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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 103 (1981), S. 7629-7635 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 93 (1971), S. 4865-4872 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 43 (1971), S. 675-677 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 90 (1968), S. 5894-5895 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 71 (1949), S. 370-371 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hygienemaßnahmen ; Infektion ; nosokomial ; Key words Hygiene ; Infections ; Nosocomial
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The objective of this review is to describe which hygiene measures are appropriate and necessary in anaesthesia and the ICU and which are not, whereby unnecessary hygiene measures are those which are not substantiated by scientific data. The most effective single infection control measure is still hand disinfection between patient contacts. Unnessecary measures include routine sampling of environmental surfaces, disinfecting the floor in the ICU, protective gowns for visitors, so called in-line filters in the infusion system etc. Ventilator tubes only need to be exchanged once a week, even when no HMEs are used.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel dieser Übersicht ist es, die wichtigsten sinnvollen bzw. notwendigen und nicht sinnvollen Hygienemaßnahmen in der Anästhesie und auf Intensivstationen zu beschreiben, wobei nicht sinnvolle Hygienemaßnahmen dadurch definiert sind, daß es für deren Notwendigkeit keine wissenschaftlichen Daten gibt. Die wirkungsvollste krankenhaushygienische Einzelmaßnahme ist nach wie vor die Händedesinfektion. Zu den unnötigen Hygienemaßnahmen gehören ungezielte Umgebungsuntersuchungen, Fußbodendesinfektion auf Intensivstationen, Schutzkittel für Besucher, sog. in-line-Filter im Infusionssystem usw. Das Wechselintervall für Beatmungsschläuche kann auf 7 Tage ausgedehnt werden, auch wenn keine HMEs verwendet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 317-318 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adenosine deaminase ; Lymphocytes ; Cell-mediated immunity ; Hodgkin's disease ; Adenosine deaminase ; Lymphozyten ; Zellvermittelte Immunität ; Morbus Hodgkin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Aktivität der Adenosindesaminase (EC3.5.4.4.) ADA in Blutplasma, Erythrozyten und Lymphozyten wurde bei 23 Patienten mit Morbus Hodgkin und teilweise bei 99 Referenzpersonen bestimmt. Die Enzymaktivitäten wurden mit Adenosin als Substrat und durch Analyse des Ammoniaks gemessen. Zwischen den ADA-Aktivitäten in Blutplasma, Erythrozyten und Lymphozyten wurde keine Korrelation festgestellt. Die Lymphozyten der Patienten wiesen niedrigere ADA-Aktivitäten auf als die Lymphozyten der Referenzpersonen. Die ADA-Aktivität in Plasma oder Erythrozyten ist nicht vermindert. Die herabgesetzten ADA-Aktivitäten in den Lymphozyten der Patienten können zur gestörten zellvermittelten Immunantwort bei Morbus Hodgkin in Beziehung gesetzt werden.
    Notes: Summary The activity of adenosine deaminase (ADA) (EC3.5.4.4.) was determined in the blood plasma, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes of 23 patients with Hodgkin's disease and partly also in 99 control subjects. The enzyme activities were measured using adenosine as substrate and by analysis of ammonia. No correlation was found between the ADA activities in lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and blood plasma. The lymphocytes of the patients revealed lower ADA activities (U/g protein) than the lymphocytes of control subjects. The ADA activity is not reduced in plasma or erythrocytes. The lower activities of ADA in the lymphocytes of patients may be related to the impaired cell-mediated immunity of the Hodgkin's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 44 (1966), S. 503-511 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary By combination of measurements that show the correlation between the extent of anaerobic glucolysis and mean doubling time of different types of cancer cells, with measurements of the correlation between glucose concentration and amount of anaerobic glucolysis it is deduced, that the mean doubling time of cancer cells in vivo (respectively their factual malignancy), for cancer cells of a definite type is a definite function of the effective glucose concentration in the locus of cancer cells in the focus of the disease. This function, the “cancer cells characteristic curve”, has a fundamental importance for the theory, course and therapy of cancer. In consequence of the glucose consumption of the glucolyzing cancer cells, the mean effective glucose concentration in the focusses of the disease decreases to 1/100 of the blood glucose concentration. In vitro, measurements of the elementary quantity of the glucose consumption of glucolyzing cancer cells, that are in good compliance with former measurings, make the basis for the calculation of the effective glucose concentrations within tumors. Furthermore the given equations permit the theoretical estimation of factual malignancy from the amount of the glucose concentration and from the local density of living (glucolyzing) cancer cells or from measurements of the glucose