Description: IJERPH, Vol. 15, Pages 100: Identifying Dietary Patterns Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Older Korean Adults Using Reduced Rank Regression International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010100 Authors: Dayeon Shin Kyung Lee Mi-Hye Kim Hung Kim Yun An Hae-Kyung Chung Diet plays a crucial role in cognitive function. Few studies have examined the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive functions of older adults in the Korean population. This study aimed to identify the effect of dietary patterns on the risk of mild cognitive impairment. A total of 239 participants, including 88 men and 151 women, aged 65 years and older were selected from health centers in the district of Seoul, Gyeonggi province, and Incheon, in Korea. Dietary patterns were determined using Reduced Rank Regression (RRR) methods with responses regarding vitamin B6, vitamin C, and iron intakes, based on both a one-day 24-h recall and a food frequency questionnaire. Cognitive function was assessed using the Korean-Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between dietary pattern score and the risk of mild cognitive impairment. A total of 20 (8%) out of the 239 participants had mild cognitive impairment. Three dietary patterns were identified: seafood and vegetables, high meat, and bread, ham, and alcohol. Among the three dietary patterns, the older adult population who adhered to the seafood and vegetables pattern, characterized by high intake of seafood, vegetables, fruits, bread, snacks, soy products, beans, chicken, pork, ham, egg, and milk had a decreased risk of mild cognitive impairment compared to those who did not (adjusted odds ratios 0.06, 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.72) after controlling for gender, supplementation, education, history of dementia, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and duration of sleep. The other two dietary patterns were not significantly associated with the risk of mild cognitive impairment. In conclusion, high consumption of fruits, vegetables, seafood, and protein foods was significantly associated with reduced mild cognitive impairment in older Korean adults. These results can contribute to the establishment of dietary guidelines targeting older Korean adults to reduce mild cognitive impairments. Future prospective cohort studies are warranted to examine the effect of the seafood and vegetable dietary pattern on reducing mild cognitive impairment to prove the cause–effect relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function.

Description: Purpose To determine whether parameters obtained from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM)-diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using multiple b-values can improve characterization of common focal liver lesions (FLLs), compared with the apparent diffusion coefficient ( ADC total ). Materials and Methods Our Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective study and informed consent was waived. In all, 142 patients with 169 FLLs underwent liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including IVIM-DWI with multiple b factors at 3.0T. ADC total and IVIM-DWI-derived parameters including true diffusion ( D t ), pseudodiffusion ( D p ), and perfusion fraction ( f ) were calculated for each lesion and compared using dedicated software. Results D t and ADC total were significantly lower in malignancies (0.95 ± 0.21, 1.14 ± 0.24, (×10 −3 mm 2 /sec)) than in benign FLLs (1.61 ± 0.34, 1.72 ± 0.37, (×10 −3 mm 2 /sec)). In the differential diagnosis of malignancies from benign lesions, D t (Az value: 0.971) showed better diagnostic performance than ADC total (Az: 0.933) ( P  〈 0.0005). D t (Az: 0.961) also showed better diagnostic performance than ADC total (Az: 0.919) in differentiating hypervascular malignancies from benign hypervascular FLLs ( P  〈 0.0005). In addition, D p and f were significantly higher in hypervascular FLLs (35.74 ± 20.08 (×10 −3 mm 2 /sec), 28.14 ± 11.82 (%)) than hypovascular FLLs (21.87 ± 13.8 (×10 −3 mm 2 /sec), 12.2 ± 5.92 (%)) ( P  〈 0.0001). Conclusion D t provided better diagnostic performance than ADC total in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. D p and f were significant parameters for diagnosing hypervascular FLLs. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;00:000–000. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.