Note: Front Cover -- Methods in Virology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Previous Volumes -- Chapter 1. Hybridization of Viral Nucleic Acids: Newer Methods on Solid Media and in Solution -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification of Nucleic Acid -- III. Preparation of Labeled Nucleic Acid Probes -- IV. Basic Methods of Nucleic Acid Hybridization -- V. Southern Blot Hybridization -- VI. Northern Blots -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Applications of Oligonucleotide Fingerprinting to the Identification of Viruses -- I. Introduction -- II. Principles and Mechanisms of Fingerprint Analysis -- III. Experimental Procedures -- IV. Applications -- V. Summary and Conclusions -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Immunosorbent Electron Microscopy in Plant Virus Studies -- I. Introduction -- II. Parameters of the Method -- III. Varying Success with ISEM -- IV. Applications -- V. Detection of Double-Stranded RNA -- VI. Preparation of Grids for Later Use -- VII. Problems and Prospects for the Future -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. Quantitative Transmission Electron Microscopy for the Determination of Mass-Molecular Weight of Viruses -- I. Introduction -- II. Theory -- III. Procedure and Treatment of Data to Obtain the Average Mass of Virus Particles -- IV. Applications in Virology -- V. Discussion -- VI. Summary -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Use of Thin Sectioning for Visualization and Identification of Plant Viruses -- I. Introduction -- II. Technical Procedures for Processing Plant Tissues -- III. Cytological Modifications of Diagnostic Value -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Purification and Immunological Analyses of Plant Viral Inclusion Bodies -- I. Introduction -- II. Inclusion Purification -- III. Serological Analyses -- IV. Discussion -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES. , Chapter 7. Use of Mosquitoes to Detect and Propagate Viruses -- I. Rationale for Use of the Technique -- II. Technical Considerations -- III. Possible Limitations and Pitfalls -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Prions: Methods for Assay, Purification, and Characterization -- I. Introduction -- II. Assays for Scrapie Prions -- III. Histopathology -- IV. Purification -- V. Identification and Detection of PrP -- VI. Electron Microscopy -- VII. Polarization Microscopy -- VIII. Biocontainment and Decontamination Procedures -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Detection of Genome-Linked Proteins of Plant and Animal Viruses -- I. Introduction -- II. Detection of a Genome-Linked Protein (VPg) -- III. Characterization of Genome-Linked Proteins and Adjacent Nucleotide Sequences -- IV. Biosynthesis of Genome-Linked Proteins -- V. Possible Functions of Genome-Linked Proteins -- REFERENCES -- Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Methods in Virology -- Copyright Page -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Chapter 1. Analysis of Protein Constituents of Viruses -- I. Introduction -- II. Chemical Methods for Characterization of Virus Proteins -- III. Physical Methods for Characterization of Virus Proteins -- IV. Amino Acid-Sequence Analysis of Virus Proteins -- V. Renaturation of Virus Proteins and Reconstitution of Viruses -- References -- Chapter 2. Analysis of Lipid Components of Viruses -- I. Introduction -- II. Lipid Methodology -- III. Applications of Existing Methodology to Lipid-Containing Viruses -- IV. Summary -- References -- Chapter 3. RNA Virus RNA Polymerase: Detection, Purification, and