Note: Front Cover -- Biotechnology and Food Quality -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- PART 1: AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY -- Chapter 1. Agricultural Biotechnology: The Benefits for Developed and Developing Countries -- Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2. Food Quality Education -- Introduction -- Scope and Future Role of Food Quality -- Undergraduate Education -- Graduate Education and Research -- Improvement of Agricultural Raw Materials -- Improvement of Processed Foods -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3. Food Quality, Biotechnology, and the Food Company -- Introduction -- Qualify and Profitability -- Demographic and Social Changes -- Consumer Concerns -- Biotechnology and Food Quality -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4. Making Technology Transfer Work -- Introduction -- Federal Laboratories as a Resource -- Tapping Laboratory Technology -- Chapter 5. Biotechnology: Regulatory Considerations -- Coordination of Biotechnology Activities in USDA -- USDA Philosophy on Biotechnology -- Regulation of Meat and Poultry -- Closing -- Chapter 6. Biology: Now Is the Time -- World Change and Biology -- Era of Biology -- Products and Processes of the Era of Biology for Food and Food Quality -- Other Key Factors -- PART 2: GENETIC ENGINEERING AND FOOD QUALITY -- Chapter 7. Characterization and Modification of Maize Storage Proteins -- Introduction -- Results and Discussion -- Localization of Zeins Within Protein Bodies -- Genetic Engineering of Lysine-containing Alpha Zeins -- References -- Chapter 8. Genetic Modification of Traits of Interest to Consumers and Processors -- Introduction -- Cellular Genetics -- Molecular Biology -- Protection of New Developments -- Application of Technology to Food Products -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Improvements in Plants -- Introduction. , PUFA Biosynthesis in Higher Plants -- PUFA Biosynthesis in Diatoms -- Genetic Engineering of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: A Modest Proposal -- Preconditions for Implementation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10. Enhancing Meat Quality with Somatotropin (ST): Potentials, Limitations, and Future Research Needs -- Introduction -- Overview of Growth Biology -- Porcine Somatotropin: Historical Information -- Porcine Somatotropin: Beltsville Studies -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Summary -- PART 3: MOLECULAR COMPONENTS OF FOOD -- Chapter 11. Cell Wall Dynamics -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 12. Prospects for the Use of Genetic Engineering in the Manipulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis and Action in Higher Plants -- Introduction -- Regulation of Ethylene Synthesis -- Mode of Action of Ethylene -- Implication for the Future -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 13. Tornato Fruit Polygalacturonase: Gene Regulation and Enzyme Function -- Introduction -- Regulation of PG Gene Expression -- Maturation of the PG Protein -- Function of PG -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 14. Molecular Interactions of Contractile Proteins -- Introduction -- Muscle Structure -- Myofibril Protein Composition and Protein-Protein Interactions -- Titin and Nebulin -- Changes in Titin Postmortem -- Current Knowledge and Future Prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 15. Molecular Components of Food: Repartitioning Agents or Hormones -- Introduction -- Mechanism(s) of Action -- Effects on Meat Quality -- Effects on Carcass Quality -- Conclusions -- References -- Summary -- Reference -- PART 4: EVALUATION OF FOOD QUALITY. , Chapter 16. Model Non-Isotopic Hybridization Systems for Detection of Foodborne Bacteria: Preliminary Results and Future Prospects -- Introduction -- Experimental -- Results -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 17. Use of RFLPs Analysis to Improve Food Quality -- Introduction -- References -- Chapter 18. Hybridoma Technology: The Golden Age and Beyond -- Introduction -- Making Hybrids: Today and Tomorrow -- In vitro Immunization -- Partner Selection -- Catalytic Antibodies -- Specific Antibodies Without Specific Immunization -- Chimeric Antibodies -- Anti-idiotype Manipulation -- What to Expect -- References -- Summary -- PART 5: BIOPROCESSING -- Chapter 19. Bioprocessing of Meats -- Introduction -- Technology of Fermentation -- Topography of Fermentation -- Microbiology of Fermentation -- Protective Cultures -- New Starter Cultures -- References -- Chapter 20. Genetic Modification of Enzymes Used in Food Processing -- Introduction -- Food Enzymes -- Genetic Engineering Technologies -- Clearly Established Enzymes for Known Applications -- New or Modified Enzymes for Known Applications -- New/Modified Enzymes for New/Unknown Applications -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 21. Impact of Biotechnology on Vegetable Processing -- Introduction -- Agricultural Biotechnology Industry -- Food Industry Needs -- Processed Vegetable Crops -- Tomatoes -- Potatoes -- Discussion -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 22. Genetic Engineering of Lactic Starter Cultures -- Introduction -- Plasmids -- Gene Transfer Systems -- Lactose Metabolism -- Proteinase Activity -- Construction of Strains for Accelerated Cheese Ripening -- Production of Antagonistic Proteins -- Bacteriophage Resistance -- Exopolymer Production -- Vector Construction -- Summary -- References. , Chapter 23. Production of Food Additives and Food Processing Enzymes by Recombinant DNA Technology -- Introduction -- Cecropin, an Antimicrobial Peptide -- Pectic Enzymes for Food Processing -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Summary.

