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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic AMP-dependent stimulation of Na,K-ATPase in shark rectal gland (1986)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 94 (1986), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Na,K-ATPase ; vanadate ; rubidium ; shark rectal gland ; ouabain ; cAMP ; theophylline ; furosemide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Scatchard analysis of3H ouabain bound to isolated rectal gland cells as a function of increasing ouabain concentrations produced a concave curvilinear plot that was resolved into two specific sites with either a high (I) or low (II) affinity for ouabain. Cyclic cAMP/theophylline (±furosemide, 10−4 m) increased the amount of3H ouabain bound to the high-affinity site I. Vanadate, a phosphate congener which promotes formation of the ouabain-binding state of the enzyme, mimicked the effects of cAMP/theophylline at low concentrations of ouabain, suggesting that cAMP/theophylline increases binding to site I by enhancing the rate of turnover of resident enzyme. Enhanced86Rb uptake seen following cAMP/theophylline administration was primarily associated with increased flux through the high-affinity ouabain site, and this stimulation was not obliterated by the co-administration of furosemide. A model was presented which suggested the presence of two noninteracting pools of enzyme or isozymes which exhibit either a high or low affinity for ouabain. Cyclic AMP both stimulated turnover via site I, and modified the kinetics of binding of3H ouabain to site II. The (ave)K d of3H ouabain for site II was increased from 3.6 μm (controls) to 0.5 μm (cAMP/theophylline) and the Hill coefficient was modified from 0.45 (controls) to 1.12 (caMP/theophylline), suggesting a transition from a negative- to a noncooperative binding state. While furosemide reversed the effects of cAMP/theophylline on site II kinetics, it did not obliterate cAMP/theophylline effects on site I. This suggests that cAMP may alter the intrinsic turnover rate of this particular pool of Na,K-ATPase in shark rectal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01869716
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    De novo cholesterol synthesis in three different animal models of diabetes (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 26 (1984), S. 234-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Cholesterol synthesis ; diabetic Chinese hamsters ; ob/ob mice ; db/db mice ; tritiated water ; sterol synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recent studies have demonstrated that cholesterol synthesis is increased two to threefold in the intestines of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cholesterol synthesis in tissues other than the intestines, including the liver, was not significantly altered by diabetes. In diabetic Chinese hamsters, cholesterol synthesis was increased 2.5-fold in both the small and large intestine. These observations are similar to our findings in diabetic rats and suggest that a stimulation of intestinal cholesterogenesis may be a uniform phenomenon in insulinopenic diabetes. In db/db mice, cholesterol synthesis was increased in both the liver and intestines but quantitatively the increase in hepatic cholesterogenesis was of much greater magnitude. Cholesterol feeding, which markedly inhibited hepatic cholesterol synthesis in both control and db/db mice, did not obliterate this difference in hepatic cholesterol synthesis. In ob/ob mice, the severity of the metabolic disturbances was less than that observed in db/db mice and no abnormalities in cholesterol synthesis were observed in animals ingesting a low cholesterol diet. However, in ob/ob mice fed a high cholesterol diet, hepatic cholesterol synthesis was increased. These observations suggest that in obese insulin resistant diabetic animals of milder severity, the abnormality in hepatic cholesterol synthesis manifests itself only when the animals are ingesting a high cholesterol diet. The results of this and previous studies suggest that in insulinopenic diabetes there is a stimulation of cholesterol synthesis that is localized to the intestines, whereas in obese, insulin-resistant diabetic animals, cholesterol synthesis is altered in the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252414
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  • 3
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    Possible Loss of the Chloroplast Genome in the Parasitic Flowering Plant Rafflesia lagascae (Rafflesiaceae) (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-22
    Description: Rafflesia is a genus of holoparasitic plants endemic to Southeast Asia that has lost the ability to undertake photosynthesis. With short-read sequencing technology, we assembled a draft sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Rafflesia lagascae Blanco, a species endemic to the Philippine island of Luzon, with ~350 x sequencing depth coverage. Using multiple approaches, however, we were only able to identify small fragments of plastid sequences at low coverage depth (〈2 x ) and could not recover any substantial portion of a chloroplast genome. The gene fragments we identified included photosynthesis and energy production genes ( atp , ndh , pet , psa , psb , rbcL ), ribosomal RNA genes ( rrn16 , rrn23 ), ribosomal protein genes ( rps7 , rps11 , rps16 ), transfer RNA genes, as well as matK , accD , ycf2 , and multiple nongenic regions from the inverted repeats. None of the identified plastid gene sequences had intact reading frames. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ~33% of these remnant plastid genes may have been horizontally transferred from the host plant genus Tetrastigma with the rest having ambiguous phylogenetic positions (〈50% bootstrap support), except for psaB that was strongly allied with the plastid homolog in Nicotiana . Our inability to identify substantial plastid genome sequences from R. lagascae using multiple approaches—despite success in identifying and developing a draft assembly of the much larger mitochondrial genome—suggests that the parasitic plant genus Rafflesia may be the first plant group for which there is no recognizable plastid genome, or if present is found in cryptic form at very low levels.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Text2PreventCVD: protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of text message-based interventions for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (2016)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-20
