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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of host plant leaf damage on cabbage looper moth attraction and oviposition (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 67 (1993), S. 79-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; host-finding ; behavior ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mated femaleTrichoplusia ni (Hubner) moths, when presented a choice of either undamaged cotton plants,Gossypium hirsutum L., or damaged plants (cut leaves or feedingT. ni larvae) in a flight tunnel, were most often attracted first to the damaged plants. However, these same moths oviposited primarily on the undamaged plants. In a similar test with cabbage plants,Brassica oleracea L., the presence of conspecific larvae decreased both attraction and oviposition. Cuts to cabbage leaves had no significant effect on attraction or oviposition. When presented one plant at a time, percentages of cabbage looper moths attracted were not affected by the presence of larvae on either cabbage or cotton plants, or by cuts to cabbage plant leaves. Percentages of moths attracted were, however, higher using cotton plants with cut leaves. The results suggest an important role for damage induced plant volatiles in host location as well as host acceptance byT. ni.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382720
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oriented flight responses of female Mediterranean fruit flies to calling males, odor of calling males, and a synthetic pheromone blend (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 65 (1992), S. 259-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Insecta ; Tephritidae ; attractant ; behavior ; Ceratitis capitata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Male Mediterranean fruit flies,Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), produce volatile chemicals thought to be attractive sex pheromones. We demonstrated for the first time that male odor elicits upwind flight and zigzagging upwind flight patterns in mature unmated females. Such flight patterns indicate the mechanisms involved in female location of the pheromone source and arrival at that source. Similar female oriented upwind flight responses occurred with a three component blend comprised of ethyl-(E)-octenoate, geranyl acetate, andE,E-alpha farnesene. These findings clarify the role of male sex pheromone in mate-location strategies in this species and provide new bioassay criteria for evaluating attraction responses to male pheromone and synthetic blends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02343859
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The isolation, identification and synthesis of the alarm pheromone ofVespula squamosa (Drury) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) and associated behavior (1988)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 44 (1988), S. 82-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Vespula squamosa ; alarm and attack behavior ; N-3-methylbutylacetamide ; southern yellowjacket
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A material that elicits alarm and attack behavior byVespula squamosa (Drury) workers was isolated from venom extracts and identified by spectroscopic methods as N-3-methylbutylacetamide. This compound elicited attack responses from worker wasps identical to those responses observed when venom was applied at the same dosage. This is the first behavioral role reported for this compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01960257
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a male-produced pheromone ofAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) attractive to conspecific males (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1121-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Anticarsia gemmatalis ; velvetbean caterpillar ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; attractant ; pheromone ; hairpencils ; (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene ; male-produced pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Observations in the laboratory and in the field indicated that maleAnticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner), the velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), are attracted to conspecific courting males. Male VBC subsequently were found to be attracted to extracts of male abdominal tips including the extrudable hairpencils. The active chemical in these extracts was identified as (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene, which is also one of the major components of the female VBC sex pheromone. Male VBC in a wind tunnel and in the field exhibited a bimodal response distribution to a range of ratios of the (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene, with one maximum at the pure heneicosatriene alone and the other at the 60∶40 female blend. This demonstrates that the male response to the male hairpencil component is distinct from that to the female sex pheromone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01019340
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis, synthesis, formulation, and field testing of three major components of male mediterranean fruit fly pheromone (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 1925-1940 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insecta ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; Mediterranean fruit fly ; pheromone ; attractant ; Ceratitis capitata ; ethyl-(E)-3-octenoate ; geranyl acetate ; (E,E)-α-farnesene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three major components, ethyi-(E)-3-octenoate, geranyl acetate, and (E,E)-α-farnesene, emitted as volatiles by laboratory-reared and wild male medflies were collected and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Peak emission of these compounds occurred during the third to fifth hours of the photophase and differences were observed in the ratios of the three components emitted by male laboratory-reared and wild flies. These three compounds were synthesized, and a method was developed to formulate a synthetic blend that released the compounds in a ratio similar to that emitted by wild male medflies. Attractiveness of the blend to female medflies was demonstrated under field conditions by comparing trap catches. Black spherical traps, baited with the synthetic blend to release 1.6 male equivalents, caught significantly more females than blank traps and traps from which the blend released was 0.3, 3.2 or 6.4 male equivalents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993739
