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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atopic sensitization among children in an Arctic environment (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Asthma has been reported to be rare among Inuits, but so far total and specific IgE levels have never been determined in arctic populations.Objective To determine the prevalence of atopy in children living in an arctic environment, and to examine whether atopy and total IgE levels were associated with parental place of birth, as a measure of ethnicity, and travel history.Material and Methods All schoolchildren in Sisimiut, a community on the West coast of Greenland, were screened for atopy. Blood samples were analysed for total IgE and for specific IgE against inhalant and food allergens. Information on place of birth of children and their parents was obtained from national registries. Information on travel history was obtained from self-administered questionnaires.Results A total of 1031 schoolchildren aged 5 to 18 years had a blood sample drawn (85% of available children for the study). Of these, 151 (14.6%) children were sensitized to at least one inhalant allergen and 42 (4.1%) to at least one food allergen. Sensitization to grass was most common, whereas sensitization to mugwort, birch, animal-dander and house-dust mite was infrequent. Children whose parents were both born abroad had a higher risk of sensitization to inhalant allergens compared with children born of Greenlandic parents (OR = 8.6, 95% CI 2.8–27.1). Furthermore, children who had been abroad had a higher risk of sensitization towards pollen (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.5) and animal-dander (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.0–4.6) after adjustment for confounders. Both atopic and non-atopic children demonstrated high levels of total IgE (medians of 251 and 58 kU/L).Conclusions Compared with European findings Greenlandic children have high levels of total IgE but a low prevalence of allergic sensitization towards inhalant allergens. This may be due to a low genetic susceptibility to atopy and less allergen exposure, as well as to living conditions in an arctic environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01316.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POLYMORPHISM OF BOVINE MHC CLASS II GENES. JOINT REPORT OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL BOVINE LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN (BOLA) WORKSHOP, INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND, 1 AUGUST 1992 (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Polymorphism of the bovine DRB, DQA, DQB, DYA, DOB and DIB genes was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, isoelectric focusing (IEF), class II serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based typing techniques. The simultaneous application of multiple typing techniques and the characterization of multiple genes resulted in a greatly enhanced picture of the bovine class II regions. Thirty-eight class IIa (DR-DQ) and 5 class lib (DYA-DOB-DIB) haplotypes were defined. It was found that IEF types were associated with DRB3 polymorphism defined by DRB3 PCR-RFLP and DRB3 microsatellite PCR. Serologically defined polymorphism was associated with distinct molecular/IEF motifs and, therefore, DR and DQ specificities could be tentatively distinguished. Although the DR and DQ genes are tightly linked, neither DR nor DQ typing defined all of the class IIa region polymorphism. Furthermore, even the most powerful DRB3 typing technique, DRB3 PCR-RFLP, failed to detect all expressed DRB3 polymorphism. All detected DRB3 polymorphism could, however, be distinguished with a combination of two molecular techniques: DRB3 PCR-RFLP and DRB3 microsatellite PCR. RFLP typing with transmembrane probes detected significantly less polymorphism than typing with cDNA or exon probes. However, the transmembrane probes were useful because they were locus specific. The presence of only 5 of 12 possible class lib haplotypes was unexpected and indicates that the DYA, DOB and DIB genes are tightly linked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00198.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    POLYMORPHISM OF BOVINE MHC CLASS I GENES. JOINT REPORT OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL BOVINE LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN (BoLA) WORKSHOP, INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND, 1 AUGUST 1992 (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The objectives of the Fifth International BoLA Workshop were to: standardize nomenclature, compare typing methods, and characterize BoLA haplotypes. The workshop was based on the distribution of blood samples (cells) from 60 selected cattle to 14 laboratories. Results for the class I (BoLA-A) region are presented in this paper while results for the class II regions are presented in a separate report. Thirty-six of the 50 previously established serological class I specificities were represented in the cell panel. However, only 30 specificities could be confirmed. Two specificities, A16 and A32, were upgraded from provisional, workshop (w) specificities to BoLA-A locus specificities and three new specificities, w51(w28), w52 and w53(w28), were defined. The 39 specificities distinguished 30 class I haplotypes in the 60 animals. Class I isoelectric focusing proved to be a useful adjunct to the serology. Isoelectric focusing confirmed several serologically defined splits and detected splits of A15(A8), A18(A6) and A22(w49) that had not been detected by serology. Subsequently, serological support for splits of A15(A8) and A22(w49) was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00197.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations in farm animals of associations between the MHC system and disease resistance and fertility
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Livestock Production Science 22 (1989), S. 49-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0301-6226
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(89)90124-3
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low sensitivity of Tubifex sp. respiration to hydrogen sulfide and other inhibitors
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 69 (1981), S. 809-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(81)90388-6
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stopped flow mass spectrometry: applications to the carbonic anhydrase reaction
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 12 (1986), S. 305-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-022X
    Keywords: CO"2 ; activation energy ; carbonic anydrase ; gases ; rate constants ; stopped flow mass spectrometry
