Note: Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Some Introductory Notes on Random Graphs -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Generalities on Graphs -- 2.1 Basic Definitions and Notation -- 2.2 Large Scale Networks -- 3 Erdős-Rényi Model -- 3.1 Connectivity and Giant Component -- 3.2 Branching Processes -- 3.3 Behavior at the Giant Component Threshold -- 4 Configuration Model -- 4.1 Connectivity and Giant Component -- 5 Random Geometric Graph -- 5.1 Connectivity -- 5.2 Giant Component -- References -- Statistical Physics and Network Optimization Problems -- 1 Statistical Physics and Optimization -- 2 Elements of Statistical Physics -- 3 Statistical Physics Approach to Percolation in Random Graphs -- 3.1 The Potts Model Representation -- 3.1.1 Symmetric Saddle-Point -- 3.1.2 Symmetry Broken Saddle-Point -- 4 Statistical Physics Methods for More Complex Problems -- 5 Bethe Approximation and Message Passing Algorithms -- 5.1 Belief Propagation -- 5.1.1 Marginals -- 5.1.2 Free Energy -- 5.1.3 Graphs with Loops -- 5.2 The β→∞ Limit: Minsum Algorithm -- 5.3 Finding a Solution: Decimation and Reinforcement Algorithms -- 5.3.1 Decimation -- 5.3.2 Reinforcement -- 5.4 Replica Symmetry Breaking and Higher Levels of BP -- References -- Graphical Models and Message-Passing Algorithms: Some Introductory Lectures -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Probability Distributions and Graphical Structure -- 2.1 Directed Graphical Models -- 2.1.1 Conditional Independence Properties for Directed Graphs -- 2.1.2 Equivalence of Representations -- 2.2 Undirected Graphical Models -- 2.2.1 Factorization for Undirected Models -- 2.2.2 Markov Property for Undirected Models -- 2.2.3 Hammersley-Clifford Equivalence -- 2.2.4 Factor Graphs -- 3 Exact Algorithms for Marginals, Likelihoods and Modes -- 3.1 Elimination Algorithm -- 3.1.1 Graph-Theoretic Versus Analytical Elimination -- 3.1.2 Complexity of Elimination. , 3.2 Message-Passing Algorithms on Trees -- 3.2.1 Sum-Product Algorithm -- 3.2.2 Sum-Product on General Factor Trees -- 3.2.3 Max-Product Algorithm -- 4 Junction Tree Framework -- 4.1 Clique Trees and Running Intersection -- 4.2 Triangulation and Junction Trees -- 4.3 Constructing the Junction Tree -- 5 Basics of Graph Estimation -- 5.1 Parameter Estimation for Directed Graphs -- 5.2 Parameter Estimation for Undirected Graphs -- 5.2.1 Maximum Likelihood for Undirected Trees -- 5.2.2 Maximum Likelihood on General Undirected Graphs -- 5.2.3 Iterative Proportional Scaling -- 5.3 Tree Selection and the Chow-Liu Algorithm -- 6 Bibliographic Details and Remarks -- Appendix: Triangulation and Equivalent Graph-Theoretic Properties -- References -- Bridging the Gap Between Information Theory and WirelessNetworking -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Shannon's Point to Point Results -- 3 The Multiple-Access and Gaussian Broadcast Channels -- 4 A Spatial Model of a Wireless Network -- 5 Multi-Hop Transport -- 6 The Transport Capacity -- 7 Best Case Transport Capacity and Scaling Laws -- 8 An Upper Bound on Transport Capacity -- 9 Implication of Square-Root Law for Transport Capacity -- 10 The Need for an Information-Theoretic Analysis -- 11 Wireless Network Information Theory -- 12 Information-Theoretic Definition of Transport Capacity -- 13 Information-Theoretic Bounds -- 14 Implication of Information-Theoretic Scaling Law -- 15 Extensions -- References -- Lecture Notes in Math ematics.