concentration in tissue samples taken from the focus of disease. The calculated values of the mean glucose concentration in centers of the disease are in excellent compliance with measurements of the glucose concentration within tumors of different types, extent and malignancy. These measurements reveal the fact that the glucose concentration within tumors and, dependent from it, the operating point in the “cancer cells characteristic curve” fluctuates very much in local and temporal respect. (Glucose concentration structure respectively malignancy structure of tumors!) Finally, especially for the optimization of the “multi-step cancer therapy”, the methods are discussed for artificial high increase of the effective glucose concentration in the focusses of the disease during the therapy, and for the artificial decrease of the effective glucose concentration in the focusses during the critical time interval between the end of the therapy and the end of the histiolysis of the focus.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Aus der Verknüpfung von Messungen, die den Zusammenhang zwischen Größe der anaeroben Glucosevergärung und der mittleren Verdopplungszeit verschiedener Arten von Krebszellen zeigen, mit Messungen über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Höhe des Glukosespiegels und der Größe der anaeroben Glucosevergärung folgt, daß diemittlere in vivo-Verdopplungszeit der Krebszellen (bzw. ihre faktische Malignität) für Krebszellen vorgegebener Art eine bestimmte Funktion des effektiven Glukosespiegels am Ort der Krebszellen im Krankheitsherd ist. Diese Funktion, die „Krebszellenkennlinie“, hat fundamentale Bedeutung für Theorie, Verlauf und Therapie der Krebserkrankung. Infolge des Glucoseverbrauches der gärenden Krebszellen sinkt der effektive Glukosespiegel in den Krankheitsherden bis auf unter 1/100 des Blutglukosespiegels ab. In vitro-Messungen über die elementareGröße des Glukoseverbrauches der gärenden Krebszellen, welche in guter Übereinstimmung mit älteren Messungen stehen, bringen die Voraussetzung für dieBerechnung des effektiven Glukosespiegels in Tumoren. Angegebene Gleichungen erlauben darüber hinaus die theoretische Abschätzung der faktischen Malignität aus der Höhe des Blutglukosespiegels und aus der örtlichen Dichte lebender (gärender) Krebszellen oder aus Messungen der Glukosekonzentration in dem Krankheitsherd entnommenen Gewebeproben. Die berechneten Werte für den mittleren Glukosespiegel in Krankheitsherden befinden sich in ausgezeichneter Übereinstimmung mit Messungen zur Höhe des Glukosespiegels in Tumoren verschiedener Art, Größe und Malignität. Die Messungen enthüllten die Tatsache, daß innerhalb von Tumoren die Höhe des Glukosespiegels und damit der Arbeitspunkt auf der Krebszellenkennlinie örtlich und auch zeitlich sehr stark schwankt. (Glukosespiegelstruktur bzw. Malignitätsstruktur von Tumoren!). Abschließend werden (insbesondere für die Optimierung der „Krebs-Mehrschritt-Therapie“) Maßnahmen besprochen zurkünstlichen starken Heraufsetzung des effektiven Glukosespiegels in den Krankheitsherden während der Therapie und zurkünstlichen Herabsetzung des effektiven Glukosespiegels in den Herden während der als kritisch erkannten Zeitspanne zwischen Therapieende und Beendigung des Herdeinschmelzvorganges.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 45 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Migrating elvers of the American eel, Anguilla rosirata, were examined in an experimental flume to determine the effect of water speed and presence of substrate on swimming performance. Use of the substrate as a resting area between movements increased with increasing water speed. The number of elvers moving in the boundary layer above the substrate was significantly greater than those moving in the water column. Swimming speed in the water column and along the substrate increased with water speed. Rate of progress over ground in the water column and boundary layer increased slightly with water speed initially, but subsequently declined in the boundary layer. Overall, swimming speed increased linearly with increasing water speed and net upstream progress remained constant with increasing water speed. Use of the boundary layer probably was restricted by the thickness of the layer as a function of water speed. The boundary layer should be used to maximize distance and minimize energy expense when migrating upstream. Elvers appear to use substrate to avoid free stream velocities and not as a medium for movement. Fifty per cent of all elvers tested in a chamber without substrate, which had no resting places, were unable to swim; thus migrations may be limited by the need to rest. The potential migration rate was estimated to approach 100m per day, based on movements in the substrate chamber.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 211 (1966), S. 1322-1322 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] One way of avoiding this difficulty is to use L-threo -chloramphenicol as a control treatment. The L-threo isomer is relatively ineffective in inhibiting protein synthesis3. Ellis4 has reported that both the D-threo and L-threo isomers are effective in inhibition of ion accumulation, and he ...
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