Note: Intro -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Geographical Distribution of Genus Cassia -- 1.2. Phytography of Genus Cassia -- 1.3. Phytochemistry of Genus Cassia -- 1.3.1. Leaves -- 1.3.2. Root -- 1.3.3. Stem Bark -- 1.3.4. Seed -- 1.4. Pharmacological Activities of Genus Cassia -- 1.5. Traditional Uses of Genus Cassia -- 1.6. Introduction of Selected Cassia Species -- 1.6.1. Cassia Auriculata -- 1.6.1.1. Botany -- 1.6.1.2. Medicinal Property -- 1.6.1.3. Phytochemistry -- 1.6.2. Cassia Fistula -- 1.6.2.1. Botany -- 1.6.2.2. Medicinal Property -- 1.6.2.3. Phytochemistry -- 1.6.3. Cassia Occidentalis -- 1.6.3.1. Botany -- 1.6.3.2. Medicinal Property -- 1.6.3.3. Phytochemistry -- 1.6.4. Cassia Siamea -- 1.6.4.1. Botany -- 1.6.4.2. Medicinal Property -- 1.6.4.3. Phytochemistry -- 2. Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Selected Cassia Species Using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and UPLC-ESI-QqQLIT-MS/MS -- 2.1. Plant Material and Chemicals -- 2.2. Extraction and Sample Preparation -- 2.3. Preparation of Standard Solution -- 2.4. HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Conditions -- 2.4.1. Instrumentation -- 2.4.2. HPLC Condition -- 2.4.3. Mass Spectrometric Conditions -- 2.5. UPLC- ESI-QqQLIT-MS/MS Conditions -- 2.5.1. Instrumental Parameters -- 2.5.2. UPLC Condition -- 2.5.3. Mass Spectrometric Conditions -- 2.5.4. Source Parameters Optimized for Negative Mode -- 2.5.5. Compound-Dependent Parameters -- 2.6. Principal Component Analysis -- 2.7. Optimization of UPLC conditions -- 2.8. Optimization of MS/MS Conditions -- 2.9. Analytical Method Validation -- 2.9.1. Linearity, LOD and LOQ -- 2.9.2. Precision, Stability and Recovery -- 2.10. Qualitative Analysis of Cassia Occidentalis Samples. , 2.11. Quantitative Analysis of Cassia Species Samples -- 2.12. Principal Component Analysis to Study Chemical Variations -- 3. In-vitro Anti-Proliferative Screening in Selected Cassia Species -- 3.1. Plant Material -- 3.2. Extraction and Sample Preparation -- 3.3. Cell Lines and Anti-Proliferative Assay -- 3.4. In-vitro Anti-Proliferative Activity Evaluation -- 4. Bone Regeneration Effect of Cassia occidentalis Linn. Extract and Its Isolated Compounds -- 4.1. Bone Healing Property of Cassia occidentalis -- 4.2. Osteoporosis and Arthritis -- 4.3. The Effects of CO Extract Fraction and Formulation -- 4.4. Effects of Compounds Derived from CO Extract -- 4.4.1. Apigenin -- 4.4.2. Emodin -- 4.4.3. Luteolin -- 4.4.4. Caryophyllene -- 4.4.5. Kaempferol -- 4.4.6. Quercetin -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of figures -- List of tables -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of abbreviations and units -- 1 Terminalia: Ethno- and Phytopharmacological Review -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Traditional Uses and Medicinal Properties -- 1.3 Phytochemical Constituents -- 1.4 Pharmacological Activities -- 1.5 Phytochemical Analysis -- 2 Identification of Bioactive Phytoconstituents of Terminalia Species by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Plant Materials and Chemicals -- 2.3 Extraction and Sample Preparation -- 2.4 HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Conditions -- 2.5 Qualitative Analysis of the Phytoconstituents of Terminalia Species -- 2.5.1 LC-MS Analysis -- 2.5.2 Identification of Acids -- 2.5.3 Identification of Flavonoids -- 2.5.4 Identification of GA Derivatives -- 2.5.5 Identification of EA Derivatives -- 2.5.6 Identification of PAs -- 2.5.6.1 Dimeric B and A-type PAs -- 2.5.6.2 Trimeric B-type PAs -- 2.6 Conclusion -- 3 Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Six Terminalia Species by UPLC-QqQ[sub(LIT)]-MS/MS -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Plant Materials and Chemicals -- 3.3 Extraction and Sample Preparation -- 3.4 UPLC-QqQ[sub(LIT)]-MS Conditions -- 3.5 Method Development -- 3.5.1 Analytical Method Validation -- 3.6 Quantitative Analysis for Phenolics -- 3.7 Chemometric Analysis -- 3.8 Conclusion -- 4 Simultaneous Estimation of Phytoconstituents in T. chebula Fruit and Its Marketed Polyherbal Formulations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Plant Materials and Chemicals -- 4.3 Extraction and Sample Preparation -- 4.4 Quantitative Analysis -- 4.4.1 Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography/Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ[sub(LIT)] -MS) Conditions -- 4.4.2 Method Development -- 4.4.3 Analytical Method Validation. , 4.4.4 Estimation of the 17 Phenolics and Terpenoids in Extracts of T. chebula Fruits and Polyherbal Formulations -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- 1.1 Different Species of Rauvolfia Found in India -- 1.2 Root of Rauvolfia -- 2.1 Q-TOF MS/MS Spectra of Yohimbine, Reserpine, Ajmalicine and Ajmaline -- 2.2 Ring Cleavages of Yohimbine (28), Reserpine (44) and Ajmalicine (4) in MS/MS -- 2.3 BPCs of Ethanolic Extracts of Rauwolfia Species -- 2.4 PCA Scores Plot (a) from Rauwolfia Species Showing Discrimination Among the R. Serpentina, R. Verticillata, R. Hookeri, R. Micrantha, R. Tetraphylla and R. Vomitoria. Loadings Plots (b) of the Normalized LC-MS Data Obtained from Three Repeats -- 3.1 MS/MS Spectra and Extracted Ion Chromatograms of Compounds Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine -- 3.2 Graphical Representation of Contents (mg/g) of Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine in Root (a) and Leaf (b) of R. Tetraphylla Root (RtR), R. Verticillata Root R (RvR), R. Vomitoria Root (RvmR), R. hookeri Root (RhR), R. Micrantha Root (RmR), R. serpentina Root (RsR), R. tetraphylla Leaf (RtL), R. Verticillata Leaf R (RvL), R. Vomitoria Leaf (RvmL), R. hookeri Leaf (RhL), R. Micrantha Leaf (RmL), and R. Serpentina Leaf (RsL) -- 3.3 PC1 vs. PC2 Plot Showing Discrimination Among R. Serpentina, R. Verticillata, R. Hookeri, R. Micrantha, R. Tetraphylla and R. Vomitoria Roots and Leaves on the Basis of Quantity of Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine -- List of Tables -- 1.1 Pharmacological Activities of Rauvolfia Constituents -- 1.2 Some of the Major Pharmacological Activities of Rauvolfia -- 2.1 Chromatographic and Spectrometric Characteristics of MIAs in the Ethanolic Extract of Six Rauwolfia Species (Root) by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS -- 3.1 MRM Parameters for Quantitative Analysis. , 3.2 Regression equations, Correlation Coefficients, Linearity Ranges, LOD, LOQ, Intraday, Interday Precisions, Sability and Recovery for Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine -- 3.3 The Content (mg/g) of Compounds Ajmaline, Yohimbine, Ajmalicine, Serpentine and Reserpine in Ethanolic Extracts of Roots and Leaves of Rauwolfia Species and Herbal Formulations -- List of Scheme -- 2.1 Proposed Fragmentation Pathways and Diagnostic Fragment Ions of Ajmaline -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Rauvolfia: Ethno- And Phytopharma Cological Review -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Traditional Uses and Medicinal Properties of Rauvolfia -- 1.3 Phytochemical Constituents -- 1.4 Pharmacological Activity -- 1.5 Phytochemical Analysis -- 1.5.1 HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS, CE-MS