Note: Intro -- 0.pdf -- Climatee change and Sustainable Agriculture.pdf -- 0a Contents.pdf -- Ch. 1.pdf -- Ch. 2.pdf -- Ch. 3.pdf -- Ch. 4.pdf -- Ch. 5.pdf -- Ch. 6.pdf -- Ch. 6a.pdf -- Ch. 7.pdf -- Ch. 8.pdf -- Ch. 9.pdf -- Ch. 10.pdf -- Ch. 11.pdf -- Ch. 12.pdf -- Ch. 13.pdf -- Ch. 14.pdf -- Ch. 14a.pdf -- Ch. 15.pdf -- Ch. 16.pdf -- Ch. 17.pdf -- Ch. 17a.pdf -- Ch. 18.pdf -- Ch. 19.pdf -- Ch. 20.pdf -- Ch. 21.pdf -- Ch. 22.pdf -- Ch. 23.pdf -- Ch. 27_ List of Climate change..pdf.

Note: Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Climate and Climate Change: An Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Science of Climate and Climate Change -- 1.3 Global Warming Trends -- 1.4 International Concerns and Initiatives on Climate Change -- 1.5 Indian National Initiative on Climate Change -- 1.6 Climate Science: Ancient Ideas and Historical Perspective -- 1.7 Observations and Data for Climate Change Study -- 1.8 Climate Change and Society -- References -- Chapter 2: The Himalaya -- 2.1 Evolution of Himalaya and Present Geographical Setting -- 2.2 Weather and Climate -- 2.3 Meteorological Observations Over Western Himalaya -- 2.4 Challenging Scientific Issues -- 2.5 Trends and Variability in Climate over Western Himalaya -- 2.5.1 Altitude Dependency of Surface Climate Change Signal -- 2.5.2 Temperature Changes Over Western Himalaya Since 1901 -- References -- Chapter 3: Weather Systems over Himalaya: Cloud and Precipitation Processes -- 3.1 Himalayan Weather Systems and Complex Topography -- 3.2 Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation Process -- 3.3 Influence of Mountain Orography on Surface Layer Winds in the Himalaya -- 3.4 Occasional Fronts Observed Over a Central Himalayan Site during Different Seasons -- 3.4.1 Fronts Observed During Winter -- 3.4.2 Fronts Observed During Spring -- 3.4.3 Fronts Observed in Pre-Monsoon -- 3.4.4 Fronts Observed During Post-Monsoon -- 3.5 Turbulent Kinetic Energy Flux During Frontal Passage -- References -- Chapter 4: Climate Models, Projections, and Scenarios -- 4.1 General Background -- 4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of RCMs -- 4.3 Description on Scenarios -- 4.4 Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) -- 4.4.1 A1 Scenarios -- 4.4.1.1 Technological Emphasis -- 4.4.2 A2 Scenarios -- 4.4.3 B1 Scenarios -- 4.4.4 B2 Scenarios -- 4.5 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). , 4.5.1 RCP 8.5: High Emissions -- 4.5.2 RCP 6: Intermediate Emissions -- 4.5.3 RCP 4.5: Intermediate Emissions -- 4.5.4 RCP 2.6: Low Emissions -- 4.6 Overview of Past Studies -- 4.6.1 Global Context -- 4.6.2 Asian Region -- 4.6.3 PRECIS (Providing REgional Climates for Impacts Studies) Scenarios -- 4.6.4 Himalayan Climate in Changing Scenarios -- 4.6.4.1 PRECIS Scenarios over Himalaya -- References -- Chapter 5: Climate Change: Central Himalayan Perspective -- 5.1 The Central Himalaya -- 5.2 The State of Uttarakhand -- 5.3 Sources of Greenhouse Gases and Emission Scenario -- 5.4 Major Sectors with Emission Potential -- 5.4.1 Industry -- 5.4.2 Power Generation -- 5.4.3 Transportation -- 5.4.4 Agriculture -- 5.4.5 Firewood and Biomass Burning -- References -- Chapter 6: Central Himalaya: Climate Change Signatures -- 6.1 Meteorological Observations for Climate Change Study -- 6.2 Past Climates Over CH: As Derived from the Growth Rings of Trees -- References -- Chapter 7: Climate Change Impacts: Central Himalaya -- 7.1 The Glaciers -- 7.1.1 Role of Cryosphere in Climate Change -- 7.1.2 Retreating Glaciers of Central Himalaya: Some