    Description: Introduction Text message interventions have been shown to be effective in prevention and management of several non-communicable disease risk factors. However, the extent to which their effects might vary in different participants and settings is uncertain. We aim to conduct a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials examining text message interventions aimed to prevent cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through modification of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). Methods and analysis Systematic review and IPD meta-analysis will be conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis of IPD (PRISMA-IPD) guidelines. Electronic database of published studies (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library) and international trial registries will be searched to identify relevant randomised clinical trials. Authors of studies meeting the inclusion criteria will be invited to join the IPD meta-analysis group and contribute study data to the common database. The primary outcome will be the difference between intervention and control groups in blood pressure at 6-month follow-up. Key secondary outcomes include effects on lipid parameters, body mass index, smoking levels and self-reported quality of life. If sufficient data is available, we will also analyse blood pressure and other secondary outcomes at 12 months. IPD meta-analysis will be performed using a one-step approach and modelling data simultaneously while accounting for the clustering of the participants within studies. This study will use the existing data to assess the effectiveness of text message-based interventions on CVRFs, the consistency of any effects by participant subgroups and across different healthcare settings. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained for the individual studies by the trial investigators from relevant local ethics committees. This study will include anonymised data for secondary analysis and investigators will be asked to check that this is consistent with their existing approvals. Results will be disseminated via scientific forums including peer-reviewed publications and presentations at international conferences. Trial registration number CRD42016033236.
    Keywords: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Epidemiology, Evidence based practice, Public health
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 5
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    Effects of screening and lifestyle counselling on incidence of ischaemic heart disease in general population are limited (2015)
    BMJ Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-23
    Description: Commentary on : Jorgensen T , Jacobsen RK, Toft U, et al .. Effect of screening and lifestyle counselling on incidence of ischaemic heart disease in general population: Inter99 randomised trial. BMJ 2014 ; 348 : g3617 . Context While mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases—particularly ischaemic heart disease (IHD)—have been declining in Western countries, IHD still contributes a significant burden to individuals, healthcare systems and society. 1 Therefore, IHD prevention efforts could have major impact on societal health. Given the widespread prevalence of IHD and IHD risk factors, population-focused public health strategies are needed, especially as the value of individual, high-risk programmes will be limited to the individuals directly targeted. The Inter99 randomised trial was designed to test a screening and lifestyle counselling programme to reduce individual-level IHD risk. After 5 years, the Inter99 intervention resulted in significant risk reduction. Jorgensen and colleagues report on a 10-year follow-up of the study to assess the effects...
    Keywords: Rehabilitation medicine, Smoking and tobacco, Epidemiologic studies, Drugs: cardiovascular system, Stroke, Diet, Ischaemic heart disease, Screening (epidemiology), Health education, Screening (public health), Smoking
    Print ISSN: 1356-5524
    Electronic ISSN: 1473-6810
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing Group
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  • 6
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    Identification of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk in Ethnically and Racially Diverse Populations: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association [AHA Scientific Statement] (2015)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-04
    Keywords: AHA Statements and Guidelines
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4539
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 7
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    Incidental Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Positive Lesions Are Rare in Neurologically Asymptomatic Community-Dwelling Adults [Brief Reports] (2014)
    American Heart Association (AHA)
    In: Stroke
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-25
    Description: Background and Purpose— Incidental magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)–positive lesions, considered to represent small acute infarcts, have been detected in patients with cerebral small vessel diseases or cognitive impairment, but the prevalence in the community population is unknown. Methods— DWI sequences collected in 793 participants in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study were reviewed for DWI lesions consistent with small acute infarcts. Results— No DWI-positive lesions were detected (0%, 95% confidence interval, 0–0.5). Conclusions— DWI-positive lesions are rare in an asymptomatic community population. The prevalence of DWI-positive lesions in the community seems to be lower than in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy, intracerebral hemorrhage, or cognitive impairment.