Properties -- I. Introduction -- II. Detection -- III. Purification -- IV. Properties of the Qβ-RNA Polymerase -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Immunological Techniques for Animal Viruses -- I. Introduction -- II. Neutralization Test -- III. Hemagglutination (HA) and Hemagglutination-Inhibition (HI) Tests -- IV. Complement-Fixation (CF) Test -- V. Fluorescent-Antibody (FA) Techniques -- VI. Immunodiffusion -- VII. Other Tests -- References -- Chapter 5. Serological Techniques for Plant Viruses -- I. The Preparation of Reagents -- II. The Precipitation Reaction -- III. Modifications of the Precipitation Reaction -- IV. Other Types of Serological Tests -- V. The Quantitative Estimation of Viruses -- VI. The Estimation of Antibody Concentration -- VII. Methods for Determining Serological Relationships between Plant Viruses -- VIII. Labeled Antibody Methods -- References -- Chapter 6. The Plaque Assay of Animal Viruses -- I. Introduction -- II. General Consideration of the Plaque Assay Method -- III. Preparation of Media -- IV. Preparation of Cell Suspensions -- V. Virus-Dilution Media and Procedures. , VI. Culture Containers -- VII. Monolayer Assay Methods -- VIII. Agar Cell-Suspension Methods -- IX. Incubation and Staining of Plates and Counting of Plaques -- X. Special Uses of the Plaque Assay Method -- XI. Some Recent Developments -- XII. Methods for Individual Viruses -- XIII. Some Sources of Difficulty -- References -- Chapter 7. Transformation Assays -- I. Introduction -- II. Principles of Assays for Transforming Activity -- III. Assay Methods for Particular Viruses -- References -- Chapter 8. Methods for Selecting RNA Bacteriophage -- I. Introduction -- II. General Techniques -- III. Selection Techniques -- IV. Identification of the Nucleic Acid -- References -- Chapter 9. Structural Studies of Viruses -- I. The Scope of the Article -- II. Principles of Design of Viruses -- III. Interpretation of Electron Micrographs -- IV. Introduction to the Theory of Diffraction -- V. X-ray Diffraction from Virus Crystals -- VI. Low-Angle X-ray Diffraction in Solution -- VII. X-ray Diffraction from Orientated Rod Viruses -- VIII. Comparison of X-ray and Electron Microscope Techniques -- References -- Chapter 10. Microscopic Techniques -- I. Fluorescent-Antibody Techniques -- II. Staining with Acridine Orange -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 11. Electron Microscopy of Isolated Virus Particles and Their Components -- I. Some General Remarks on the Application of the Electron Microscope to the Study of Biological Structure at the Macromolecular Level -- II. Specimen-Support Films -- III. Mounting of Isolated Virus Particles and Components -- IV. Shadow-Casting Techniques -- V. Replica Techniques -- VI. Positive Staining of Virus Particles and Their Components -- VII. The Application of Negative Staining Techniques to the Study of Virus Structure -- VIII. Particle Counting -- IX. Calibration of the Electron Microscope -- X. Conclusion -- References. , Chapter 12. The Application of Thin Sectioning -- I. Introduction -- II. History -- III. Fixation -- IV. Embedding -- V. Sectioning -- VI. Specimen Grids and Supporting Film -- VII. Staining -- VIII. The Electron Microscope -- IX. Ancillary Techniques -- X. Conclusion -- XI. Illustrations -- References -- Chapter 13. Autoradiographic Methods for Electron Microscopy -- I. Specimen Label -- II. The Emulsions -- III. Description of the Technique -- IV. Quantitative Aspects of Electron Autoradiography -- V. Advantages and Limitations of This Method -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.