Observations -- 7.1.2.1 Gangotri Glacier -- 7.1.2.2 Chorabari Bamak Glacier -- 7.1.2.3 Pindari Glacier -- 7.1.2.4 Dokriani Glacier -- 7.2 Climate Change and Water Resources -- 7.2.1 Climate Change and Water Resources: CH Specific Issues -- 7.3 Climate Change Forests and Biodiversity -- 7.4 Climate Change and Agriculture -- 7.5 Climate Change and Human Health -- 7.6 Climate Change: Extreme Weather Events and Natural Disasters -- References -- Chapter 8: Climate Change and Uttarakhand: Policy Perspective -- 8.1 General Background -- 8.2 Agriculture and Allied Sectors -- 8.2.1 Watershed Management -- 8.2.2 Soil and Water Conservation -- 8.2.3 Input, Subsidy, and Support System -- 8.2.4 Organic Farming. , 8.2.5 Horticulture and Allied Agro-Horticultural Activities -- 8.2.6 Herbal, Medicinal, and Aromatic Plants -- 8.3 Forests and Biodiversity -- 8.4 Water and Allied Sectors -- 8.4.1 Water Quality, Safety, and Sanitation -- 8.4.2 Community Preparedness and Partnership -- 8.4.3 Water Use Pricing and Regulations -- 8.4.4 Water Conservation Policy and Programs -- 8.4.5 Induction of Environment-Friendly Optimum Water Use Technology -- 8.5 Natural Disasters: Reduction and Relief -- 8.6 Industries and Transport.

Note: Front Cover -- Modern Treatment Strategies for Marine Pollution -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Purpose -- Background -- Organization -- Concept -- Acknowledgement -- 1. Introduction to marine biology -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 Nature of seawater -- 1.1.2 Categories of marine ecosystem -- 1.1.3 Presence of biotic and abiotic components in marine biota -- 1.1.3.1 Temperature -- 1.1.3.2 Nutrient concentration -- 1.1.3.3 Influence of CO2 levels -- 1.1.3.4 Melting of ice -- 1.1.3.5 Miscellaneous factors -- 1.1.4 Nature of biota in seawater -- 1.1.5 Environmental factors influencing the marine ecosystem -- 1.1.6 Anthropogenic factors influencing marine ecosystem -- 1.1.7 Biotic and abiotic interaction -- 1.1.7.1 Physical processes -- 1.1.7.2 Biological processes -- 1.1.8 Different types of interaction in marine biota -- 1.1.8.1 Interactions at physicochemical levels -- 1.1.8.2 Interaction at organism level -- 1.1.8.3 Interaction at ecosystem level -- 1.1.9 Blueprint on marine pollution -- 1.1.9.1 Facts and figures on marine pollution -- 1.2 Conclusion -- References -- 2. Biological and chemical impacts on marine biology -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Categories of pollutants in marine environment -- 2.2.1 Chemical compounds -- 2.2.2 Oil spills -- 2.2.3 Solid substances -- 2.2.4 Radioactive waste -- 2.3 Effect of plastic debris -- 2.3.1 Classes of plastic debris -- 2.3.2 Sources of plastics in marine environment -- 2.3.3 Sources of ocean-based debris -- 2.3.4 Sources of land-based emission -- 2.3.5 Degradation of plastic debris in marine environment -- 2.3.6 Impacts of plastic debris in the marine environment -- 2.3.6.1 Mechanical impacts -- 2.3.6.2 Ingestion -- 2.3.6.3 Chemical impacts -- 2.4 Nitrogen and phosphorous imbalance -- 2.4.1 Ocean acidification -- 2.4.2 Dead zones -- 2.4.3 Human/animal health. , 2.5 Evolution of oil spills/oil dispersant and its impacts -- 2.5.1 Fate of oil spills in marine environment -- 2.5.2 Impacts of oil spills in marine water bodies -- 2.6 Organic contaminants interaction with marine biota -- 2.7 Key problems in marine ecosystem -- 2.8 Ocean acidification and its impacts -- 2.8.1 Impacts of ocean acidification -- 2.8.2 Factors affecting ocean acidification -- 2.9 Shipbreaking and recycling industries -- 2.9.1 Impacts