    Keywords: Acute Cerebral Infarction, Computerized tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Print ISSN: 0039-2499
    Electronic ISSN: 1524-4628
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by American Heart Association (AHA)
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  • 8
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    Cohort profile: the Comparative Outcomes And Service Utilization Trends (COAST) Study among people living with and without HIV in British Columbia, Canada (2018)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-14
    Description: Purpose The Comparative Outcomes And Service Utilization Trends (COAST) Study in British Columbia (BC), Canada, was designed to evaluate the determinants of health outcomes and health care services use among people living with HIV (PLHIV) as they age in the period following the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The study also assesses how age-associated comorbidities and health care use among PLHIV may differ from those observed in the general population. Participants COAST was established through a data linkage between two provincial data sources: The BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program, which centrally manages cART dispensation across BC and contains prospectively collected data on demographic, immunological, virological, cART use and other clinical information for all known PLHIV in BC; and Population Data BC, a provincial data repository that holds individual event-level, longitudinal data for all 4.6 million BC residents. COAST participants include 13 907 HIV-positive adults (≥19 years of age) and a 10% random sample inclusive of 516 340 adults from the general population followed from 1996 to 2013. Findings to date For all participants, linked individual-level data include information on demographics, health service use (eg, inpatient care, outpatient care and prescription medication dispensations), mortality, and HIV diagnostic and clinical data. Publications from COAST have demonstrated the significant mortality reductions and dramatic changes in the causes of death among PLHIV from 1996 to 2012, differences in the amount of time spent in a healthy state by HIV status, and high levels of injury and mood disorder diagnosis among PLHIV compared with the general population. Future plans To capture the dynamic nature of population health parameters, regular data updates and a refresh of the data linkage are planned to occur every 2 years, providing the basis for planned analysis to examine age-associated comorbidities and patterns of health service use over time.
    Keywords: Open access
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 9
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    Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis: a prospective cohort study (2014)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-09
    Description: Objectives Epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and coronary heart disease (CHD). Atherosclerosis is the principal pathological process responsible for CHD events, but effects of traffic-related air pollution on progression of atherosclerosis are not clear. This study aimed to investigate associations between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis. Setting Healthy volunteers in metropolitan Vancouver, Canada. Participants and outcome measures 509 participants aged 30–65 years were recruited and followed for approximately 5 years. At baseline and end of follow-up, participants underwent carotid artery ultrasound examinations to assess atherosclerosis severity, including carotid intima-media thickness, plaque area, plaque number and total area. Annual change of each atherosclerosis marker during the follow-up period was calculated as the difference between these two measurements divided by years of follow-up. Living close to major roads was defined as ≤150 m from a highway or ≤50 m from a major road. Residential exposures to traffic-related air pollutants including black carbon, fine particles, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide were estimated using high-resolution land-use regression models. The data were analysed using general linear models adjusting for various covariates. Results At baseline, there were no significant differences in any atherosclerosis markers between participants living close to and those living away from major roads. After follow-up, the differences in annual changes of these markers between these two groups were small and not statistically significant. Also, no significant associations were observed with concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants including black carbon, fine particles, nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide. Conclusions This study did not find significant associations between traffic-related air pollution and progression of carotid artery atherosclerosis in a region with lower levels and smaller contrasts of ambient air pollution.
    Keywords: Open access, Cardiovascular medicine, Epidemiology, Occupational and environmental medicine, Public health
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 10
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    Tobacco control environment: cross-sectional survey of policy implementation, social unacceptability, knowledge of tobacco health harms and relationship to quit ratio in 17 low-income, middle-income and high-income countries (2017)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-01
    Description: Objectives This study examines in a cross-sectional study ‘the tobacco control environment’ including tobacco policy implementation and its association with quit ratio. Setting 545 communities from 17 high-income, upper-middle, low-middle and low-income countries (HIC, UMIC, LMIC, LIC) involved in the Environmental Profile of a Community's Health (EPOCH) study from 2009 to 2014. Participants Community audits and surveys of adults (35–70 years, n=12 953). Primary and secondary outcome measures Summary scores of tobacco policy implementation (cost and availability of cigarettes, tobacco advertising, antismoking signage), social unacceptability and knowledge were associated with quit ratios (former vs ever smokers) using multilevel logistic regression models. Results Average tobacco control policy score was greater in communities from HIC. Overall 56.1% (306/545) of communities had 〉2 outlets selling cigarettes and in 28.6% (154/539) there was access to cheap cigarettes (〈5cents/cigarette) (3.2% (3/93) in HIC, 0% UMIC, 52.6% (90/171) LMIC and 40.4% (61/151) in LIC). Effective bans (no tobacco advertisements) were in 63.0% (341/541) of communities (81.7% HIC, 52.8% UMIC, 65.1% LMIC and 57.6% LIC). In 70.4% (379/538) of communities, 〉80% of participants disapproved youth smoking (95.7% HIC, 57.6% UMIC, 76.3% LMIC and 58.9% LIC). The average knowledge score was 〉80% in 48.4% of communities (94.6% HIC, 53.6% UMIC, 31.8% LMIC and 35.1% LIC). Summary scores of policy implementation, social unacceptability and knowledge were positively and significantly associated with quit ratio and the associations varied by gender, for example, communities in the highest quintile of the combined scores had 5.0 times the quit ratio in men (Odds ratio (OR) 5·0, 95% CI 3.4 to 7.4) and 4.1 times the quit ratio in women (OR 4.1, 95% CI 2.4 to 7.1). Conclusions This study suggests that more focus is needed on ensuring the tobacco control policy is actually implemented, particularly in LMICs. The gender-related differences in associations of policy, social unacceptability and knowledge suggest that different strategies to promoting quitting may need to be implemented in men compared to women.
    Keywords: Open access, Health policy, Smoking and tobacco
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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