and LC-MS Analysis -- 1.5.2 Adulteration/Endangered Species -- 1.5.3 Quality Control -- 2 Structural Character ization of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids in Ethanolic Extracts of Rauvolfia Species by LC-QTOF-MS -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Methods Used for Analysis -- 2.2.1 Sample Collection -- 2.2.2 Sample Preparation -- 2.3 LC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals -- 2.3.1 HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Conditions -- 2.3.1.1 Chromatographic Conditions -- 2.3.1.2 Mass Spectrometric Conditions -- 2.3.2 Qualitative Analysis -- 2.3.3 Metabolic Prolifing -- 2.3.3.1 Reserpine Class of Compounds -- 2.3.3.2 Ajmalicine Class of Compounds -- 2.3.3.3 Ajmaline Class of Compounds -- 2.3.3.4 Quaternary Indole Alkaloids -- 2.3.3.5 Other Indole Alkaloids -- 2.3.4 Identification of Markers Using PCA -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 3 Simultaneous Determination of Bioactive Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Sample Preparation -- 3.3 LC-QTRAP-MS Analysis -- 3.3.1 Chromatographic Conditions -- 3.3.2 Mass Spectrometer Conditions -- 3.3.3 Optimization of Analysis. , 3.3.4 Analytical Method Validation -- 3.3.4.1 Linearity, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) -- 3.3.4.2 Precision, Stability and Accuracy -- 3.4 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Alkaloids in Rauvolfia Species -- 3.5 Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- 3.6 Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Common Names of Piper Species -- 1.2 Distribution of Piper Species -- 1.3 Botanical Description of Piper Species -- 1.3.1 Piper Argyrophyllum Miq. -- 1.3.2 Piper Attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. -- 1.3.3 Piper Divaricatum G.Mey. (Synonym: P. Adenophyllum Miq., P. Apiculatum C.DC., P. Colubrina (Link) Miq., P. Colubrinum Link) -- 1.3.4 Piper Galeatum (Miq.) C.DC. (Synonym: Muldera Galeata Miq.) -- 1.3.5 Piper Hymenophyllum (Miq.) Wight -- 1.3.6 Piper Longum L. -- 1.3.7 Piper Mullesua Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (Synonym: P. Guigual Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) -- 1.3.8 Piper Nigrum L. -- 1.3.9 Piper Retrofractum Vahl (Synonym: P. Chaba Hunter, P. Officinarum C.DC.) -- 1.3.10 Piper Umbellatum L. -- 1.4 Brief Review on Chemistry of Piper Species -- 1.5 Brief Review on Pharmacology and Biological Activity of Piper Species -- 1.5.1 Insecticidal and Acaricidal Activity -- 1.5.2 Antifungal Activity -- 1.5.3 Antiamoebic Activity -- 1.5.4 Antimicrobial Activity -- 1.5.5 Effect on Respiratory System -- 1.5.6 Antiasthmatic Activity -- 1.5.7 Antidiabetic Activity -- 1.5.8 Hypocholesterolemic Activity -- 1.5.9 Antioxidant Activity -- 1.5.10 Analgesic Activity -- 1.5.11 Antiinaflmmatory Activity -- 1.5.12 Immunomodulatory Activity -- 1.5.13 Anticancer Activity -- 1.5.14 Antidepressant Activity -- 1.5.15 Antiulcer Activity -- 1.5.16 Effect on Reproductive System -- 1.5.17 Bioavailability Enhancement -- 1.5.18 Hepatoprotective Activity -- 1.6 Traditional Medicinal Uses of Piper Species -- 1.7 Commercially Available Products Obtained from Various Piper Species -- 1.8 Phytochemical Analysis. , 2 Metabolic Profiling of Piper Species by Direct Analysis Using Real Time Mass Spectrometry Combined with Principal Component Analysis -- 2.1 Plant Material and Chemicals -- 2.2 Optimization of DART-MS Analysis -- 2.3 DART-MS Analysis of Piper Species -- 2.4 Identification of Marker Using Principal Component Analysis -- 3 Quantitative Determination of Chemical Constituents of