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0165-022X(86)90067-9
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunoglobulins in demyelinating lesions in canine distemper encephalitis (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) ; Immunopathology ; Demyelination ; Immunoglobulin ; Local Immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brains of 14 dogs with canine distemper encephalitis were examined with immunohistologic techniques to search for immunogobulin in demyelinating lesions. Four types of lesions presumably representing a temporal sequence of lesion development were distinguished. Immunohistologic findings included immunoglobulin bearing lymphoid cells, amorphous Ig containing material, immunoglobulin bound to the tissue and immunoglobulin containing macrophages and astrocytes. The humoral immune response was absent or very minimal in acute lesions and very intense in chronic lesions. It was concluded that early demyelination in canine distemper encephalitis occurs in the absence of a local humoral immune response but that this response may aggravate and accelerate myelin destruction in the later stages of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691330
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demyelination in experimental canine distemper virus infection: Immunological, pathologic, and immunohistological studies (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) ; Immunopathology ; Demyelination ; Immunoglobulin ; Local immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary White matter lesions were induced in the brains of eight of nine dogs by means of experimental canine distemper virus (CDV) infection. Dogs were killed at 21, 24, 31, and 42 days after infection. Lymphocyte responsiveness to Con A and PHA stimulation in vitro was severely suppressed up to 31 days post infection (p.i.), followed by partial recovery as tested at 42 days p.i. Anti-CDV neutralizing antibody response was very weak in most dogs. There was a weak increase in antimyelin and antimyelin basic protein antibodies in most dogs during the course of the experiment. Dogs killed up to 31 days p.i. developed non-inflammatory demyclinating lesions in which no immunoglobulin could be detected. One of the three dogs that were killed at 42 days p.i. developed severe inflammatory demyelination. This was the only dog with a strong anti-MBP antibody response in the CSF and immunoglobulin demonstrated in demyelinating lesions. The present study supports previous observations that demyelination in acute CDV infection is not an immune mediated lesion but that these lesions may progress as a result of the local immune response. It is uncertain at this stage whether the local immune reaction specifically causes myelin destruction or whether bystander demyelination occurs in chronic CDE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691260
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunological and pathological findings in demyelinating encephalitis associated with canine distemper virus infection (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 56 (1982), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) ; Immunopathology ; Demyelination ; Immunoglobulin ; Local immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine dogs with canine distemper encephalitis (CDE) were examined with immunological techniques including demonstration of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV) in the serum and against myelin basic protein (MBP) in serum and in CSF. Mitogen stimulation tests of lymphocytes were also done. The brains were examined pathologically and immunoglobulin and C3 were demonstrated in lesions by means of immunohistological techniques. Six dogs with acute CDE had none or low antibody levels against CDV or MBP, and there was no immunoglobulin in demyelinating lesions. Some of these dogs had depressed lymphocyte mitogen responses. Two dogs with chronic CDE showed recovery of lymphocyte mitogen responses. One of these had a significant antibody response against CDV and MBP in the serum. Both dogs with chronic CDE had very high antibody titers against MBP in the CSF and demyelinating lesions contained immunoglobulin. These results suggest that acute demyelination in CDE is probably due to some direct viral activity and that the progression of demyelination in chronic CDE is associated with a local immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691174
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory amino acid neurotoxicity and modulation of glutamate receptor expression in organotypic brain slice cultures (2000)
    Springer
    Amino acids 19 (2000), S. 7-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Keywords: Amino acids ; Brain slice cultures ; Hippocampus ; Striatum ; Cerebral cortex ; Kainic acid ; AMPA ; NBQX ; Propidium iodide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Using organotypic slice cultures of hippocampus and cortex-striatum from newborn to 7 day old rats, we are currently studying the excitotoxic effects of kainic acid (KA), AMPA and NMDA and the neuroprotective effects of glutamate receptor blockers, like NBQX. For detection and quantitation of the induced neurodegeneration, we have developed standardized protocols, including – a) densitometric measurements of the cellular uptake of propidium iodide (PI), – b) histological staining by Flouro-Jade, – c) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release to the culture medium, – d) immunostaining for microtubulin-associated protein 2, and – e) general and specific neuronal and glial cell stains. The results show good correlation between the different markers, and are in accordance with results obtained in vivo. Examples presented in this review will focus on the use of PI uptake to monitor the excitotoxic effects of – a) KA and AMPA (and NMDA) in hippocampal slice cultures, and – b) KA and AMPA in corticostriatal slice cocultures, with demonstration of differentiated neuroprotective effects of NBQX in relation to cortex and striatum and KA and AMPA. A second set of studies include modulation of hippocampal KA-induced excitotoxicity and KA-glutamate receptor subunit mRNA expression after long-term exposure to low, non-toxic doses of KA and NBQX. We conclude that organotypic brain slice cultures, combined with standardized procedures for quantitation of cell damage and receptor subunit changes is of great potential use for studies of excitotoxic, glutamate receptor-induced neuronal cell death, receptor modulation and related neuroprotection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007260070029
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