Note: Front Cover -- Methods in Virology -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Contents of Other Volumes -- Chapter 1. Fusion of Cells for Virus Studies and Production of Cell Hybrids -- I. Introduction -- II. Methods -- III. Cell Fusion in Virology -- IV. Selection of Hybrid Cell Lines -- V. Uses of Heterokaryons and Hybrid Cell Lines -- References -- Chapter 2. New Approaches to Ultracentrifugation -- I. Introduction -- II. A Solution: New Approaches -- III. Results -- IV. Discussion and Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3. Small Circular Viral DNA: Preparation and Analysis -- I. Introduction -- II. Virus Cultivation, Concentration, and Purification -- III. DNA Extraction and Purification -- IV. Physical Analysis of DNA Components -- V. Biological Analysis of DNA Components -- Appendix -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Viral RNA -- I. Introduction -- II. Apparatus -- III. Procedures for Preparation and Running of Gels -- IV. Analysis of the Distribution of RNA on Polyacrylamide Gels after Electrophoresis -- V. Elution of RNO from Analytical Gel Fractions -- VI. Large-Scale Preparative Techniques -- VII. Applications to Virological Problems and the Analysis of Results -- VIII. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of Viral Proteins -- I. Introduction -- II. Procedures for Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis -- III. Interpretation of Results -- IV. Discussion -- V. Appendix: Common Complaints, Troubleshooting Suggestions, and Tips -- References -- Chapter 6. DNA-RNA and DNA-DNA Hybridization in Virus Research -- I. Introduction -- II. Materials -- III. DNA-RNA Hybridization Procedure -- IV. Characteristics of the DNA-RNA Hybridization Reaction -- V. Thermal Elution of RNA from RNA-DNA Hybrids. , VI. Hybridization and Elution Procedures that Minimize RNA Degradation -- VII. DNA-DNA Hybridization Procedure -- VIII. Alternative Methods of Hybridization -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 7. Techniques of RNA-DNA Hybridizationin Solution for the Study of Viral Transcription -- I. Introduction -- II. Basic Equipment -- III. Preparation of Nucleic Acids -- IV. RNA-DNA Hybridization in Solution (Liquid Hybridization) -- V. Segmental Transcription Studies by RNA-DNA Hybridization in Solution -- References -- Chapter 8. Methods for the Study of mRNA Synthesis in Bacteriophage-Infected E. coli -- I. General Introduction -- II. Bacteriophage-Host System -- III. Isolation Methods -- IV. Analytical Methods -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 9. Reactions of Viruses in Agar Gel -- I. Introduction -- II. Reactions between Viral Antigens and Antibodies -- III. Reactions between Viruses and Erythrocyte Stromata -- IV. Electron Microscopic Examination of Reaction Lines -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 10. Methods for the Study of Virus-Antibody Complexes -- I. General Introduction -- II. Methods of Reactivating Neutralized Virus -- III. Characterization of the Virus-Antibody Complex -- IV. Methods of Separating the Components of a Virus-Antibody Reaction Mixture -- References -- Chapter 11. Techniques of Ferritin- Tagged Antibodies -- I. Introduction -- II. Purification of Ferritin -- III. Preparation of Antibody Globulin Fraction from Serum -- IV. Conjugation of Ferritin and Antibody -- V. Evaluating the Conjugate -- VI. Methods of Direct Ferritin-Tagging -- VII. Methods of Indirect Ferritin-Tagging -- VIII. Controls in Ferritin-Tagging Experiments -- IX. Hybrid Antibody Method for Ferritin Localization of Antigen -- X. Application of Hybrid Antibody -- XI. Other Methods of Visualizing Immune Globulins -- XII. Conclusions. , References -- Chapter 12. The Immunoperoxidase Technique: Localization of Viral Antigens in Cells -- I. Introduction -- II. The Principles of the Immunoperoxidase Technique -- III. Properties of Horseradish Peroxidase -- IV. Histochemical Detection of Peroxidase Activity -- V. Peroxidase-Antibody Labeling Techniques -- VI. Procedure for Detection of Viral Antigens in Cells by the Immunoperoxidase Technique -- VII. Interpretation of the Results Obtained for the Localization of Viral Antigens in Cells by the Immunoperoxidase Technique -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 13. Leaf Dip Serology -- I. Introduction -- II. Procedure -- III. Results and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 14. Procedures to Increase Virus Yield from Infected Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. Sequence of Events in Virus Infection -- III. Criteria for Virus Yield -- IV. Factors Affecting Virus Yield -- V. Summary -- References -- Chapter 15. Freeze-Etching Technique for the Study of Virus Ultrastructure -- I. Introduction -- II. The Freeze-Etching Technique -- III. Results up to the Present -- IV. Conclusion and Prospects -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.