Piper Species Using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS -- 3.1 Plant Material and Chemicals -- 3.2 Extraction and Sample Preparation -- 3.3 UPLC-MS/MS Conditions -- 3.3.1 Instrumental Parameters -- 3.3.2 Compound-dependent Parameters -- 3.4 Optimization of UPLC Conditions -- 3.5 Optimization of MS/MS Conditions -- 3.6 Quantitative Analysis -- 3.6.1 MS/MS Spectra and MRM Transitions -- 3.6.2 Analytical Method Validation -- 3.6.3 Linearity, LOD and LOQ -- 3.6.4 Precision, Stability and Recovery -- 3.6.5 Quantitative Analysis of Samples -- 3.7 Discrimination of Piper Species by Principal Component Analysis -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- 1.1 Worldwide Distribution of Genus Tinospora and Tinospora Cordifolia -- 2.1 Gender Representative DART Mass Spectra of Tinospora Cordifolia Male and Female Stem. Location Specific, Representative DART Mass Spectra of Tinospora Cordifolia Stem -- 2.2 Validated Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Score Plot and Loading Plot Showing Discrimination between Male And Female Tinospora Cordifolia Stem -- 2.3 Base Peak Chromatogram of Tinospora Cordifolia Stem (TCS) Extract -- 2.4 Projection Plot of Relative Abundance of Compounds in Male And Female Tinospora Cordifolia Stem -- 2.5 Relative Abundance of Five Most Stable Stem Constituents of Tinospora Cordifolia at Three Different Locations: Jabalpur (JBL), Kolkata (KOL), and Lucknow (LKO) -- 3.1 Flow Cytometric Analysis of T And B Cell Surface Antigens In BALB/C Mice: (A) CD4 T Cells -- (B) CD8 T Cells -- (C) CD19. Bars Represent Mean ± SE -- *P < -- 0.05 Low Significant -- ** P< -- 0.01 as Highly Significant -- *** P< -- 0.001 Very Highly Significant (Cont, Control Group -- M, Male Plant Extract Group -- F, Female Plant Extract Group -- Leva, Levamisole Group) -- 3.2 Flow Cytometric Analysis of Oxidative Burst in Peritoneal Macrophages and IL-2 and IFN-γ Intracellular Cytokine In CD4 T Cells using Splenocytes of BALB/C Mice: (a) ROS -- (b) IFN-γ -- (c) IL-2. Bars Represent Mean ± SE -- *P < -- 0.05 Low Significant -- **P < -- 0.01 Highly Significant -- ***P < -- 0.001 Very Highly Significant (Cont, Control Group -- M, Male Plant Extract Group -- F, Fema -- 3.3 In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of Tinospora Cordifolia Male (TCM) and Tinospora Cordifolia Female (TCF) in Syngeneic Rat LA7 Mammary Tumor Model. (a) Control. , (b) Treatement of Tumor With Tinospora Cordifolia Female (TCF) Stem Extract -- (c) Treatement Of Tumor With Tinospora Cordifolia Male (TCM) Stem Extract -- List of Tables -- 1.1 Ayurvedic Terms Depicting Tinospora Cordifolia Functions -- 1.2 Major Phytochemicals Isolated and Identified from Different Plant Parts of Tinospora Cordifolia -- 2.1 Geographical Locations of Tinospora Cordifolia Collected and Voucher Specimen (VS) -- 2.2 Exact Mass Data from the Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectra of Tinospora Cordifolia Stem -- 2.3 Compounds Identified in Male and Female Tinospora Cordifolia Stem Based on Mass Spectrometric Analysis -- 2.4 Significant Difference ( t-Test) in Abundance of Major Compounds (Mean ± SD, N = 3) in Male and Female Tinospora Cordifolia Stem (TCS) -- 2.5 Diagnostic Accuracy of Five Stable Constituents of Tinospora Cordifolia Stem to Discriminate Jabalpur and Kolkata Samples using Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve Analysis -- 2.6 Content of Selected Analytes (Mg/G) in Male and Female in Tinospora Cordifolia Stem -- 3.1 Evaluation of Tinospora Cordifolia Stem Extract on Different Cancer Cell Lines -- List of Schemes -- 2.1 Proposed Fragmentation