of released pollutants from shipbreaking -- 2.9.2 Factors affecting shipbreaking pollutants -- 2.10 Eco-cycle communication between pollutants and biota -- 2.11 Conclusion -- References -- 3. Detection and monitoring of marine pollution -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Importance on identification of marine pollution -- 3.3 Factors monitored with respect to marine pollution -- 3.4 Remote sensing platform in monitoring marine pollution -- 3.4.1 Remote sensing -- 3.4.2 Types of sensors -- 3.4.3 Remote-sensing platform -- 3.4.3.1 Airborne sensors -- 3.4.3.2 Spaceborne sensors -- 3.4.4 Remote sensing in principle and its role in ocean water monitoring -- 3.4.5 Application of remote sensing -- 3.5 Analytical techniques in identifying pollutants -- 3.5.1 Basics in analytical techniques -- 3.5.2 Physical characterization of marine pollutants identification -- 3.5.2.1 Microscopy -- 3.5.3 Chemical characterization of marine pollutants identification -- 3.5.3.1 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy -- 3.5.3.2 Raman spectroscopy -- 3.5.3.3 Carbon:Hydrogen:Nitrogen (C:H:N) analysis -- 3.5.3.4 Thermal analysis -- 3.6 Electrochemical detection of marine pollutants -- 3.6.1 Basics in electrochemical detection of marine pollutants -- 3.6.2 Structure of sensor -- 3.6.3 Application of sensors for identifying marine pollutants -- 3.7 Computational models in detecting marine pollution -- 3.7.1 Introduction to computational models. , 3.7.2 Objective of numerical modelling -- 3.7.3 Oil spill models -- 3.7.4 Plastics or marine debris model -- 3.8 Cyclodextrin-promoted fluorescence modulation -- 3.8.1 Promotion of fluorescence modulation -- 3.8.2 Principle behind operation -- 3.8.3 General procedure for detection -- 3.8.3.1 Stage I -- 3.8.3.2 Stage II -- 3.8.3.3 Stage III -- 3.9 Algal biosensor-bioindicator for organic pollutants -- 3.9.1 Principle behind operation-an algal biosensor -- 3.9.2 Stages in bioassay detection -- 3.9.3 Use of algal bioindicator -- 3.10 Bioluminescent bacteria-biomarker for organic pollutants -- 3.10.1 Principle of operation of bioluminescent bacteria -- 3.10.2 Development of bioluminescent bacteria for detection of heavy metals and pesticides -- 3.10.3 Uses of bioluminescent bacteria -- 3.11 Microfluidic device integrated with algal fluorescence for pesticide detection -- 3.11.1 Steps in the fabrication of device -- 3.11.2 Uses of microfluidic device with algal film -- 3.12 Application of ultraviolet fluorescence spectroscopy-oil/mineral aggregate formation -- 3.12.1 Sample application process -- 3.12.2 Basic code behind in detecting oil-mineral aggregates -- 3.12.3 Interference in ultraviolet fluorescence spectroscopy -- 3.13 Direct observation of marine debris-application of various platforms -- 3.13.1 Satellites, aircraft and drones -- 3.13.2 Ships -- 3.13.3 Autonomous platforms -- 3.13.4 Fixed point observations -- 3.13.5 Benthic landers and crawlers -- 3.13.6 Shoreline monitoring and beachcombing -- 3.14 Conclusion -- References -- 4. Oil spill clean-up -- 4.1 Introduction to oil spills and its contamination -- 4.2 Treatment methodologies followed for removing oil spills from marine water -- 4.3 Oil spill removal using sorbents -- 4.3.1 Introduction to sorption -- 4.3.2 Classification of adsorbents -- 4.3.3 Organic and agro-based products. , 4.3.4 Synthetic adsorbents -- 4.3.5 Inorganic adsorbents -- 4.3.6 Nanoparticles as adsorbents -- 4.3.7 Biosorbents -- 4.4 Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons -- 4.4.1 Introduction