? Zeitliche Markierungen der Frühen Neuzeit -- Schamma Schahadat: Epochenumbrüche - Die Inszenierung des Anfangs in der russischen Romantik und im russischen Realismus -- Špela Virant: Erzählte und erzählende Anfänge - Ein narratologischer Ansatz -- Jožef Muhovič: Die Kunst im Zeitalter der Erweiterung und der Überschreitung -- Harry Lehmann: Politische Kunst und die Politisierung der Künste -- Wolfgang Augustyn: Bilder des Friedens im Wandel - Alte und neue Denkmodelle -- Barbara Murovec: Das visualisierte Friedenskonzept eines Adeligen aus der Frühen Neuzeit. Pax in den Aufträgen von Ignaz Maria Graf Attems -- Manfred Weinberg: Hundert Jahre Übergang. Endpunkte und Neuanfänge in Mitteleuropa 1918-2019 -- Rok Stergar: Endloses Ende, unbestimmter Neuanfang. Die Entstehung des ersten Jugoslawien aus zeitgenössischen Perspektiven -- Günther Heydemann: Erfolgreiche Transformation - geglückte Einheit? Deutschland 30 Jahre nach der Wiedervereinigung. , Dušan Nečak: 31. Januar 1968. Die Diplomatie der DDR anläßlich der Wiederaufnahme von Beziehungen zwischen Jugoslawien und der BRD -- Janja Polajnar: Allheilmittel oder Patient namens Bologna? Dynamiken diskursiver Krankheits- und Medizinmetaphern im Bologna-Reform-Diskurs -- Heidrun Kämper: Bestreiten - Behaupten - Bezweifeln. Demokratie in der parteilichen Kontroverse -- Johannes Varwick: Die EU zwischen Krise und Neubeginn -- Sašo Jerše: Eine Epilog-Sinfonie (Anno horribili atque spectabili) -- Abbildungsnachweise -- Orts- und Namensregister -- Autorenverzeichnis.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Part I: Challenges -- Chapter 1: Factor X - 25 Years - "Factor X Concept" Is Essential for Achieving Sustainable Development -- 1.1 The Beginning - A Systemic Approach to "Earth Systems Policy" -- 1.2 How Big Is the X? - "An Eco Safety Factor" -- 1.3 Today's Options - Rethink, Redesign, Refuse, Repair, Reduce, Remanufacture, Reuse, Remodel, Recycle, Recover and Increase the Lifetime of Products -- 1.4 Tomorrow - Urgent Policy Mix for "System Earth" -- 1.4.1 Some Indispensable Elements of a Policy Mix Are -- 1.4.2 Happiness, a New Leitmotif -- References -- Chapter 2: Necessities for a Resource Efficient Europe -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Europe's Share -- 2.2.1 Measuring Our Consumption: Key for Decision Making -- 2.2.2 What Is the European Commission Doing? -- 2.2.3 A New Framework for Europe: The 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda -- 2.2.4 Time to Go Beyond Resource Efficiency -- 2.3 Tackling the Root Causes of Overconsumption -- 2.3.1 Governance -- 2.3.2 Financial Tools -- 2.3.2.1 Stop Harmful Subsidies and Tax the Bads, Not the Goods -- 2.3.2.2 Public Money Versus Private Money -- 2.3.3 Money Makes the World Go Down -- 2.3.4 Social Innovation and Behaviour Change -- 2.3.5 Other Business Models -- 2.3.6 Legal and Regulatory Frameworks -- 2.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Global Megatrends and Resource Use - A Systemic Reflection -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Root Cause of Observed Megatrends -- 3.3 Megatrends from 2015 and Beyond -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Data, Indicators and Targets for Comprehensive Resource Policies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Resource Accounting and Modelling Methodologies -- 4.2.1 Resource Accounting -- 4.2.2 Methodologies to Calculate Upstream Resource Flows and Footprints -- 4.2.2.1 Bottom-Up Approaches -- 4.2.2.2 Top-Down Approaches. , 4.2.2.3 Mixed Approaches -- 4.2.2.4 Calculations Based on Physical and/or Monetary Units -- 4.3 Empirical Trends -- 4.4 Decoupling -- 4.5 Requirements and Outlook -- 4.6 Targets for Sustainable Resource Use? -- References -- Chapter 5: The