Pathways of Peaks 14, 20, And 24 (Ecdysterone and Derivatives) -- 2.2 Proposed Fragmentation Pathways of Peaks 18 And 27 (Tinocordifolioside and Tinocordifolin) -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Introduction: Tinospora cordifolia (Amrita)- The Wonder Plant -- 1.1 Natural Habitat and Distribution -- 1.2 Microscopy of Tinospora cordifolia Stem -- 1.3 Ayurvedic Properties -- 1.4 Gross Pharmacological Properties -- 1.5 Phytochemistry -- 2 Phytochemical Analysis and Metabolite Diversity in Tinospora cordifolia -- 2.1 Description of Plant Material -- 2.2 Reagent and Chemicals -- 2.3 Preparation of Extracts. , 2.4 Preparation of Standard and Stock Solutions -- 2.5 DART-TOF-MS Analysis of Intact Stem Samples -- 2.6 DART-TOF-MS Parameters -- 2.7 Chemometric Analysis to Study Discrimination -- 2.8 LC-MS Data Processing for Discrimination -- 2.9 DART-TOF-MS Data Processing for Discrimination -- 2.10 Validation Studies for Chemometric Methods -- 2.11 Optimization of DART-TOF-MS Parameters -- 2.12 DART-TOF-MS Analysis of Male, Female and Geographical Samples -- 2.13 Principal Component Analysis Using DART-TOF-MS Fingerprints -- 2.14 HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Conditions -- 2.15 Screening of Phytochemicals by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis -- 2.16 Guanidino Compounds -- 2.17 Protoberberine Alkaloids -- 2.18 Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids -- 2.19 Aporphine Alkaloids -- 2.20 Other N-Containing Compounds -- 2.21 Ecdysterone and Its Derivatives -- 2.22 Sesquiterpenes -- 2.23 Phytochemical Variation Study in Male and Female Samples -- 2.24 Discrimination in Geographical Samples -- 2.25 Discrimination in Seasonal Samples -- 2.26 Quantitative Estimation -- 2.27 UHPLC Conditions for Quantitation of Alkaloids -- 2.28 ESI-QqQLIT-MS/MS Conditions for Quantitation of Alkaloids -- 3 Correlative Pharmacological Activity of Tinospora cordifolia -- 3.1 Evaluation of Immune Response -- 3.2 Reactive Oxygen Species -- 3.3 CD4/CD8 T and CD19 B Lymphocyte Population -- 3.4 Intracellular Cytokines -- 3.5 In Vivo Evaluation of Immune Response -- 3.6 Evaluation of Cell Cytotoxicity -- 3.7 Morphological Assay and Evaluation -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Worldwide Distribution of Genus Ocimum -- 1.2 Introduction: Selected Ocimum Species -- 1.3 Botanical Description of Selected Ocimum Species -- 1.3.1 O. Americanum L -- 1.3.2 O. Basilicum L -- 1.3.3 O. Gratissimum L -- 1.3.4 O. Kilimandscharicum Gürke -- 1.3.5 O. Tenuiflorum L -- 1.4 Phytochemistry of Selected Ocimum Species -- 1.5 Pharmacological Activity of Selected Ocimum Species -- 2 Rapid Screening of Phytochemicals in Ocimum Species -- 2.1 Plant Material -- 2.2 Instrumentation and Analytical Conditions -- 2.2.1 HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Conditions -- 2.3 HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis -- 2.4 Identification of Flavonoids -- 2.5 Flavonoid C-Glycosides -- 2.6 Flavones and Their O-Glycosides -- 2.7 Flavonols and Their O-Glycosides -- 2.8 Identification of Propenyl Phenol Derivatives -- 2.9 Identification of Triterpenic Acids -- 2.10 Identification of Phenolic Acids and Their Esters -- 3 Quantitation of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Ocimum Species and Its Marketed Herbal Formulations Using UHPLC-MS -- 3.1 Plant Extracts and Marketed Formulations -- 3.2 Instrumentation and Analytical Conditions for Quantitation of 15 Analyte in Six Ocimum Species -- 3.2.1 UHPLC-QqQ[sub(LIT)]-MS/MS Conditions -- 3.3 Optimization of UHPLC-QqQ[sub(LIT)]-MS/MS Conditions for Quantitative