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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Newark :American Geophysical Union,
    Keywords: Perovskite. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (297 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9781118671931
    Series Statement: Geophysical Monograph Series ; v.174
    DDC: 551.1/16
    Language: English
    Note: Intro -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- An Introduction to Post-Perovskite: The Last Mantle Phase Transition -- Section I: Mineral Physics (Experimental) -- Review of Experimental Studies on Mantle Phase Transitions -- Discovery of Post-Perovskite Phase Transition and the Nature of D. Layer -- Effect of Iron on the Properties of Post-Perovskite Silicate -- Electronic Transitions and Spin States in the Lower Mantle -- Lattice-Preferred Orientation of Lower Mantle Materials and Seismic Anisotropy in the D. Layer -- Section II: Mineral Physics (Theoretical) -- Thermodynamic Properties and Stability Field of MgSiO3 Post-Perovskite -- The High-Temperature Elasticity of MgSiO3 Post-Perovskite -- Effect of Chemistry on the Physical Properties of Perovskite and Post-Perovskite -- Section III: Seismology -- Reconciling the Post-Perovskite Phase With Seismological Observations of Lowermost Mantle Structure -- Predicting a Global Perovskite and Post-Perovskite Phase Boundary -- Seismic Anisotropy of Post-Perovskite and the Lowermost Mantle -- Constraints on the Presence or Absence of Post-Perovskite in the Lowermost Mantle From Long-Period Seismology -- Section IV: Dynamics -- Mantle Dynamics and the D" Layer: Impacts of the Post Perovskite Phase -- Influence of the Post-Perovskite Transition on Thermal and Thermo-Chemical Mantle Convection -- The Dynamical Influences From Physical Properties in the Lower Mantle and Post-Perovskite Phase Transition -- Deformation-Induced Mechanical Instabilities at the Core-Mantle Boundary.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Seismology. ; Geophysics. ; Electronic books.
    Description / Table of Contents: Intended as an introduction to the field, Modern Global Seismology is a complete, self-contained primer on seismology. It features extensive coverage of all related aspects, from observational data through prediction, emphasizing the fundamental theories and physics governing seismic waves--both natural and anthropogenic. Based on thoroughly class-tested material, the text provides a unique perspective on the earths large-scale internal structure and dynamic processes, particularly earthquake sources, and on the application of theory to the dynamic processes of the earths upper skin. Authored by two experts in the field of geophysics. this insightful text is designed for the first-year graduate course in seismology. Exploration seismologists will also find it an invaluable resource on topics such as elastic-wave propagation, seismicinstrumentation, and seismogram analysis useful in interpreting their high-resolution images of structure for oil and mineral resource exploration. Key Features * More than 400 illustrations, many from recent research articles, help readers visualize mathematical relationships * 49 Boxed Features explain advanced topics * Provides readers with the most in-depth presentation of earthquake physics available * Contains incisive treatments of seismic waves, waveform evaluation and modeling, and seismotectonics * Provides quantitative treatment of earthquake source mechanics * Contains numerous examples of modern broadband seismic recordings * Fully covers current seismic instruments and networks * Demonstrates modern waveform inversion methods * Includes extensive references for further reading.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (535 pages)
    Edition: 1st ed.