Critical Raw Materials Concept: Subjective, Multifactorial and Ever-Developing -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Methods of Criticality Analysis -- 5.3 Criticality Analysis According to VDI 4800 II -- 5.3.1 Supply Risk: Geological, Technical and Structural Criteria -- 5.3.1.1 Static Lifetime -- 5.3.1.2 Co-production/Auxiliary Production -- 5.3.1.3 Recycling -- 5.3.1.4 Logistical Restrictions -- 5.3.1.5 Restrictions Imposed by Natural Phenomena -- 5.3.2 Supply Risk: Geopolitical and Regulatory Criteria -- 5.3.2.1 Concentration of Reserves by Country -- 5.3.2.2 Concentration of Production by Country -- 5.3.2.3 Geopolitical Risks of Global Production -- 5.3.2.4 Regulatory Situation for Raw Material Projects -- 5.3.3 Supply Risk: Economic Criteria -- 5.3.3.1 Enterprise Concentration of Global Production -- 5.3.3.2 Global Demand Impulse -- 5.3.3.3 Substitutability -- 5.3.3.4 Raw Material Price Volatility -- 5.3.4 Interpretation of the Results Using Phosphate as a Case Study -- 5.3.4.1 Vulnerability -- 5.3.4.2 Supply Risk -- 5.3.4.3 Interpretation -- 5.4 Further Development of the Environmental Dimension -- 5.4.1 Environmental Aspects - Why Should They Be Taken into Account? The Environmental Availability of Raw Materials -- 5.4.2 Environmental Aspects - How Should They Be Taken into Account? The ÖkoRess Methodology for Environmental Hazard Potentials -- 5.4.3 Aggregation/Merger -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Equitable, Just Access to Natural Resources: Environmental Narratives during Worsening Climate Crises -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Intersectional Climate Politics -- 6.3 Climate Justice Contested. , 6.4 The Wider Terrain of Struggle: Neoliberal Nature -- 6.5 The Scorched Earth of Sustainable Development Narratives -- 6.6 Conclusion: From Duelling Narratives to Practical Fusions -- References -- Part II: Implementation Strategies -- Chapter 7: Circular Economy: Origins and Future Orientations -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Background and Concepts -- 7.2.1 Origins -- 7.2.2 Conceptual Underpinnings -- 7.2.3 Organisational Articulations of the Circular Economy -- 7.3 Circular Economy Principles and Expected Benefits -- 7.4 National Circular Economy Strategies -- 7.4.1 China's Circular Economy Initiatives -- 7.4.2 The European Union's Circular Economy Package -- 7.4.3 The Dutch Circular Economy Programme -- 7.4.4 A Circular Economy Strategy for Scotland -- 7.4.5 The Finnish Circular Economy Roadmap -- 7.5 Circular Economy in Business -- 7.6 Assessing the Impacts of Circular Economy -- 7.7 Future Trends in Circular Economy -- 7.8 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: Financial System, and Energy and Resource Husbandry -- 8.1 Introduction: Investment Criteria and the Variety of Resource Plays -- 8.2 Fossil Energy Resources with Few Options for Circular Management -- 8.3 Circular Management of Mineral Resources: Metals, Metalloids, Non-metals -- 8.4 Implications of the Unstoppable Shift Out of Fossil Energy Resources -- 8.5 Financial, Economic and Trade Impact of Phasing Out Fossil Resources -- 8.5.1 Impact on Export, Trade and Import of Various Resources and Materials -- 8.5.2 Impact on Investment, the Economy (GDP), Tax Revenue and Subsidies -- 8.5.3 Value Creation from Electrification and an Economic Paradox -- 8.6 Criteria for Resource Husbandry and Circular Economy in Finance -- 8.6.1 Criteria for Resource and Material Flow -- 8.6.2 Criteria for Product Stewardship, Reuse and Recycling -- 8.7 Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 9: Developing Resource Competence - Anchoring Resource Conservation and Efficiency in the German Education System -- 9.1 Resource Education: Initial Situation