Note: Front Cover -- Plant Biotechnology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- PART I: Basic Techniques in Plant Biotechnology -- CHAPTER1. Vectors for Gene Transfer in Higher Plants -- 1.1 AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION -- 1.2 AGROBACTERIUM VECTORS -- 1.3 USES OF AGROBACTERIUM VECTORS -- 1.4 HOST RANGE OF AGROBACTERIUM -- 1.5 ALTERNATIVE DNA TRANSFER METHODS -- 1.6 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 2. Methods for Transforming Plant Cells -- 2.1 TRANSFORMATION OF DICOTYLEDENOUS PLANTS -- 2.2 TRANSFORMATION OF MONOCOTYLEDENOUS PLANTS -- 2.3 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS -- ADDENDUM -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 3. Techniques in Plant Cell and Tissue Culture -- 3.1 CLONAL PROPAGATION -- 3.2 SOMACLONAL VARIATION -- 3.3 GAMETOCLONAL VARIATION -- 3.4 IN VITRO CELL SELECTION-MUTANT ISOLATION -- 3.5 PROTOPLAST FUSION -- 3.6 SYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY PRODUCTS -- 3.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 4. Selected Topics in the Genetic Manipulation of the Nuclear Genome -- 4.1 CHROMOSOME TRANSFER -- 4.2 MICROCELL TRANSFER -- 4.3 MICROINJECTION -- 4.4 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 5. Regulation and Expression of Plant Genes in Microorganisms -- 5.1 RECOGNITION OF PLANT SEQUENCES THAT FUNCTION AS PROMOTERS OF TRANSCRIPTION IN MICROORGANISMS -- 5.2 INCREASING THE RATE OF TRANSCRIPTION OF CLONED GENES -- 5.3 TRANSLATIONAL FEATURES OF PLANT GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION -- 5.4 RECOGNITION OF PLANT SIGNAL PEPTIDES -- 5.5 ASSEMBLY OF MULTISUBUNIT PLANT PROTEINS -- 5.6 PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS FOR COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS AND ANALYTICAL STUDIES -- 5.7 SYNTHESIS OF PLANT PROTEINS FOR SCREENING AND CLONE IDENTIFICATION -- 5.8 COMPLEMENTATION OF BACTERIAL MUTATIONS -- 5.9 PROTEIN STABILITY, SOLUBILITY, AND ACCUMULATION -- 5.10 EXPRESSION IN OTHER BACTERIAL SPECIES -- REFERENCES. , PART II: Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants -- CHAPTER 6. The Molecular Architecture of Plant Genes and Their Regulation -- 6.1 THE ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY STRUCTURE -- 6.2 THE ANALYSIS OF PRIMARY STRUCTURE -- 6.3 FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF GENES -- 6.4 THE USE OF COMPUTERS IN STRUCTURAL ANALYSES -- 6.5 STORAGE PROTEIN GENES -- 6.6 LIGHT-INDUCED GENES -- 6.7 STRESS-INDUCED GENES -- 6.8 NODULATION GENES -- 6.9 HOUSEKEEPING GENES -- 6.10 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 7. Induction, Commitment, and Progression of Plant Embryogenesis -- 7.1 DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF EMBRYOGENESIS -- 7.2 SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS -- 7.3 GENE EXPRESSION IN CARROT CULTURE -- 7.4 IMMUNOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF DEVELOPMENTALLY REGULATED GENES -- 7.5 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 8. Photoregulation of Gene Expression in Plants -- 8.1 EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON rRNA GENE EXPRESSION -- 8.2 EFFECTS OF LIGHT ON TRANSCRIPT ABUNDANCE -- 8.3 EFFECTS OF PLANT HORMONES -- 8.4 CHLOROPLAST TRANSCRIPT ACCUMULATION -- 8.5 PLASTID DEVELOPMENT AND NUCLEAR GENE EXPRESSION -- 8.6 GENE TRANSFER EXPERIMENTS -- 8.7 TRANS-ACTING FACTORS AND TRANSCRIPTION IN VITRO -- 8.8 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 9. Hormonal and Stress Regulation of Gene Expression in Cereal Aleurone Layers -- 9.1 THE CEREAL ALEURONE LAYERS -- 9.2 EFFECT OF GIBBERELLINS ON GENE EXPRESSION -- 9.3 EFFECT OF ABA ON GENE EXPRESSION -- 9.4 SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVE -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 10. Auxin-Regulated Gene Expression in Plants -- 10.1 ENHANCEMENT OF