    ISBN: 9780080536712
    Series Statement: Issn Series ; v.Volume 58
    DDC: 551.2/2
    Language: English
    Note: Front Cover -- Modern Global Seismology -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- Preface -- CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Historical Development of Global Seismology -- 1.2 The Topics of Global Seismology -- CHAPTER 2. ELASTICITY AND SEISMIC WAVES -- 2.1 Strain -- 2.2 Stress -- 2.3 Equation of Motion -- 2.4 Wave Equations: P and S Waves -- CHAPTER 3. BODY WAVES AND RAY THEORy -- 3.1 The Eikonal Equation and Ray Geometry -- 3.2 Travel Times in a Layered Earth -- 3.3 Travel-Time Curves in a Continuous Medium -- 3.4 Travel Times in a Spherical Earth -- 3.5 Wave Amplitude, Energy, and Geometric Spreading -- 3.6 Partitioning of Seismic Energy at a Boundary -- 3.7 Attenuation and Scattering References -- CHAPTER 4. SURFACE WAVES AND FREE OSCILLATIONS -- 4.1 Free-Surface Interactions -- 4.2 Rayleigh Waves -- 4.3 Love Waves -- 4.4 Dispersion -- 4.5 Tsunamis -- 4.6 Free Oscillations -- 4.7 Attenuation of Surface Waves and Free Oscillations -- CHAPTER 5. SEISMOIMETRY -- 5.1 Inertial Pendulum Systems -- 5.2 Earth Noise -- 5.3 Electromagnetic Instruments and Early Global Networks -- 5.4 Force-Feedback Instruments and Digital Global Networks -- 5.5 Seismic Arrays and Regional -- CHAPTER 6. SEISMOGRAM INTERPRETATION -- 6.1 Nomenclature -- 6.2 Travel-Time Curves -- 6.3 Locating Earthquakes -- 6.4 Generalized Inverse -- CHAPTER 7. DETERMINATION OF EARTH STRUCTURE -- 7.1 Earth Structure Inversions -- 7.2 Earth Structure -- CHAPTER 8. SEISMIC SOURCES -- 8.1 Faulting Sources -- 8.2 Equivalent Body Forces -- 8.3 Elastostatics -- 8.4 Elastodynamics -- 8.5 The Seismic Moment Tensor -- 8.6 Determination of Faulting Orientation -- CHAPTER 9. EARTHQUAKE KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS -- 9.1 The One-Dimensional Haskell Source -- 9.2 The Source Spectrum -- 9.3 Stress Drop, Particle Velocity, and Rupture Velocity -- 9.4 Magnitude Scales -- 9.5 Seismic Energy and Magnitude. , 9.6 Aftershocks and Fault Area -- 9.7 Scaling and Earthquake Self-Similarity -- 9.8 Earthquake Statistics -- CHAPTER 10. SEISMIC WAVEFORM MODELING -- 10.1 Body Waveform Modeling: The Finite Fault -- 10.2 Surface-Wave Modeling for the Seismic Source -- 10.3 The Source Time Function and Fault Slip -- 10.4 Complex Earthquakes -- 10.5 Very Broadband Seismic Source Models -- CHAPTER 11. SEISMOTECTOIMICS -- 11.1 Divergent Boundaries -- 11.2 Transcurrent Boundaries -- 11.3 Convergent Boundaries -- 11.4 Intraplate Earthquakes -- 11.5 The Earthquake Cycle -- 11.6 Earthquake Prediction -- Index -- International Geophysics Series.
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    San Diego :Elsevier Science & Technology,
    Keywords: Seismology. ; Electronic books.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: 1 online resource (606 pages)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9780128165171
    DDC: 551.22
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Book
    Book
    San Diego [u.a.] : Academic Press
    Keywords: Seismology ; Lehrbuch ; seismology ; Lehrbuch ; Seismologie ; Seismologie
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: XII, 521 S. , graph. Darst., Kt. , 26 cm
    ISBN: 012732870X
    Series Statement: International geophysics series 58
    DDC: 551.2/2
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 5
    Book
    Book
    San Diego, Calif. [u.a.] : Acad. Press
    Keywords: Slabs (Structural geology) ; Subduction zones ; Seismologie ; Erdinneres ; Platte ; Subduktion
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 185 S , Ill., graph. Darst , 23 cm
    ISBN: 012439860X
    DDC: 551.8
    RVK:
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Note: Reprint of volume 35 of Advances in geophysics: Seismological structure of slabs (R. Dmowska and B. Saltzman, eds.)"--T.p. verso
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-02-02
    Description: Finite-fault models for the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake indicate bilateral rupture with large-slip patches located north and south of the epicenter. Previous studies also show that this event features significant slip in the shallow part of the megathrust, which is revealed through correction of the forward tsunami modeling scheme used in tsunami inversions. The presence of shallow slip is consistent with the coseismic seafloor deformation measured off the Maule region adjacent to the trench and confirms that tsunami observations are particularly important for constraining far-offshore slip. Here, we benchmark the method of Optimal Time Alignment (OTA) of the tsunami waveforms in the joint inversion of tsunami (DART and tide-gauges) and geodetic (GPS, InSAR, landleveling) observations for this event. We test the application of OTA to the tsunami Green’s functions used in a previous inversion. Through a suite of synthetic tests we show that if the bias in the forward model is comprised only of delays in the tsunami signals, the OTA can correct them precisely, independently of the sensors (DART or coastal tidegauges) and, to the first-order, of the bathymetric model used. The same suite of experiments is repeated for the real case of the 2010 Maule earthquake where, despite the results of the synthetic tests, DARTs are shown to outperform tidegauges. This gives an indication of the relative weights to be assigned when jointly inverting the two types of data. Moreover, we show that using OTA is preferable to subjectively correcting possible time mismatch of the tsunami waveforms. The results for the source model of the Maule earthquake show that using just the first-order modeling correction introduced by OTA confirms the bilateral rupture pattern around the epicenter, and, most importantly, shifts the inferred northern patch of slip to a shallower position consistent with the slip models obtained by applying more complex physics-based corrections to the tsunami waveforms. This is confirmed by a slip model refined by inverting geodetic and tsunami data complemented with a denser distribution of GPS data nearby the source area. The models obtained with the OTA method are finally benchmarked against the observed seafloor deformation off the Maule region. We find that all of the models using the OTA well predict this offshore coseismic deformation, thus overall, this benchmarking of the OTA method can be considered successful.