and Problem Context -- 9.2 Education in Resource Conservation and Efficiency: Where Do We Stand Now? An Inventory -- 9.3 The Status Quo in the Four Educational Areas of School, Vocational Training, Professional Development, and University -- 9.4 BilRess-Roadmap: Perspectives Spanning the Educational Areas -- 9.4.1 Information, Sensitisation, and Activation -- 9.4.2 Supporting Teachers and Students -- 9.4.3 Creating Incentives for Projects and Research -- 9.4.4 Encouraging Formal Anchoring in the Education System -- 9.5 Recommendations for Action -- 9.6 BilRess-Network -- 9.7 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 10: The Way from Problem Scope Towards the Vision of a Low Resource Society - The First Working Period of the Resources Commission at the German Environment Agency (KRU) -- 10.1 Political Background and Aims of the Resources Commission at the German Environment Agency (KRU) -- 10.2 Low Resource Lifestyles and Economy -- 10.3 Developing Visions - Making Ideas Transparent -- 10.3.1 Ethical Framework -- 10.3.2 Research and Development -- 10.3.3 Role of the State -- 10.3.4 Economy and Finance -- 10.4 Initial Explorations and Starting Points - Contribution to the Discussion in Search for the Best Solutions -- 10.4.1 Requirements for a Law Governing Resource Conservation - Focus on a 'Resource Conservation Act' -- 10.4.2 Production, Processes, Services - Focus on Product Labelling -- 10.4.3 Scenarios for a Low Resource Society and Economy -- 10.4.4 Transferring R& -- D into Economic Practice -- 10.4.5 Research and Development -- 10.5 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 11: Implementing Resource Efficiency in Europe - Overview of Policies, Instruments and Targets in 32 European Countries. , 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Driving Forces for Material Resource Efficiency -- 11.3 Priority Resources and Sectors -- 11.4 National Strategies and Policies Related to Material use and Resource Efficiency -- 11.5 Policy Objectives -- 11.6 Closing Material Loops in a Circular Economy -- 11.7 Indicators -- 11.8 Targets -- 11.9 Institutional Set-up -- 11.10 In Conclusion -- Reference -- Chapter 12: The Resource Nexus and Resource Efficiency: What a Nexus Perspective Adds to the Story -- 12.1 The Challenge of the Resource Nexus -- 12.1.1 Definition and Scope of the Nexus -- 12.1.2 The Relevance of the Nexus -- 12.2 Eco-Innovation to Address the Nexus Challenges -- 12.2.1 Nexus and Eco-Innovation Opportunities -- 12.2.2 Energy Transitions -- 12.2.3 Implementing the SDGs -- 12.3 What Can Policy Makers/Business/Other Stakeholders Do? -- 12.3.1 Improving Evidence Base and Policy Learning -- 12.3.2 Shared Understanding of the Nexus Challenges and Key Projects -- 12.3.3 Leadership, Participation and Shared Visions of the Future -- 12.3.4 Short - and Long-Term Scenarios and Transition Roadmaps -- 12.3.5 Systemic Policy for Nexus System Innovations -- 12.3.6 Governance for Nexus Innovations -- 12.4 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 13: Germany's Resource Efficiency Agenda: Driving Momentum on the National Level and Beyond -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 The G7 Is Backing Resource Efficiency -- 13.3 Slow Progress in Europe-Impacts Germany Too -- 13.4 Our Activities in Germany -- 13.5 The Main Features of ProgRess II -- 13.5.1 Addressing Energy Resources More Precisely -- 13.5.2 The Building Industry Is One of the Top Priorities -- 13.5.3 Focus on Information and Communication Technologies -- 13.5.4 New Indicators and Targets for 2030 -- 13.6 Future Prospects and Insights -- References. , Chapter 14: Results of Three Cost-Effective, Innovative and Transferable Resource-Efficiency Instruments for Industries in the Basque Country.

