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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mitochondrial genome of fertile maize (Zea mays L.) contains two copies of the gene encoding the α-subunit of the F1-ATPase (1985)
    Springer
    Current genetics 10 (1985), S. 321-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: α-subunit F1-ATPase ; Plant mtDNA ; Mitochondrial genes ; Maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In contrast to the situation in animals and fungi the α-subunit of the mitochondrial F1-ATPase is encoded by two identical mitochondrial genes (ATP A) in male fertile maize (Zea mays L.). Cytoplasmic male sterile (T, C and S) maize mitochondrial genomes only contain a single copy of the gene. Sequence analysis reveals that the uninterrupted coding region of both copies of the gene is 1,524 by long and encodes a polypeptide of 508 amino acids with a molecular weight of 55,117. The predicted amino acid sequence shares over 60% homology with the nuclear encoded α-subunit from yeast and bovine ATPases and approx. 50% with the corresponding chloroplast and bacterial polypeptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00365628
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of succinate oxidation by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledon mitochondria (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 190 (1993), S. 51-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cotyledon ; Cucumis ; Flux control coefficient ; Gluconeogenesis ; Succinate oxidation ; Sucrose synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this work was to assess the extent to which mitochondria control the gluconeogenic flux in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons, by quantifying the distribution of control of succinate oxidation by cotyledon mitochondria. The methods of metabolic control analysis were applied under state 3 and state 4 conditions and in the presence of cell-free extracts in order to simulate in-vivo conditions. Oxygen uptake by isolated cotyledon mitochondria oxidising succinate under state 3 conditions was examined using inhibitor titrations. During lipid mobilisation in light-grown cotyledons (3-4 d post-imbibition), control was shared between the adenine-nucleotide translocator (flux-control coefficient, C = 0.25–0.28) and the dicarboxylate-uptake system (C = 0.69–0.72). The dicarboxylate-uptake system was also important in dark-grown cotyledons at this stage (C = 0.55–0.57). In the photosynthetic phase of development (more than 5 d post-imbibition) control rested with the respiratory chain. Application of an external ATP demand provided either by cell-free extracts of cucumber cotyledons or a glucose/hexokinase ADP-regenerating system showed that the reactions outside the mitochondria exert control (C = 0.45–0.54 and C = 0.24–0.38, for cytosolic extract and glucose/hexokinase, respectively). The adenine-nucleotide translocator was a controlling step of both oxygen uptake (C = 0.11–0.32) and the flux between succinate and hexose phosphates (C = 0.28). Other mitochondrial steps made a significant contribution to control. Control of oxygen uptake was dependent on both the nature of the external load and on the rate of phosphorylation. A potential role for mitochondrial membrane-transport processes, including the adenine-nucleotide translocator, is proposed for the integration of lipid breakdown and gluconeogenesis in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195674
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial gene expression during wheat leaf development (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 182 (1990), S. 399-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gene expression (organelle, nuclear) ; Mitochondrion (DNA, RNA, protein levels) ; Triticum (gene expression in leaf development)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The expression of specific mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genes has been investigated in leaves of 7-d-old light-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Maris Dove). In the wheat leaf there is a spatial separation of a temporal sequence of development from the basal meristem to the distal mature, photosynthetically competent cells. This sequence of cellular differentiation is paralleled by a functional differentiation in which the energy supply changes from oxidative phosphorylation in the non-green meristematic cells to a combined dependence on oxidative and photophosphorylation in the photosynthesizing cells. The changes in copy number per cell and expression of mitochondrial genes have been investigated in successive sections of the wheat leaf using quantitative DNA-DNA and DNA-RNA filter and protein-binding techniques. The abundance of specific mitochondrial genes (cox II.cob andatp A) per cell was found to decrease between five- and tenfold within the basal (1 cm) section of the leaf and then remain constant to the distal tip. The relative abundances of specific mitochondrial transcripts (cox I,cox II,cob andatp A) were found to decrease in successive sections from the basal meristem to the distal tip (from a relative value of 100% to 5–40%). In contrast, transcripts of chloroplast genes and nuclear genes encoding chloroplast polypeptides (psb A,rbc L andrbc S) were found to increase steadily in progressive leaf sections (from a relative value of 0–2% to 100%). The steady-state level of the α-subunit of the mitochondrial F1 ATPase was found to remain constant along the length of the leaf. Possible sites at which the regulation of organellar gene expression is coordinated during the development of photosynthetic competence within the wheat leaf are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411391
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipid by cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) mitochondria (1984)
    Springer