to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its effects in marine biota -- 4.4.2 Factors influencing bioremdiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- 4.4.2.1 Temperature -- 4.4.2.2 pH -- 4.4.2.3 Oxygen -- 4.4.3 Aerobic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon -- 4.4.4 Anaerobic degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon -- 4.4.5 Common microbes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation -- 4.4.6 Fertilizers enhanced biodegradation -- 4.4.7 Efficacy in the use of bioremediation -- 4.5 Application of biosurfactants in removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon -- 4.5.1 Introduction to biosurfactants -- 4.5.2 Classification of biosurfactants -- 4.5.3 Properties of surfactants -- 4.5.4 Oil remediation using biosurfactants -- 4.6 Sponges in removal of oil spills -- 4.7 Floating foams in cleaning up oil spills -- 4.8 Oil removal from marine environment using polymeric nanofibres -- 4.8.1 Properties of polymeric nanofibres -- 4.8.2 Mechanism of oil removal -- 4.9 Oil removal using particulate interactions -- 4.9.1 Role of flocculation-interaction with inorganic matters -- 4.9.2 Biological flocculation in clearing oil spills -- 4.9.3 Potential of suspended particle matter to increase settling rate of surface oil -- 4.10 Chemical treatment using dispersants and emulsion breakers -- 4.11 Thermal treatment -- 4.11.1 Incineration -- 4.11.2 Low-temperature thermal desorption -- 4.12 Stabilization/solidification -- 4.13 Soil vapour extraction -- 4.14 Miscellaneous technologies in removing oil spills from water -- 4.15 Conclusion -- References -- 5. Ballast water management -- 5.1 Introduction to ballast water. , 5.2 Ballast water quality by international maritime organisation -- 5.3 Regulations for ballast waste management -- 5.3.1 International regime -- 5.3.2 US federal domestic regime -- 5.4 Ballast water treatment -- 5.4.1 Primary treatment -- 5.4.2 Mechanical treatment -- 5.4.3 Chemical treatment -- 5.4.3.1 Biocides -- 5.4.3.2 Oxidizing biocides -- 5.4.3.2.1 Chlorine -- 5.4.3.2.2 Chlorine dioxide -- 5.4.3.2.3 Ozone -- 5.4.4 Electroionization magnetic separation -- 5.4.5 Deoxygenation -- 5.5 Ballast water management system using active substances -- 5.5.1 Electrochlorination -- 5.5.1.1 Reaction mechanism -- 5.5.1.2 Chlorine gas -- 5.5.2 Ozonation -- 5.5.3 UV light -- 5.5.4 Neutralization of active substance -- 5.6 Ballast water exchange -- 5.6.1 Sequential ballast water exchange -- 5.6.2 Flow through ballast water exchange -- 5.7 Problems associated with ballast water -- 5.7.1 Sediments in ballast tanks -- 5.7.2 Biofouling in the ballast tanks -- 5.7.3 Larger organism in the tank -- 5.7.4 Trap samples -- 5.8 Conclusion -- References -- 6. Pesticides clean-up -- 6.1 Introduction to pesticides pollution in marine environment -- 6.2 Removal of pesticides from marine water using different methodologies -- 6.3 Microbial degradation of pesticides in aquatic environment -- 6.3.1 Various modes of bioremediation with microorganisms -- 6.3.1.1 Strategies in accessing bioaugmentation -- 6.3.1.2 Comparison of efficiencies of bioremediation in all three types -- 6.3.2 Bacterial degradation of pesticides -- 6.3.3 Fungal degradation of pesticides -- 6.3.4 Enzymatic degradation of pesticides using microbes -- 6.4 Photodegradation of pesticides -- 6.4.1 Mechanism of degradation by hydroxyl radicals -- 6.4.2 Degradation of some pesticides in sea water -- 6.5 Nanocomposite membranes in removing pesticides from water. , 6.5.1 Introduction to nanocomposite membrane in water purification.