Note: Intro -- Factor X -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I: Sustainable Use of Natural Resources: A Global Challenge -- Chapter 1: Global Material Flows and Their Environmental Impacts: An Overview -- 1 Introduction: A Little History -- 2 Resource Flows: What and How to Measure? -- 2.1 What to Measure: Metrics and Indicators -- 2.2 How to Measure Resource Flows: Methods and Data Sources -- 3 Results: The Weight of Nations -- 3.1 Dynamics and Distribution of Resource Use -- 3.2 Impacts of Resource Use -- 4 Perspectives: Sustainable Resource Use? -- References -- Chapter 2: Increased Resource Efficiency: The Key Issue for Ecology and the Economy -- 1 Giving Progress a New Orientation -- 2 The Efficiency Revolution: The Next Generation of Environmental Policy -- 3 Quality Rather than Quantity -- 4 Innovation, Growth and Employment -- 5 Increasing Consumption of Raw Materials and Its Consequences -- 6 Sustainable Resource Policy at a European and National Level -- 7 Initiatives of the Federal Environment Ministry Between 2005 and 2009 for Greater Resource Efficiency -- 8 Contribution of Waste Management to the Conservation of Resources -- 9 Prospects for Resource-Conserving, Closed Cycle Waste Management -- 10 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Economic Growth and Sustainable Development -- 1 Growth as Modern Progress Construction -- 2 Growth Dawn -- 2.1 Decoupling Not in View -- 2.2 The Logic of Social Growth Is Ambivalent -- 2.3 Will Growth Enhance Individual Happiness? -- 2.4 Peak Everything -- 3 The Alternative: Post-growth Economy -- 3.1 Sufficiency: Reduced to the Max -- 3.2 Urban Subsistence and Regional Supply: Regaining Economic Sovereignty -- 3.3 Material Zero-Sum Games -- 4 Result -- References -- Chapter 4: Economic Growth and Resource Use -- 1 Economic Growth: An Energy-Driven Phenomenon -- 2 Natural Resources: A Peak Experience. , 3 Hopes for Resource Efficiency -- References -- Chapter 5: Resource Protection Policy: An Opinion from the NGO Perspective -- 1 Resource Protection Policy: Why Is It Necessary? -- 2 What Does Resource Protection Policy Mean? -- 2.1 Disclosing Resource Consumption Levels -- 2.2 Formulating Resource Protection Policy -- 2.3 Integrating Resource Protection Policy into Sustainability Objectives -- 2.4 Combining Resource and Climate Protection Policies -- 2.5 Resource Protection, Security of Raw Material Supply and Closed Cycle Management Policies -- 3 Resource Protection Policy in Concrete Terms -- 3.1 Corporate Responsibility -- 3.2 Political Responsibility -- 3.3 Sustainable Raw Material Policy Should Go Beyond Resource Protection Policy -- 4 The Key Role of Resource Protection Policy -- References -- Chapter 6: Legislation on the Protection of Natural Resources: Basic Considerations and Legal Perspectives -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Considerations -- 2.1 Does Resource Protection Constitute a Value in Itself? -- 2.2 Proper Understanding of Resource Protection, Sparing Use of Resources and Resource Efficiency -- 2.3 Relationship Between Resource Protection, Product Responsibility and Waste Management -- 2.4 Current Considerations to Prepare Operationalization -- 3 Legal Policy: Innovations and Activities -- 3.1 Innovations in Legal Policy de lege lata -- 3.2 Implementation of the Waste Framework Directive -- 4 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Part II: Securing a Sustainable Supply of Raw Materials -- Chapter 7: An International Metal Covenant: A Step Towards Global Sustainable Resource Management -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Cooperation Agreements to Solve Knowledge Problems -- 3 Used Car Exports and Material Losses as a Problem Field -- 4 Considerations Regarding a Future International Covenant on Resource Efficiency in