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  • 1
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Double fertilization of the egg cell and the central cell by one sperm cell each produces the diploid embryo and the typically triploid endosperm and is one of the defining characteristics of flowering plants (angiosperms). Endosperm and embryo develop in parallel to form the mature seed, but ...
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Guanine-nucleotide exchange factors on ADP-ribosylation factor GTPases (ARF-GEFs) regulate vesicle formation in time and space by activating ARF substrates on distinct donor membranes. Mammalian GBF1 (ref. 2) and yeast Gea1/2 (ref. 3) ARF-GEFs act at Golgi membranes, ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 5 (1986), S. 97-100 
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Shoot segments of Medicago varia genotype A2 were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain bo42 carrying pGA471, a plasmid coding for the kanamycin resistant determinant as transferable positive selection marker in plant cells (An et al., 1985). Resistant plants were regenerated at high frequency from green calli developed on inoculated stem cuttings under kanamycin selection. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis showed the presence of the structural gene of the kanamycin resistant determinant in total DNA isolated from several independent transformants. All data presented clearly demonstrate the transfer, stable maintenance and functional expression of the kanamycin resistance marker in Medicago varia cells which retain their morphogenic property.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An efficient procedure for Agrobacterium tumefaciens- mediated transformation of the desiccation-tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum has been developed. Leaf explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain GV3101 carrying the gene for kanamycin- or hygromycin-resistance and the ßglucuronidase reporter gene. Parameters which affected the transformation efficiency were the age of the explant, the degree of wounding and the presence of an antioxidant in the medium. Under optimal conditions, calli originated in more than 80% of leaf explants. Transformed plants were obtained from more than 50% of the cultured calli during regeneration in the presence of a suitable antibiotic. The stable integration of T-DNA was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and its expression by assays for ß-glucuronidase activity.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 20 (1992), S. 963-976 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation ; gene tagging ; reporter gene fusions ; genetic linkage analysis ; T-DNA rescue ; complementation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Root derived protoplasts ; Somatic embryogenesis ; DNA transformation ; Transient uidA gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An efficient technique was developed for the isolation, culture, transformation and regeneration of protoplasts derived from auxin conditioned Arabidopsis root cultures. On an average 30% of root protoplasts underwent cell division in liquid culture and formed somatic embryolike structures which regenerated to plants without embedding in Ca2+-alginate. The protoplast protocol was applicable to different landraces of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., such as RLD, Columbia or C24. PEG-mediated DNA uptake into protoplasts using different uidA reporter gene constructs yielded transient gene expression in over 25% of treated cells indicating that root-derived protoplasts are suitable recipients for transformation.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Agrobacterium binary vector system ; Plant transformation ; Tissue specificity ; T-DNA-encoded genes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A “plant gene vector cassette” to be used in combination with various Escherichia coli gene-cloning vectors was constructed. This cassette contains a replication and mobilization unit which allows it to be maintained and to be transferred back and forth between E. coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens hosts provided these hosts contain plasmid RK2 replication and mobilization helper functions. The cassette also harbors a transferable DNA unit with plant selectable marker genes and cloning sites which can be combined with different bacterial replicons, thus facilitating the reisolation of transferred DNA from transformed plants in E. coli. The vector cassette contains two different promoters derived from the T-DNA-encoded genes 5 and nopaline synthase (NOS). By comparing the levels of expression of the marker enzymes linked to each of these promoter sequences, it was found that the gene 5 promoter is active in a tissue-specific fashion whereas this is not the case for the NOS promoter. This observation provides the first documented instance of a gene derived from a procaryotic host the expression of which is apparently regulated by plant growth factors.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 207 (1987), S. 99-105 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Transposon Tn5 mutagenesis ; Genetransfer to plants ; Agrobacterium binary vector system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A novel bacterial transposon, Tn5-PV, that can used for mapping and analysis of the expression of genes transferred into plant cells, was constructed by insertion of a plant gene vector into Tn5 without alteration of its transposition properties. Tn5-PV carries ori V and ori T sequences of the broad host range plasmid RK2 linked to selectable and screenable plant marker genes and to the 25 bp border sequences of Agrobacterium Ti plasmid T-DNAs, orientated towards the ends (IS50L and IS50R) of Tn5. Plasmids with Tn5-PV insertions are converted by the transposon insertion into plant gene vectors that can be efficiently mobilized from Escherichia coli and stably maintained in Agrobacterium hosts. Due to the orientation of the T-DNA borders. Tn5-PV mediates the transfer of target plasmids from Agrobacterium to plant cells. The usefulness of this approach was demonstrated by transferring independent transposon insertions in T-DNA tumour genes to tobacco cells. The correlation between the map position of transposon insertions, tumour phenotypes, the absence of specific T-DNA transcripts and the structural analysis of pGV354::Tn5-PV derivatives in DNA from tobacco tumours, showed that T-DNA genes linked to the chimeric plant marker genes of Tn5-PV were transferred without any rearrangement into plant cells.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 179 (1980), S. 283-288 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In attempts at somatic transfer of plant genomes of reduced size, X-irradiated leaf protoplasts of parsley (Petroselinum hortense, 2n=22) were fused with cell culture protoplasts of a nuclear albino mutant of carrot (Daucus carota, 2n=18). Introduction of genes from the irradiated parsley nuclei into the carrot genome was shown by the correction of the albino defect and by the appearance of parsley isoenzymes in selected green tissues and plants. The cytological studies provided information on significant deviation from the amphidiploid chromosome number. The high frequency of cells with 2n=19, 2n=38 and regeneration of plants with 2n=19 chromosomes can indicate that the elimination of parsley chromosomes is incomplete. A correlation was found between the lethality of selected tissues and differentiated or undifferentiated stages of the cells.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Heat shock ; Plant gene transfer vector ; Drosophila hsp70 ; Tobacco ; Minimal promoter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To demonstrate the extent of evolutionary conservation in the mechanism of induction of heat shock genes between plants and animals, the minimal sequence from the Drosophila hsp70 promoter sufficient to confer heat shock inducible transcription in tobacco was determined. Segments of the hsp70 promoter were fused to a minimal promoter of the T-DNA indole-3-acetamide hydrolase (iaaH) gene, in a chimaeric gene fusion to a neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II) reporter gene. Sequences bearing one or more heat shock elements (HSEs) rendered the minimal promoter heat shock inducible, with a 37 bp fragment containing a single complete HSE sufficing. The induced NPT II mRNA peaked during the heat shock period, but the maximal level of NPT 11 activity was not observed until 4 h later in the recovery phase, showing that the translation of the NPT II mRNA was shifted from the heat shock period of the recovery phase. That similar sequences containing a single HSE of the Drosophila hsp70 promoter could function in both flies and tobacco indicates the high degree of homology between the two heat shock gene induction systems.
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