Note: Cover -- Copyright Page -- Title Page -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivation -- 1.2 Wireless Networks -- 1.3 Real-Time Systems -- 1.4 Overview of Book -- 2 A Study of the Base Case -- 2.1 A Basic System Model for Real-TimeWireless Networks -- 2.2 Feasibility Analysis -- 2.3 Scheduling Policies -- 2.4 Proofs of Optimality -- 2.5 Simulation Results -- 3 Admission Control -- 3.1 An Efficient Algorithm when Packet Generation is Periodic -- 3.2 Admission Control under Fading Channels -- 4 Scheduling Policies -- 4.1 An Extended System Model -- 4.2 A Framework for Determining Scheduling Policies -- 4.3 Scheduling over Unreliable Fading Channels -- 4.4 Scheduling Policy under Rate Adaptation -- 5 Utility Maximization without Rate Adaptation -- 5.1 Problem Formulation and Decomposition -- 5.2 A Bidding Procedure between Clients and Access Point -- 5.3 A Scheduling Policy for the Acess Point -- 5.3.2 Optimality of theWeighted Transmission Policy -- 5.3.1 Convergence of theWeighted Transmission Policy -- 5.4 Simulation Results -- 6 Utility Maximization with Rate Adaptation -- 6.1 Problem Overview -- 6.2 Examples of Applications -- 6.2.1 Delay-ConstrainedWireless Networks with Rate Adaptation -- 6.2.2 Mobile Cellular Networks -- 6.2.3 Dynamic Spectrum Allocation -- 6.3 A Utility Maximization Approach -- 6.3.1 Convex Programming Formulation -- 6.3.2 An On-line Scheduling Policy -- 6.4 Incentive Compatible Auction Design -- 6.4.1 Basic Mechanism and Incentive Compatibility Property -- 6.4.2 Proof of Optimality -- 6.4.3 Implementation Issues -- 6.5 Algorithms for Specific Applications -- 6.5.1 Delay-ConstrainedWireless Networks with Rate Adaptation -- 6.5.2 Mobile Cellular Networks -- 6.5.3 Dynamic Spectrum Allocation -- 7 Systems with Both Real-Time Flows andNon-Real-Time Flows -- 7.1 System Overview and Problem Formulation. , 7.2 A Solution Using Dual Decomposition -- 7.3 A Dynamic Algorithm and Its Convergence -- 8 Broadcasting andNetwork Coding -- 8.1 System Model -- 8.2 A Framework for Designing Feasibility-Optimal Policies -- 8.3 Scheduling without Network Coding -- 8.4 Broadcasting with XOR Coding -- 8.5 Broadcasting with Linear Coding -- 8.6 Simulation Results -- A Lyapunov Analysis and its Application toQueueing Systems -- B Incentive Compatible Auction Design -- Bibliography -- Authors' Biographies.

Note: Front Cover -- Electrodeionization -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the authors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Purpose -- Background -- Organization -- Concept -- one Introduction -- 1.1 General -- 1.2 Water demand -- 1.2.1 Water demand reduction strategy -- 1.3 Various pollutants -- 1.3.1 Dyes -- 1.3.2 Heavy metals -- 1.3.3 Emerging contaminants -- 1.3.4 Persistent organic pollutants -- 1.4 Water-energy nexus and water sustainability -- 1.5 Water treatment techniques -- 1.5.1 Adsorption -- 1.5.2 Membrane technology -- 1.5.3 Biological methods -- 1.5.4 Coagulation and flocculation -- 1.6 Different Electrochemical methods for wastewater treatment along with its advantage and disadvantage -- 1.6.1 Electrocoagulation -- 1.6.2 Electrodialysis -- 1.6.3 Electrodeionization -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- two Technology overview of electrodeionization -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Electrodialysis -- 2.2.1 Principle of electrodialysis unit -- 2.2.2 Construction of electrodialysis unit -- 2.2.3 Drawbacks -- 2.3 Ion exchanger -- 2.3.1 Principle of ion exchanger -- 2.3.2 Construction of ion exchanger -- 2.3.3 Drawbacks -- 2.4 Electrodeionization -- 2.4.1 Principle of electrodeionization -- 2.4.2 Construction of electrodeionization -- 2.4.3 Merits of electrodeionization -- 2.5 Fundamentals of electrodeionization -- 2.5.1 Electrochemistry -- 2.5.2 Current-voltage relationship in electrodeionization -- 2.5.3 Donnan potential -- 2.5.4 Electrical resistance -- 2.5.5 Limiting current density -- 2.5.6 Nernst equation -- 2.5.7 Transport mechanism in ion-exchange resins -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- three Configuration and mechanism of electrodeionization module -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Electrodeionization mechanism for expulsion and movement of ions -- 3.2.1 Anion expulsion -- 3.2.2 Cation expulsion -- 3.2.3 Anion and cation expulsion. , 3.3 Transport mechanisms created by the ion-exchange resins used in electrodeionization -- 3.4 Principles of adsorption/desorption that affect mass transport in electrodeionization -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- four Construction of electrodeionization -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Overview of electrodeionization -- 4.2.1 Ion-exchange resin -- 4.2.2 Ion-exchange membrane -- 4.2.3 Electrode -- 4.3 Types of electrodeionization -- 4.3.1 Anion exchange electrodeionization -- 4.3.2 Cation exchange electrodeionization -- 4.3.3 Mixed bed electrodeionization -- 4.4 Chemistry in electrodeionization -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- five Application and comparison of electrodeionization -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Electrodeionization -- 5.3 Application of electrodeionization -- 5.3.1 Mining industry -- 5.3.2 Hydrometallurgical industry -- 5.3.3 Electroplating industry -- 5.3.4 Pharmaceutical industries -- 5.4 Conventional techniques -- 5.4.1 Adsorption -- 5.4.2 Reverse osmosis -- 5.4.3 Ion-exchange process -- 5.4.4 Membrane filtration -- 5.4.5 Electrodialysis -- 5.5 Comparison of electrodeionization with other conventional techniques -- 5.6 Comparison of electrodeionization with electrodialysis in terms of cost and energy consumption -- 5.7 Conclusion -- References -- six Heavy metal ions removal by electrodeionization -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Heavy metals -- 6.2.1 Sources -- 6.2.2 Effects of heavy metals -- 6.3 Chromium removal by electrodeionization -- 6.4 Arsenic removal by electrodeionization -- 6.5 Cobalt removal by electrodeionization -- 6.6 Nickel removal by electrodeionization -- 6.7 Other metal ions removal by electrodeionization -- 6.8 Conclusion -- References -- seven Electrodeionization in desalination and water softening -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Desalination -- 7.2.1 Different techniques for desalination -- 7.2.1.1 Solar desalination. , 7.2.1.2 Membrane distillation -- 7.2.1.3 Reverse osmosis -- 7.2.1.4 Electrodialysis -- 7.2.2 Electrodeionization in desalination -- 7.3 Water softening -- 7.3.1 Different techniques for water softening -- 7.3.1.1 Ion exchange -- 7.3.1.2 Reverse osmosis -- 7.3.1.3 Nanofiltration -- 7.3.1.4 Electrodialysis -- 7.3.1.5 Adsorption -- 7.3.2 Electrodeionization in water softening -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- eight Production of high pure water using electrodeionization -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Ultrapure water -- 8.3 Application of ultrapure water -- 8.3.1 Power generation -- 8.3.2 Semiconductor industries -- 8.3.3 Pharmaceutical industries -- 8.4 Ultrapure water production -- 8.4.1 Ultrafiltration -- 8.4.2 Reverse osmosis -- 8.4.3 Ion-exchange process -- 8.4.4 Electrodeionization -- 8.5 Conclusion -- References -- nine Advances future scope in electrodeionization -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Electrodeionization technology -- 9.2.1 Advantages of electrodeionization -- 9.2.2 Limitations of existing electrodeionization technology -- 9.3 Electrostatic shielding -- 9.4 Electrodeionization reversal -- 9.5 Membrane-free electrodeionization -- 9.6 Resin wafer electrodeionization -- 9.7 Coupling of electrodeionization with other techniques -- 9.8 Artificial intelligence in electrodeionization -- 9.9 Conclusion -- References -- ten Economics and environmental aspects of the electrodeionization technique -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Electrodeionization -- 10.3 Health aspects in electrodeionization -- 10.4 Safety aspects in electrodeionization -- 10.5 Design aspects in electrodeionization -- 10.6 Technoeconomic assessment of electrodeionization -- 10.7 Life cycle analysis of electrodeionization -- 10.8 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.

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