Analysis of 15 Analytes in Six Ocimum Species -- 3.4 Analytical Method Validation For Quantitative Analysis of 15 Analytes in Six Ocimum Species -- 3.4.1 Linearity, LOD and LOQ -- 3.4.2 Precision, Stability and Recovery -- 3.5 Quantitative Analysis of 15 Analytes in Six Ocimum Species Samples. , 3.6 Instrumentation and Analytical Conditions For Quantitation of 23 Analyte in Geographical Samples of O. sanctum and Their Herbal Formulations -- 3.6.1 UHPLC Conditions -- 3.6.2 MS Conditions -- 3.7 Optimization of UHPLC-QqQ[sub(LIT)]-MS/MS Conditions For Quantitative Analysis of 23 Analytes in O. Sanctum Sample and Their Herbal Formulations -- 3.8 Analytical Method Validation For Quantitative Analysis of 23 Analytes in O. sanctum Sample and Their Herbal Formulations -- 3.8.1 Linearity, LOD and LOQ -- 3.8.2 Precision, Stability and Recovery -- 3.9 Quantitative Analysis of 23 Analytes in O. Sanctum Sample and Their Herbal Formulations -- 3.10 Discrimination of O. Sanctum from Different Geographical Regions by PCA -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- 1.1 Distribution of Piper Betle in Different Regions in the World -- 1.2 Cultivation of Piper Betle -- 2.1 DART Mass Spectrum of Saufia -- 2.2 DART Mass Spectrum of Deshi -- 2.3 Validated PCA Score Plot of Piper Betle Landraces -- 2.4 Identification and validation of gender in Piper Betle using PCA -- 2.5 Identification of Gender of Thirty Eight Piper Betle Landraces -- 2.6 Tree View of Terapeutic Potential Cluster for Twenty One Piper Betle Landraces -- List of Tables -- 1.1 Some Important Cultural Plants of India with Their Common Names and Botanical Equivalents -- 1.2 Common Names of Piper Betle in Different Region -- 2.1 Piper Betle Landraces with Their Collection or Procurement Sites -- 2.2 Optimization of DART-MS Parameters for the Analysis of Piper Betle Leaf in Positive and Negative Ionization Modes -- 2.3 DART-MS Based Identification of Phytochemicals in Piper Betle Leaf -- 2.4 DART Mass Spectral Data of Piper Betle landraces, Bangla (1), Desawari (2), Deshi (3), J. Green (4), J. White (5), Kalkatiya (6), Mahoba (7), and Saufia (8) -- 2.5 Gender Determination of Unknown Piper Betle on the Basis of Peak Abundance -- 3.1 The [M+H][sup(+)] ions, MS/MS fragment Ions and UV Absorption Maxima for Compounds Identification from Leaf Extracts of Piper Betle by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Experiment -- 3.2 The Content (mg/g) of Three Analytes in Thirteen Piper Betle Landraces -- 3.3 Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in µg/mL of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Piper Betle Landraces against Bacteria and Fungi -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Piper Betle: The Plant and Its Distribution -- 1.2 Botanical Description of Piper Betle -- 1.3 Economic Potential of Leaves. , 1.4 Nutritive Value of Leaves -- 1.5 Morphoanatomical Studies of Piper Betle L. Landraces -- 1.6 Etymology -- 1.7 Cultivation of Piper Betle -- 1.8 Brief Review on the Chemistry of Piper Betle Leaves -- 1.9 Brief Review on Pharmacology and Biological Activity of Piper Betle -- 1.10 Traditional Uses of Piper Betle -- 1.10.1 Antibacterial Activity -- 1.10.2 Antidiabetic Activity -- 1.10.3 Antifertility Activity -- 1.10.4 Antiinflammatory and Antiallergic Response -- 1.10.5 Antimalarial Activity -- 1.10.6 Antioxidant Activity -- 1.10.7 Insecticidal Activity -- 1.10.8 Immunomodulatory Activity -- 1.10.9 Chemopreventive and Anticancer Activity -- 1.10.10 Cholinomimetic Effect -- 1.10.11 Neuropharmacological Profile -- 1.10.12 Platelet Inhibition Activity -- 1.10.13 