    Current genetics 8 (1984), S. 537-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding proteolipid ; Plant mitochondrial genes ; Organelle protein synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary When isolated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) mitochondria were treated with 14C-labelled dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), a single polypeptide was predominantly labelled. This polypeptide was soluble in 1-butanol or chloroform: methanol (2: 1, v/v) and had an apparent molecular mass of approximately 7 kDa; it therefore had the characteristic properties of the DCCD-binding proteolipid subunit of the ATP synthase complexes of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and prokaryotes. When isolated cucumber mitochondria were allowed to synthesize protein in the presence of [35S]methionine and then extracted with 1-butanol or chloroform: methanol (2: l, v/v), a 35S-labelled proteolipid that migrated more rapidly on SDS-polyacrylamide gels than the pro-teolipid labelled by [14C]DCCD was solubilized. Treatment of mitochondria with unlabelled DCCD after they had been allowed to synthesize protein, specifically converted some of the [35S]methionine-labelled proteolipid to a form that comigrated with the [14C]DCCD-labelled proteolipid. We therefore conclude that a DCCD-binding proteolipid is synthesized by isolated cucumber mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410441
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial gene expression and cytoplasmic male sterility in sorghum (1982)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 1 (1982), S. 89-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: sorghum ; mitochondria ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; plasmids ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Variation in sorghum mitochondrial translation products has enabled fertile (Kafir) cytoplasm to be distinguished from Milo cytoplasmic male sterile cytoplasm and from three alternative sources of cytoplasmic male sterile cytoplasm. Mitochondria from Milo cytoplasm synthesised a 65 000 mol. wt. polypeptide which was not synthesised by those from Kafir cytoplasm. In the cytoplasmic male sterile combination of Kafir nucleus in Milo cytoplasm synthesis of this polypeptide was dramatically increased. Mitochondria from two cytoplasmic male sterile lines (Kafir nucleus in IS1112 cytoplasm and Yellow Feterita nucleus in M35-1 cytoplasm) did not synthesise the 65 000 mol. wt. polypeptide but synthesised additional high molecular weight polypeptides (from 54 000 to 82 000 mol. wt.), the major one being 82 000. Mitochondria from cytoplasm IS1112 were also distinguished by synthesis of an additional 12 000 mol. wt. polypeptide. Mitochondria from the cytoplasmic male sterile line Martin nucleus in 9E cytoplasm synthesised an additional 42 000 mol. wt. polypeptide but did not synthesise a 38 000 mol. wt. polypeptide detected in all other cytoplasms. Immunoprecipitation of mitochondrial translation products with antiserum raised against subunit I of yeast cytochrome oxidase tentatively identified the 38 000 mol. wt. polypeptide as subunit I of sorghum cytochrome oxidase. The 42 000 mol. wt. polypeptide was also immuno-precipitated by this antiserum and thus is probably an altered form of cytochrome oxidase subunit I. Analysis of native mitochondrial DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of two ‘plasmid-like’ DNA species of molecular weight 5.3 and 5.7 kb in the cytoplasmic male sterile lines Kafir nucleus in cytoplasm IS1112 and Yellow Feterita nucleus in M35-1 cytoplasm. Thus there is a positive correlation between the synthesis of the 82 000 mol. wt. polypeptide and the presence of the additional DNA species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024973
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental regulation of expression of the malate synthase gene in transgenic plants (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 15 (1990), S. 539-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Gluconeogenesis ; glyoxylate cycle ; malate synthase ; seed germination ; transgene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cucumber malate synthase (MS) gene, including 1856 bp of 5′ non-trnascribed sequence, has been transferred into Petunia (Mitchell) and Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants using an Agrobacterium binary vector. The transferred gene is found in variable copy number in different transformants, and is stably transmitted in each case as a single Mendelian character. Transgene mRNA accumulates in the seedling during the first three days of germination, then declines in amount as the cotyledons emerge from the seed. The decline is more pronounced in light-grown seedlings than in dark-grown seedlings. Expression of the MS transgene is also detected at a low level in petals of transformed Petunia plants. In these respects the pattern of MS gene expression is similar in cucumber and in trnasformed plants, showing that the transferred DNA fragment contains a functional MS gene. A 1076 bp fragment of 5′ sequence was linked to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene and transferred into Nicotiana, where it was shown to direct temporal and spatial patterns of expression similar to that of the complete MS gene. However, histochemical localisation of β-glucuronidase activity demonstrated that the chimaeric gene is expressed not only in cotyledons of transgenic plants, but also in endosperm and some hypocotyl cells during early germination. The relevance of these findings to the control of malate synthase gene expression is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017829
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The malate synthase gene of cucumber (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 673-684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: malate synthase ; gene structure ; glyoxylate cycle ; glyoxysomes ; Cucumis sativus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The complete sequences of a full-length cDNA clone and a genomic clone encoding the Cucumis sativus glyoxysomal enzyme malate synthase, have been determined. The sequences have enabled us to identify putative control regions at the 5′ end of the gene, three introns, and possible alternative polyadenylation sites at the 3′ end. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a polypeptide of 64961 molecular weight, which has 48% identity with that of Escherichia coli. Comparison of the sequence of malate synthase from cucumber with that from E. coli and with other glyoxysomal and peroxisomal enzymes, shows that a conserved C-terminal tripeptide is a common feature of those enzymes imported into microbodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016022