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and Identification of Female Sex Pheromone and Development of a Sex Attractant for Lacanobia subjuncta (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 1369-1379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Attractant ; trap ; apple ; cutworm ; fruitworm ; moth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts of terminal abdominal segments of female Lacanobia subjuncta contained (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, and (Z)-11-hexadecenol at a ratio of 1:0.2:0.02. (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate and (Z)-11-hexadecenal were most effective as a lure for trapping males when loaded in rubber septa at ratios near 3:1, respectively. The complete three-component blend was most effective as a lure for trapping males when loaded in rubber septa at a ratio of 3:1:0.08 for the acetate, aldehyde, and alcohol, respectively. In a comparison of doses of this three-component blend, greatest numbers of males were captured with 6.1 mg per rubber septum. These components, when loaded with an optimum ratio of components and suitable dose, should provide a useful lure for trapping Lacanobia subjuncta in agroeco-systems, permitting monitoring of distribution, emergence, and flight periods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021230901040
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of male cabbage looper sex pheromone attractive to females (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 441-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Male-produced pheromone ; cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; female attractant ; linalool ; p-cresol ; m-cresol ; enantiomers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A multicomponent pheromone produced by male cabbage looper moths that is attractive to female moths in a flight tunnel bioassay was isolated and identified. Based on analyses of hairpencil extracts of male cabbage loopers and volatiles emitted by males, the pheromone has been identified as a blend consisting of (S)-(+)-linalool,p-cresol, andm-cresol. The chirality of the major component, (S)-(+)-linalool, is important for behavioral response of females. These pheromonal compounds were also identified as volatiles released by males when males were exposed to the principal pheromone component of female cabbage loopers, (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate. The amount of male pheromone released was increased significantly when males were exposed to a combination of (Z)-7-dodecen-1-ol acetate and the odor from cabbage. Neither linalool nor the cresols were detected in volatiles from cabbage or from males exposed to cabbage odor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994243
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, identification, and synthesis of male-produced sex pheromone of papaya fruit fly,Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 13 (1987), S. 1979-1992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Toxotrypana curvicauda ; Diptera ; Tephritidae ; papaya fruit fly ; male sex pheromone ; pheromone ; 2-methyl-6-vinylpyrazine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A male-produced sex pheromone of the papaya fruit fly,Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker, was isolated from volatiles collected from air passed over calling males and was identified as 2-methyl-6-vinylpyrazine by comparative gas-liquid chromatographic and spectroscopic evidence. Synthetic 2-methyl-6-vinylpyrazine elicited typical pheromonal responses from unmated mature female flies such as walking, running, and flying in an arena bioassay; flying upwind with a zigzag flight pattern; and hovering in the pheromone plume in a wind-tunnel bioassay. These responses were similar quantitatively and qualitatively to responses to naturally occurring pheromone from calling male papaya fruit flies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014680
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex attraction in paper wasp,Polistes exclamans viereck (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), in a wind tunnel (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 1277-1287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Insecta ; mating ; pheromone ; attractant ; Hymenoptera ; Vespidae ; Polistes exclamans ; paper wasp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A wind-tunnel bioassay was developed to test for the presence of sex attractants in the paper wasp,Polistes exclamans Viereck (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Males exhibited significant upwind flight and attraction (chemoanemotaxis) in response to airflow passed over unmated females, and to hexane extracts of whole bodies and thoraces of unmated females. Unmated females were attracted to hexane extracts of males and to hexane extracts of each body tagma of males, suggesting distribution of the pheromone over the cuticle by grooming. The ectal mandibular and seventh sternal glands are the likely sources of the male-produced sex attractant(s) since extracts of each elicited female attraction in the flight tunnel. These glands are associated with gastral and mandibular rubbing of perch sites by territorial males ofPolistes species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021026
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of host plant,Gossypium hirsutum L., on sexual attraction of cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 2959-2974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cabbage looper ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; kairomone ; attractants ; host finding ; (S)-(+)-linalool
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Unmated female or male cabbage looper moths,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), were attracted more often in a flight tunnel to a cage with moths of the opposite sex and a bouquet of cotton foliage. Increased sexual attractiveness of females with plants may be a result of stimulation of pheromone release in response to plant odor, since more males were attracted when odor of cotton foliage was passed over females than when odor of females was passed over cotton foliage before venting into the flight tunnel. Increased sexual attractiveness of males with plants is due in part to host odor enhancement of female attraction to male pheromone, since more females were attracted to synthetic male pheromone (a blend of enantiomers of linalool and isomers of cresol) and a cotton leaf extract than were attracted to male pheromone alone. A short synthesis procedure was developed for (S)-(+)-linalool, the major component of the male sex pheromone, isolated from hair pencils, used in these tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02098402
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