    Description: Published
    Description: 585429
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 112 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We analyse the PP phase at upper mantle distances (25° to 60°) to quantify its propagation characteristics and potential for determining crust and upper mantle velocity structure. Upper mantle distance PP waveforms are very complex, involving interference between a variety of arrivals traversing different depth ranges in the Earth. Even for laterally homogeneous structures, complete synthetic seismograms such as provided by reflectivity calculations are required to adequately model the full suite of arrivals that contribute to upper mantle PP phases. the complexity of PP waveforms can be exploited to extract crust and upper mantle structural information for relatively homogeneous paths. While PP-P differential traveltimes and PP/P amplitude ratios provide constraints on average upper mantle velocities above the transition zone, early PP coda, comprized of crustal reflections and conversions, and precursors to the PP phase, comprized of multiple Moho underside reflections, can provide information on crustal thickness and velocity gradients in the uppermost mantle. Positive velocity gradients below the crust generate large amplitude Moho underside reflections that are particularly visible for short-period and broad-band seismograms at distances from 25° to 38°. We demonstrate the potential use of the PP phase for determining upper mantle structure by modelling long-period signals traversing relatively ‘pure’ paths across North America. A continuum of P-wave velocity models with varying lid structure is appropriate for the upper mantle beneath North America. the highest velocities are found beneath the northern Canadian shield, with the lid becoming progressively slower beneath the southern shield, continental platform and tectonically active regions, respectively. Most of the heterogeneity in P-velocity structure is concentrated above a depth of 250km, although some data are consistent with models that are relatively slow at greater depths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 119 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: We model 45 P and PP waveforms at epicentral distances of 14° to 40°, primarily sampling western and central China, to determine regionalized P-wave velocity variations for the crust and upper mantle in this region. Observed P and PP waveforms are matched by 1-D forward modelling using the reflectivity technique. Our approach is to first find a homogeneous average velocity model for China which can match the observed broad-band waveforms filtered with a long-period instrument response. This model is then used as a starting model for the matching of the broad-band waveforms to investigate the lateral velocity variations. Our preferred average model WCH has a 50 km thick crust with a velocity of 6.4 km s−1, a Pn velocity of 8.15 km s−1 and a low-velocity zone between 100 km and 175 km depth. It has intermediate characteristics between an active tectonic region and a stable shield, compatible with previous S-wave modelling results. Modelling of the broad-band waveforms indicates significant lateral deviations from model WCH. For the Tibetan plateau we observe larger crustal thickness (55–70 km) and Pn velocity (8.15–8.25 km s−1) in combination with a low-velocity zone that varies in magnitude throughout the Tibetan region. Lower velocities than our average model may be present below 200 km depth. Our modelling indicates a thin lid of about 30–45 km under Tibet. We infer from our results and previous work that crustal shortening and thickening is the most likely process responsible for the central and northern Tibetan plateau's thick crust and high average elevation, and that the Indian plate has probably only underplated the southernmost part of the plateau. Mantle convection associated with the crustal shortening process has led to strong lateral heterogeneity in the upper mantle under Tibet. Higher Pn velocities in western Tibet might indicate that this region is presently undergoing crustal shortening. Paths traversing eastern China require a constant velocity lid of about 100 km thickness, a Pn velocity of 8.12–8.14 km s−1 and a crustal thickness between 27 and 35 km. A preliminary model for northern China suggests a crustal thickness between 43 and 50 km, a Pn velocity of about 8.0 km s−1 and a 100 km thick lid with a positive velocity gradient for this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 441 (2006), S. 333-336 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Seismic tomography has been used to infer that some descending slabs of oceanic lithosphere plunge deep into the Earth's lower mantle. The fate of these slabs has remained unresolved, but it has been postulated that their ultimate destination is the lowermost few hundred kilometres of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 392 (1998), S. 461-468 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Recent seismological work has revealed new structures in the boundary layer between the Earth's core and mantle that are altering and expanding perspectives of the role this region plays in both core and mantle dynamics. Clear challenges for future research in seismological, experimental, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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