the Metal Sector. , 4.1 Completion of Industrial Material Cycles -- 4.2 Recycling Standards -- 4.3 Enhanced Monitoring and Reporting -- 4.4 Sanctions -- 5 Impact Assessment: Benefits of an International Metal Covenant -- 5.1 Recovery of Raw Materials: A Scenario -- 5.2 Development of Recycling Capacities in Emerging Countries -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: The Austrian Minerals Plan -- 1 Starting Situation -- 2 Safeguarding of Mineral Resources and Regional Planning -- 3 Evaluation of Mineral Deposits -- 3.1 Example of Construction Resources (Loose Rocks) -- 3.2 Example of Construction Resources (Hard Rocks) -- 3.2.1 Determination of the (Regional) Minimum Demand -- 3.2.2 Examination of the Future Demand -- 3.2.3 Examination as Far as the Supply Is Ensured -- 3.3 Ores, Industrial Minerals and Energy Resources -- 3.4 Methods of Assessment -- 3.4.1 Determination of the Area Required for Safeguarding Areas of Ore and Industrial Mineral Deposits -- Deposits for Extraction in Open-Pit Mining -- Deposits for Extraction in Underground Mining -- References -- Part III: Sustainable Production and Consumption -- Chapter 9: Materials Efficiency in Product Design and Manufacturing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Approaches to Reducing Material Costs -- 2.1 Cost Transparency -- 2.2 Information -- 2.3 Documentation -- 2.4 Motivation and Training of Staff -- 2.5 Product Construction -- 2.6 Diversity of Components and Materials -- 2.7 Selection and Substitution of Materials -- 2.8 Processing -- 2.9 Selection of Suitable Tools -- 2.10 Specifications and Tolerances -- 2.11 Organization of Manufacturing -- 2.12 Workplace Design -- 2.13 Warehousing -- 2.14 Production Planning -- 2.15 Pooling of Orders -- 2.16 Quantitative Scrap Optimization and Nesting -- 2.17 Diversity of Parts and Components -- 2.18 Length-Optimized Purchasing -- 2.19 Batch Sizes, Start-Up Wastes and Set-Up Periods. , 2.20 Qualitative Scrap Optimization -- 2.21 Inspection of Incoming Material and Batch Tracing -- 2.22 Labelling of Materials and Components -- 2.23 Recycling of Scrap, Wastes and Remainders and Sorted Collection -- 2.24 Recording of Leftovers -- 2.25 Continuous Quality Control -- 2.26 Tool Monitoring and Maintenance -- 2.27 Cleaning Processes -- 2.28 Dosage of Cleaning Agents Including Water -- 2.29 Water Recirculation and Treatment -- 3 Practical Examples from Different Industries -- 3.1 Metal Processing -- 3.2 Electrical and Electronics Industries -- 3.3 Processing of Plastic Materials -- 3.4 Wood Processing -- 3.5 Furniture Manufacturing -- 3.6 Surface Coating -- 3.7 Food Production -- 3.8 Breweries -- 3.9 Services -- 3.10 Textile Finishing -- Reference -- Part IV: Further Development of a Sound Waste Management -- Chapter 10: Strategies to Increase Resource Efficiency -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Anthropogenic Material Flow Chains -- 2.1 Model for Resource Efficiency Improvement Potentials -- 2.2 Mining of Raw Materials -- 2.3 Production of Primary Products -- 2.4 Production of Goods -- 2.5 Use of Goods -- 2.6 Waste Management -- 2.7 Conclusions -- 3 Political Strategies and Options for Action -- 3.1 Strategies and Objectives on the Global, European and National Levels -- 3.2 Product Design and Consumer Behaviour -- 3.3 Instruments of Political Control -- 3.3.1 Product Responsibility -- 3.3.2 Material Responsibility -- 3.3.3 Natural Resource Taxes -- 3.3.4 Product-Related Regulation -- 3.3.5 Public Procurement -- 3.3.6 Information and Labelling -- 4 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 11: Developing Waste Management into an Element of Resource-Efficient Material Flow Management -- 1 Scarce Resources: Using Wastes as Raw Material Stocks -- 2 From Waste Management to Management of Material Flows -- 3 Waste Management. , 