Keywords:
Genomics.
;
Electronic books.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (246 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9780128167489
Series Statement:
Translational and Applied Genomics Series
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=6125883
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Secondary Findings in Genomic Research -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- In Memoriam: Pia Erdmann -- Introduction -- 1 Unexpected findings in medicine -- 2 Our general approach in this book -- 3 Clarifying the issues by defining the terms-Different types of additional findings -- 4 The chapter structure of the book-Topics and approaches -- References -- Chapter 1 Concept, history, and state of debate -- 1 Introduction: "Additional" findings in medical research -- 2 History of debate: A four-layer model -- 3 Lessons learned from population-based imaging -- 3.1 Quality of information -- 3.2 To tell or not to tell? -- 3.3 What to tell? Actionability and clinical utility -- 3.4 How to tell? -- 3.5 How to prepare participants? -- 3.6 How to design an appropriate research protocol -- 4 In search of an appropriate ethical framework -- 5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Oversight, governance, and policy for making decisions about return of individual genomic findings -- 1 Introduction -- 2 International legal and ethical principles -- 3 Planning ahead: Return of results protocols -- 4 Consent -- 5 What to return (or not) -- 6 How to return -- 7 Children and adults who lack decisional capacity: Special considerations -- 8 Return of secondary findings versus the right of access -- 9 International data sharing and return -- 10 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 Selecting secondary findings to report: Creating a list that suits your study -- 1 Types of genomic findings -- 1.1 Multifactorial disease risks -- 1.2 Pharmacogenomics -- 1.3 Mendelian disease -- 1.4 Carrier status -- 2 Criteria for a reportable secondary finding -- 2.1 Confirmation and reporting -- 2.2 Genes -- 2.3 Actionability -- 2.4 Participant and study factors -- 2.5 Variants -- 2.6 Balancing risks and benefits -- 3 Lists -- 4 Conclusion.
,
References -- Chapter 4 How secondary findings are made -- 1 Secondary findings in clinical sequencing -- 2 Chapter overview -- 3 Current methods for large-scale DNA sequencing in clinical laboratories -- 4 Sequence read alignment, variant calling, and annotation -- 5 Use of variant filtration to detect or avoid secondary findings -- 6 Potential categories of secondary findings -- 7 Variant validation via alternative sequencing assay -- 8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Informed consent and decision-making -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Ethical issues -- 2.1 Respect for autonomy and informed consent -- 2.2 Providing information -- 2.3 Offering options and eliciting preferences -- 2.4 Deciding what to disclose -- 3 Counseling challenges -- 3.1 Addressing barriers to understanding -- 3.2 Accounting for changing information -- 3.3 Managing therapeutic and diagnostic misconceptions -- 4 Approaches for addressing ethical issues and counseling challenges -- 4.1 Genetic counseling -- 4.2 Decision-making without formal counseling -- 5 Consent models -- 5.1 Staged consent -- 5.2 Modular consent -- 5.3 Family consent -- 5.4 Broad consent -- 6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6 Reporting of secondary findings in genomic research: Stakeholders' attitudes and preferences -- 1 Introduction and background -- 2 Why measure preferences? Normative ethical questions -- 2.1 Methodological answer: It depends on the validity of the empirical research -- 2.2 Epistemological answer: It depends on the intended use of the empirical data -- 2.2.1 Gaining insights into current moral stances or into moral behavior -- 2.2.2 Identifying ethical problems or aspects -- 2.2.3 Solidifying or contextualizing (specifying) accepted norms or principles -- 2.2.4 Justifying norms: Information regarding acceptability/practicality.
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2.2.5 Justifying norms/single actions: As a component in coherentism -- 2.2.6 Justifying norms/single actions: As (more or less) direct justification -- 2.3 Relevance of background premises for guideline development -- 2.4 Eliciting preferences for developing policies -- 3 How to measure preferences? Strategies and tools for eliciting preferences on secondary findings -- 3.1 Whose preferences need to be elicited? -- 3.2 Factors influencing preferences: Personal and disease related -- 3.3 Tools or instruments to elicit stakeholders' preferences -- 3.4 When to elicit stakeholders' preferences? -- 4 What has been found? Stakeholders' attitudes and perspectives -- 4.1 Professionals' attitudes toward disclosing or not disclosing: Clinicians, researchers, and IRB members -- 4.1.1 Preferences for secondary findings -- 4.1.2 Impacts and implications of secondary findings and the question of understanding and literacy -- 4.1.3 Information process before consent to genetic research and process after disclosure of secondary findings -- 4.1.4 Rights, responsibilities, policies, and practices -- 4.2 Participants' and lay attitudes and preferences -- 4.2.1 Preferences for secondary findings -- 4.2.2 Impacts and implications of secondary findings -- 4.2.3 Information process before consent to genetic research and process after disclosure of secondary findings -- 4.2.4 Rights, responsibilities, policies, and practices -- 5 Summary -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 7 Disclosing genomic sequencing results -- 1 Context of the research: Managing participant expectations -- 2 Characteristics of the study participants -- 2.1 Notification to participants of a sequence result -- 3 Disclosure modality and content -- 3.1 Laboratory reports of genomic findings -- 3.2 Who will return results -- 4 Summary -- References -- Further reading.
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Chapter 8 Implications of secondary findings for clinical contexts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 International approaches to genomics in clinical care and translational medicine -- 2.1 United States -- 2.2 United Kingdom -- 2.3 Australia -- 2.4 Germany -- 2.5 France -- 2.6 Canada (Quebec) -- 2.7 Singapore -- 2.8 Estonia -- 2.9 Japan -- 2.10 Summary -- 3 Emerging and future scenarios -- 3.1 Pediatric, neonatal, and prenatal genomics -- 3.2 Wellness genomics -- 3.3 Storage and return of raw sequence data in the clinical and research settings -- 4 Economic dimensions of returning secondary findings from genomics in clinical routine care -- 5 Discussion and conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Secondary findings: Building a bridge to the future of ELSI -- 1 Secondary findings as sentinel debate -- 2 Secondary findings as cultural crossroads -- 3 Secondary findings and the future of ELSI scholarship -- 3.1 Reanalysis for clinical purposes -- 3.2 Polygenic risk scores -- References -- Index.
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