Protective and Healing Activity -- 1.10.14 Radioprotective Activity -- 1.10.15 Antidermatophytic Activity -- 1.10.16 Antihypercholesterolemic Activity -- 1.10.17 Antinociceptive Activity -- 1.10.18 Gastroprotective Activity -- 1.10.19 Antiasthmatic Effect -- 1.10.20 Effect on Thyroid Function Activity -- 2 Metabolite Profiling of Piper Betle Landraces by Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometric Technique -- 2.1 Plant Material and Chemicals -- 2.2 Extraction and Sample Preparation -- 2.3 Preparation of Samples for Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometric Analysis -- 2.4 Analysis Conditions -- 2.5 Multivariate Statistical Analysis -- 2.6 Method Validation -- 2.7 Optimization of Direct analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometric Conditions -- 2.8 Discrimination of Piper Betle Landraces -- 2.9 Differences in Piper Betle Male and Female Leaf Metabolite Profile -- 2.10 Phytochemical Profiling to Classify the Therapeutic Potential of Piper Betle Landraces -- 2.11 Discrimination of the Piper Betle Landraces from Different Geographical Origin. , 3 LC-MS Analysis of Piper Betle Leaf and Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity -- 3.1 Plant Material, Reagents and Chemicals -- 3.2 Extraction and Sample Preparation -- 3.3 Preparation of Standard Solution -- 3.4 Instrumentation and Analytical Conditions -- 3.5 Optimization of Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometric Conditions -- 3.6 Qualitative Analysis -- 3.6.1 Identification of Propenyl Phenols and Their Derivatives -- 3.6.2 Identification and Characterization of Other Phytoconstituents -- 3.7 Validation Parameters of Quantitative Analysis -- 3.7.1 Linearity, Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantification -- 3.7.2 Precision, Stability, and Recovery -- 3.8 Quantitative Analysis -- 3.9 Principal Component Analysis -- 3.10 Antimicrobial Activity -- 3.11 Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Index.

Note: Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Authors -- List of Abbreviations and Units -- 1 Introduction: Phyllanthus-Ethno- and Phytopharmacological Review -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Traditional Uses and Medicinal Properties of Phyllanthus -- 1.3 Phytochemistry -- 1.4 Pharmacological Activity -- 1.5 Phytochemical Analysis -- 2 Screening of Phytochemicals in P. Amarus by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS -- 2.1 Methods Used for Analysis -- 2.2 Plant Collection and Extraction -- 2.3 LC-MS Analysis of Phytochemicals -- 2.4 Qualitative Analysis -- 2.4.1 Hydroxybenzoic and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives -- 2.4.2 Flavonoids -- 2.4.3 Ellagic Acid and their Derivatives -- 2.4.4 Lignans -- 2.4.5 Other Compounds -- 2.5 Quantitative Analysis -- 2.6 Distribution of Bioactive Compounds -- 2.7 PCA of HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS Fingerprints -- 3 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Phyllanthus Species and its Herbal Formulations -- 3.1 Rationale for the Investigation -- 3.2 Sample Collection and Extraction -- 3.3 LC-MS Analysis -- 3.4 Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds -- 3.5 Quantification of  the 23 Components -- 3.6 Differentiation of Plants and Plant Parts -- 4 DART-TOF-MS Analysis of P. Amarus and Study of Geographical Variations -- 4.1 Direct Analysis in Real-Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) -- 4.2 DART-MS Analysis -- 4.3 Chemical Fingerprints -- 4.4 Principal Component Analysis: Discrimination -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- Index.