4 Waste Prevention Strategies -- 5 Summary and Outlook -- References -- Part V: Taking into Account the Whole Life Cycle: Three Examples -- Chapter 12: Resource-Conserving Use of the Stock of Residential Buildings to Reduce Absolute Demand in the "Construction and Housing" Area of Need -- 1 Significance of the "Construction and Housing" Area of Need -- 2 Resource Potentials of Using Existing Buildings Instead of Constructing New Ones: Scientific Findings -- 3 Suggestion for a Strategic Hierarchy in the "Construction and Housing" Area of Need -- 4 Political Approaches to a Framework for Support of Sustainable Use of Existing Housing Stock -- 4.1 Reduce Energy Demand in Existing Buildings -- 4.2 Adapt Housing Stock to Needs, Avoid New Construction -- 4.2.1 Parameters: Trend in Population Development and the Housing Market -- 4.2.2 Parameters: Financial Impact on Municipalities of Designation of Building Land -- 4.2.3 Parameters: Varied Housing Needs of Different Population Groups -- 4.2.4 Parameters: Barriers to Investment in Housing Stock -- 4.2.5 Identify Policy Levers -- 4.2.6 Precise Measures -- Empirical Results -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Anthropogenic Stock as a Source of Raw Materials: Optimized Utilization of Recycled Building Materials to Conserve Resources -- 1 From Demographic Change to Resource Conservation -- 2 Potentials for Resource Conservation By Using Recycled Materials in Building Construction -- 3 Disposal of Construction and Demolition Debris: Current Situation and Developmental Trends -- 4 Challenges to the Construction and Demolition Industry -- 5 The Future Belongs to Resource-Saving Recycled Concrete -- 6 Overcoming Obstacles: Improving the Acceptance and the Resource-Saving Use of Recycled Concrete in Germany -- 7 Flagship Projects Providing Initial Incentives to Use Recycled Concrete. , 7.1 Flagship Project No. 1.

Note: Intro -- Foreword -- Prologue -- Introduction -- Contents -- Part I: Limits to Resource Use -- Chapter 1: The Limits of Resource Use and Their Economic and Policy Implications -- 1.1 Why and How Natural Resources Are Limited -- 1.2 Current Trends in Global Resource Use: Some Basic Trends -- 1.3 Different Types of Resource Scarcities -- 1.4 Some Consequences of Limited Resources -- 1.5 Some Policy Implications -- References -- Chapter 2: The Availability of Fossil Energy Resources -- 2.1 Conventional Wisdom -- 2.2 Crude Oil -- 2.3 Natural Gas -- 2.4 Coal -- 2.5 The Fossil and Nuclear Supply Outlook -- References -- Part II: Goals and Potentials for a Sustainable Use of Resources -- Chapter 3: Targets for Global Resource Consumption -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Goal of Sustainable Resource Consumption -- 3.3 Major Environmental Problems of Global Resource Consumption -- 3.3.1 A Systems Perspective -- 3.3.2 Growing Resource Use -- 3.3.3 Increasing Impacts of Mineral Extraction -- 3.3.4 Increasing Impacts of Land Use Change -- 3.4 Indicators Describing the "Big Three" Environmental Pressures -- 3.4.1 Primary Minerals Consumption -- 3.4.2 Global Land Use for Agricultural Consumption -- 3.5 Which Targets Can Be Suggested? -- 3.5.1 Global Targets of Resource Use Versus National Consumption of Global Resources -- 3.5.2 Towards a Rationale for a Target of Global Mineral Extraction -- 3.5.3 Preliminary Target for Global Cropland -- 3.6 Targets for Resource Consumption Versus Productivity -- 3.7 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 4: Sustainable Land Use - Example: Land Take for Settlement and Transport in Germany -- 4.1 Introduction - The German National 30-hectares Goal for the Year 2020 -- 4.2 Why Is It Crucial for Sustainable Development to Reduce the Speed of Land Take?. , 4.2.1 Environmental Impact and Energy Consumption Induced by Land Take -- 4.2.2 Input of