SPECIFIC TRANSLATIONAL PRODUCTS BY IAA IN PEA TISSUE -- 10.2 ISOLATION OF DNA SEQUENCES COMPLEMENTARY TO SOME IAA-REGULATED mRNAS IN PEA -- 10.3 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HORMONAL RESPONSE -- 10.4 DOSE RESPONSE CURVE -- 10.5 MODEL FOR REGULATION OF THE AUXIN GENES -- 10.6 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- REFERENCES. , CHAPTER 11. Cytokinin-modulated Macromolecular Synthesis and Gene Expression -- 11.1 ACTIVE FORMS OF CYTOKININS -- 11.2 CYTOKININ-REGULATED SYNTHESIS OF MACROMOLECULES -- 11.3 THE COMPLEX NATURE OF CYTOKININ-REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION -- 11.4 REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY COMBINATIONS OF HORMONES -- 11.5 ENHANCEMENT OF LIGHT-REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION BY CYTOKININ -- 11.6 CYTOKININ-BINDING MOLECULES -- 11.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 12. Organization and Expression of Genes for Photosynthetic Pigments-Protein Complexes in Photosynthetic Bacteria -- 12.1 METABOLIC VERSATILITY -- 12.2 PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS -- 12.3 ORGANIZATION OF GENES CODING FOR LH, RC, AND PIGMENT BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES AND CYTOCHROMES -- 12.4 REGULATION OF EXPRESSION OF THE GENES CODING FOR LH, RC, BCHL, AND CRT BIOSYNTHESIS -- 12.5 CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- PART III: Prospects for Manipulation of Chloroplast Genomes -- CHAPTER 13. Organization and Expression of the Nicotiana Chloroplast Genome -- 13.1 CHLOROPLAST DNA -- 13.2 GENES FOR RRNAs -- 13.3 GENES FOR TRNAs -- 13.4 GENES FOR STROMAL POLYPEPTIDES -- 13.5 GENES FOR THYLAKOID POLYPEPTIDES -- 13.6 GENE EXPRESSION -- 13.7 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 14. Genetic Manipulation of the Chloroplast Genome -- 14.1 CHLOROPLAST TRANSFORMATION BY AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS -- 14.2 THE CHLOROPLAST GENOME -- 14.3 INTRODUCTION OF DNA INTO PLASTIDS -- 14.4 INTEGRATION OF FOREIGN GENES INTO CHLOROPLAST DNA -- 14.5 AUTONOMOUSLY REPLICATING PLASMIDS -- 14.6 SELECTABLE MARKERS FOR CHLOROPLAST TRANSFORMATION -- 14.7 PROSPECTS -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 15. A Perspective on the Biotechnology of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase -- 15.1 PROPERTIES OF RUBISCO -- 15.2 FIXING RUBISCO -- 15.3 MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF RUBISCO FUNCTION -- 15.4 CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF HEXADECAMERIC RUBISCO -- 15.5 FIXING PLANTS. , 15.6 SOME CRITICAL RESERVATIONS -- 15.7 ALTERNATIVE BIOLOGICAL STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- ADDENDUM -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 16. Applications of Nucleic Acid Electron Microscopy and In Situ Hybridization Techniques in the Study of Plant Genomes -- 16.1 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF ORGANELLE GENOMES -- 16.2 DNA-DNA HETERODUPLEX ANALYSIS -- 16.3 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF DNA-RNA HYBRIDS -- 16.4 LOCALIZATION OF DNA REPLICATION INITIATION SITES BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY -- 16.5 CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION OF CLONED GENES BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION -- REFERENCES -- CHAPTER 17. Molecular Evolution of Nicotiana Chloroplast Genomes -- 17.1 CHLOROPLAST GENOMES -- 17.2 COMMONALITY AND DIVERSITY OF NICOTIANA CHLOROPLAST GENOMES -- 17.3 MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF NICOTIANA CHLOROPLAST GENOMES -- 17.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- PART IV: Applications of Biotechnology in Plant Systems -- CHAPTER18. Genetic Engineering for Crop Improvement -- 18.1 PLANT TRANSFORMATION -- 18.2 CROP IMPROVEMENT -- 18.3 CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.