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterisation and expression of the mitochondrial genome of a new type of cytoplasmic male-sterile sunflower (1994)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 26 (1994), S. 1819-1831 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cytoplasmic male sterility ; coxIII and atp6 loci ; mitochondrial rearrangements ; sunflower
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new cytoplasmic male sterile sunflower, CMS3 [44], was characterised in relation to the Petiolaris (PET1) cytoplasmic male-sterile sunflower, CMS89 [25]. Southern blot analysis showed that the mitochondrial genome of CMS3 contains unique rearrangements in at least five loci (atp6, atp9, atpA, nad1+5 and coxIII) compared to the PET1 sterile and the fertile cytoplasms. Transcripts of two (coxIII and atp6) of the five rearranged loci differed in CMS3 when compared to the corresponding loci in the PET1 and fertile cytoplasms. In organello protein synthesis experiments showed that the ca. 15 kDa mitochondrial polypeptide, characteristic of PET1, is not present in the CMS3 line. These data suggest that the molecular basis of male sterility in the CMS3 line differs from that of the PET1 cytoplasm. The nucleotide sequences of the coding and the immediate flanking regions of the coxIII and atp6 genes of CMS3 were compared to the corresponding regions from the fertile sunflower. In CMS3, the ORFB-cox III locus is located immediately 3′ to the atpA gene whereas in the fertile cytoplasm these two loci are ca. 60 kb apart. This DNA rearrangement probably involved a 265 bp repeat which may be implicated in the DNA recombination associated with PET1 CMS. The atp6 gene in CMS3 contains a 5′-terminal extention which results in an extended ORF. The potential involvement of the rearrangements associated with the coxIII and atp6 loci in relation to the CMS phenotype is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019495
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct cis-acting elements direct the germination and sugar responses of the cucumber malate synthase gene (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 250 (1996), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) ; Malate synthase ; Glyoxylate cycle ; Gene transcription ; Metabolic regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The malate synthase gene (ms) promoter in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated with the aim of distinguishing DNA sequences mediating regulation of gene expression by sugar, and expression following seed germination. Promoter deletions were constructed and their ability to direct expression of theβ-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was investigated in transgenicNicotiana plumbaginifolia. Gene expression was assayed in germinating seeds and developing seedlings (the germination response) and in seedlings transferred from light into darkness with and without sucrose (the sugar response). As progressively more of the promoter was deleted from the 5′ end, first the sugar response and then the germination response was lost. Thus, distinct regions of the promoter are required for carbohydrate control and for regulation of gene expression in response to germination. Sequence comparisons of thems promoter with that of the isocitrate lyase gene (icl) of cucumber have previously identified four IMH (ICL-MS Homology) sequences. One such sequence, IMH2, is shown here to be implicated in the sugar response of thems gene. The 17 bp sequence, which when deleted from thems gene results in loss of the germination response, contains a 14 bp sequence which is similar to a sequence in theicl promoter, which we refer to as IMH5. Furthermore, this sequence has similarity withamdI9-like sequences in filamentous fungi, which conferfacB-mediated acetate inducibility on several genes, including those encoding ICL and MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174174
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distinct cis-acting elements direct the germination and sugar responses of the cucumber malate synthase gene (1996)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 250 (1996), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) ; Malate synthase ; Glyoxylate cycle ; Gene transcription ; Metabolic regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The malate synthase gene (ms) promoter in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated with the aim of distinguishing DNA sequences mediating regulation of gene expression by sugar, and expression following seed germination. Promoter deletions were constructed and their ability to direct expression of the β-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was investigated in transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Gene expression was assayed in germinating seeds and developing seedlings (the germination response) and in seedlings transferred from light into darkness with and without sucrose (the sugar response). As progressively more of the promoter was deleted from the 5′ end, first the sugar response and then the germination response was lost. Thus, distinct regions of the promoter are required for carbohydrate control and for regulation of gene expression in response to germination. Sequence comparisons of the ms promoter with that of the isocitrate lyase gene (icl ) of cucumber have previously identified four IMH (ICL-MS Homology) sequences. One such sequence, IMH2, is shown here to be implicated in the sugar response of the ms gene. The 17 bp sequence, which when deleted from the ms gene results in loss of the germination response, contains a 14 bp sequence which is similar to a sequence in the icl promoter, which we refer to as IMH5. Furthermore, this sequence has similarity with amdI9-like sequences in filamentous fungi, which confer facB-mediated acetate inducibility on several genes, including those encoding ICL and MS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174174
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