Materials - Especially Mineral Construction Materials and Products -- 4.2.3 Decline of Resource Efficiency and Economic Efficiency Through Demographic Change -- 4.2.4 Preserving Fertile Soils and Biodiversity as Natural Resources -- 4.3 Interaction Between the 30-ha Goal and Economic and Social Issues -- 4.3.1 Driving Forces and Decision-Makers Pushing Land Take in Germany -- 4.3.2 Is It Possible to Achieve the 30 ha Goal Without Negative Impacts on the Economy? -- 4.4 Consistent Strategies to Meet the 30 ha Goal -- 4.4.1 Intermediate, Regional or Sectoral Targets to Meet the 30 ha Goal -- 4.5 First Practical Steps to Reduce the Speed of Land Take -- 4.5.1 New Measures and Instruments to Slow Down Future Land Take -- 4.5.1.1 Communication, Education and Information Tools -- Communication with the Public and with Decision-Makers -- Improvement of Professional Training -- Monitoring and Assessment of Future Land Use -- 4.5.1.2 Support and Enforcement Instruments -- Adjusting the Economical Framework -- Further Improvement of the Planning System -- New Instruments Increasing the Price of Land Take -- 4.5.1.3 An Innovative Instrument to Guarantee the 30 ha Goal -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: The Need for Decarbonising Our Economy -- 5.1 Limiting Climate Change -- 5.2 Keeping Track of the 2 Degree Path: Cutting Emissions to 95 % Below 1990 Levels in Industrialized Countries by 2050 -- 5.3 The Role of the Energy Sector -- 5.4 The German Vision: Power Supply by Renewable Energies -- 5.4.1 Precondition: Efficient Power Supply and Consumption -- 5.4.2 The Possibility of a 100 % Renewable Electricity Supply -- 5.4.3 Preconditions for Increasing the Share of Renewable Energies to 100 % -- 5.5 A Vision for Europe -- References. , Chapter 6: Strategies for Enhancing Resource Efficiency -- 6.1 Introduction: 'An Economy Crashing Against the Earth' -- Box 6.1: The Great Collision - A Global Economy Crashing Against the Earth -- Box 6.2: Our Ecological Footprint: Ending Overshoot -- 6.2 Fundamental Strategic Questions - Towards a 200 Trillion Dollar Economy? -- 6.2.1 Introduction -- 6.2.2 Growth Versus De-growth -- 6.2.3 Resource Input Versus Impact Limitations -- 6.2.4 Implications: Radical Resource Efficiency Improvements Required for Food, Mobility and Housing -- 6.3 Intervention Options for Decoupling and Potential Per Decoupling Strategy -- 6.3.1 Introduction -- Box 6.3: Relation Between Quality of Life and Environmental Impact -- 6.3.2 'Reducing Emission Factors' -- 6.3.3 The Same Output with Less Production Effort -- 6.3.4 Intensifying the Use of Products -- 6.3.5 Reducing the Material Intensity of Expenditure -- 6.3.6 Enhancing Quality of Life Per Euro Spent -- 6.4 Implications for Policy and Monitoring -- 6.4.1 Policy -- 6.4.2 Monitoring and Indicators -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Macroeconomic Impacts of Efficient Resource Use -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Economic Effects of Dematerialization -- 7.3 Evaluation of the Potential of a Policy Aimed at Increasing Resource Productivity -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Strategies and Policies for a Sustainable Use of Resources -- Chapter 8: The Challenge of the Whole: Creating System Policies to Tackle Sustainability -- 8.1 Key Concepts -- 8.2 Ecosystem Services -- 8.3 System-Policies -- 8.4 Decoupling Growth from Using Nature -- 8.4.1 Targets -- 8.4.2 Measuring the Decoupling Growth from the Use of Nature -- 8.4.3 Technology -- 8.4.4 Achieving a Suitable Economic Framework -- Chapter 9: Changing the Priorities: From Labour Productivity to the Efficiency in the Use of Resources -- 9.1 Introduction. , 9.2 Defining and Measuring Resource Use Efficiency in the Normative Perspective of Dematerialisation and Well-Being -- 9.2.1 Natural Resources (NR) and Socially Valuable Outcomes of the Socioeconomic Process -- 9.2.2 GDP, Societal Goals and the Relation Between RE and RP -- 9.2.3 The Economy-Wide Material Flow Approach to Measuring NR -- 9.3 The Case for, and Some Remarks on, Dematerialisation -- 9.4 Resource Productivity, Economic Growth, Labour Productivity -- 9.4.1 Resource Use and Economic Growth -- 9.4.2 Economic Growth and Labour Productivity -- 9.4.3 LP, RP and the Speed of Materials Throughput -- 9.5 Changing the Perspective on Socially Valuable Outcomes -- 9.6 Objectives and Tools of a RE-Oriented Policy -- 9.7 Wrap Up -- References -- Chapter 10: Establishing and Strengthening Markets for Resource Efficient Products and Services -- 10.1 Benefits of a Proactive Policy -- 10.2 Obstacles to Raise Resource Efficiency -- 10.2.1 Obstacles on the Macroeconomic Level -- 10.2.2 Obstacles on the Firm Level -- 10.2.3 Barriers Among Consumers -- 10.3 Concepts, Strategies and Instruments -- 10.3.1 Long Term Targets as a Catalyst for Resource Efficiency -- 10.3.2 Strategies -- 10.3.3 Getting the Prices Right -- 10.3.4 Mobilizing Capital for Resource Efficiency Investments -- 10.3.5 Smart Regulation and Labelling as a Driver for Resource Efficiency -- 10.3.6 Enhancing Resource Efficient Closed Cycle Management -- 10.3.7 Public Procurement -- 10.3.8 Consulting and Environmental Management Systems -- 10.3.9 Knowledge Transfer and Networking -- 10.3.10 Training and Qualification: Managing the Transformation of Skills -- 10.3.11 Lead Market Strategies -- 10.4 Outlook -- References -- Chapter 11: Business Models for Material Efficiency Services -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 The Research Design -- 11.3 Business Models of Material Efficiency Services. , 11.3.1 The MASCO Model -- 11.3.2 Material Efficiency as Additional Service -- 11.3.3 Management Service for Material Flows -- 11.4 Financing Challenges and Feasibility -- 11.4.1 Financing Challenges -- 11.4.2 Feasibility of the Business Models -- 11.5 Conclusions and Implications for the Future -- Appendix: Interview Summary -- References -- Chapter 12: Requirements of an International Natural Resource Policy -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Need for a Natural Resource Policy -- 12.2.1 Drivers of Resource Use -- 12.2.2 Impacts of Resource Use and Environmental Costs -- 12.2.3 Economic Implications and Consequences for Resource Policy -- 12.3 Approaches for a Sustainable Resource Use Across the Entire Lifecycle of Products and Services -- 12.3.1 Raw Material Extraction and Processing -- 12.3.2 Product Design, Construction -- 12.3.3 Resource Efficient Production -- 12.3.4 Product Use and Supplying Services -- 12.3.5 Closing Material Cycles -- 12.4 Requirements for Global Resource Management -- 12.4.1 Important Elements of a Sustainable Management of Resources Worldwide -- 12.4.2 Policy Approaches for a Global Resource Policy Development -- 12.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 13: Innovations for a Sustainable Resource Use - Reflections and Proposals -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Dimensions of Material Flows: Environment, Productivity and Employment -- 13.2.1 Environmental Impacts -- 13.2.2 Resource Productivity and Labour Productivity -- 13.2.3 A Booming Industry of Eco-Efficient Resource Management -- 13.3 The Role of Eco-Efficient Innovations -- 13.4 Governance for Sustainable Material Use -- 13.4.1 Using the Present Crisis, Riding on Mega-trends -- 13.4.2 General Policy-Design -- 13.4.3 Points of Policy Intervention -- 13.4.4 "Policy Acceleration": Lessons from Climate Policy? -- 13.5 Conclusion -- References. , Part IV: Proposals for Implementation.

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources

Note: Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources