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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel scheme of laser interferometer–refractometer with high spatial and temporal resolutions (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 4353-4356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel scheme combining interferometer and refractometer for simultaneous plasma density and plasma density gradient measurements is described. The scheme employs a ribbon laser beam obtained from one-dimensional laser beam expansion by a pair of cylindrical lenses. This beam shape allows measurements at several spatial locations simultaneously. The beam deflection measurements give additional important information on the spatial distribution of plasma density gradient in the direction perpendicular to the major axis of the expanded beam. Fast pin photodiodes are used as light detectors for temporal resolution better than 1 ns. The high power (700 mW) of the argon ion laser allows 0.1° phase resolution and simultaneously 0.1 mrad refractional deflection angle resolution. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148396
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of laser beam deflection on the accuracy of interferometer measurements (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1584-1586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The laser interferometry is a frequently used diagnostics for plasma density measurements. The measurements in plasmas with no density gradients allow direct correspondence of the fringe shift and plasma density along the laser line of sight. The change of the interferometer contrast due to scene beam deflection in plasmas with density gradients reduces the fidelity of interferometer measurements due to the change in the contrast of the fringe. The analytic expression for the maximum acceptable deflection angle is derived, analyzed, and compared to the experiment. Ways to improve the accuracy of interferometer measurements are proposed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148868
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations in vacuum gap location in a microsecond plasma opening switch (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2251-2252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The process of vacuum gap formation in a microsecond plasma opening switch has been studied using a He–Ne laser interferometer. Time and spatially resolved density measurements are performed in the plasma opening switch, showing a density decrease during switch opening in almost the whole interelectrode gap. Despite fine triggering accuracy and generally good shot-to-shot reproducibility of voltage and current waveforms, measurements made with the same laser beam location indicated remarkable shot-to-shot variation. The unstable formation of the vacuum gap in the microsecond plasma opening switch may be a major limiting factor for efficient switch operation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120041
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pain in the sternocleidomastoid muscle and occlusal interferences (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 15 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The EMG of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the masticatory muscles during function has been observed in relation to opposing occlusal contacts. The purpose was to investigate the possible developmental mechanism of pain which can occur in the muscles.Six subjects with normal function and ten patients were studied. EMG activities of temporal, masseter, sternocleidomastoid (insertion) and sternocleidomastoid (middle) were recorded by surface and needle electrodes.EMG activity was recorded from the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid during activity of the masticatory muscles in tapping, clenching, and mastication. On the other hand little activity was registered from the middle of the sternocleidomastoid. The amplitude of the EMG of SCM-I increased as the occlusal force increased. During chewing the sternocleidomastoid muscle was functioning more actively on the working side than on the non-working side. On the patients, EMG activities of the muscles were of low amplitude and low frequency with no synchronization with the chewing movement, suggesting hyperactivity of the muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1988.tb00173.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rotational head motion concurrent to rhythmical mandibular opening movements (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously demonstrated the existence of a functional-rhythmical coupling between the head and the mandible using maxillary and mandibular incisal tracking points. However, that data did not provide information neither on the movement of the head as a whole nor on the location of its instantaneous centre of rotation. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine whether the head undergoes a rotational motion during mouth opening and to locate its putative instantaneous centre of rotation. The same 6 d.f. (degree of freedom) measuring device employed in our previous studies was used again to analyse data from five male adults (age range: 26–29 years old) chosen as subjects. Concomitant head and mandibular movements were assessed in the sagittal plane by allocating several reference points in the head (upper incisor, cranial base, occipital and parietal points) and a mandibular incisor point during maximal mouth open–close movements. Then, the magnitude and inclination of the vectors of motion in each reference point during the opening phase were calculated. The instantaneous centre of rotation was defined as the point showing the least amount of motion in a determined area around each head reference point. The mandibular incisal point and the maxillary incisal point showed concomitant movements; that is, during opening the mandibular point moved downwards and the maxillary incisor point upwards. Making a large jaw opening movement caused an inferior-anterior displacement in the O point, a posterior–inferior displacement of the P point, and an anterior–superior displacement in the C point in all subjects. During jaw closing all points followed a trajectory opposite to that described above. In other words, during opening the head moved clockwise and counter-clockwise during closing, at least in the sagittal plane of the subjects’ left side. These results suggest that the head undergoes a rotation-like sagittal movement during mouth opening whose rotation centre seems to be located above the cranial base point, which was set close to the centre of mass of the head. However, its location varies according to the magnitude of mouth opening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00707.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional-rhythmical coupling of head and mandibular movements (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 28 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It is known that small head movements accompany the movements of the jaw during mastication; however, it is unknown whether these movements occur rhythmically and synchronously. The objective of this study was to determine whether there exists a functional coupling between the head and mandibular movements. Four healthy male adults (mean age 25·5) with normal occlusion and without TMD history were selected as subjects. Using the Trimet system, we measured tridimensionally both the movement of the head and the mandible by tracking upper and lower incisal points, respectively, during tapping movements with different opening range and frequency, then analysed the vertical component of these movements. The upper incisal point moved in opposite direction to the mandible in all tapping strokes in all subjects, during opening the head moved in a cranial direction and during closing in a caudal direction; the incidence rate for this concomitant movement was 98%, implying that the head moves periodically and rhythmically, as the mandible does. The cycle time of these coincident movements showed a correlation coefficient of 0·94. Moreover, the vertical range of head movement was within 10% of the jaw's movement. From these results we concluded that, at least during teeth tapping, the head moves in rhythmical coordination with mandibular movement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2001.00636.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between frontal facial morphology and occlusal force in orthodontic patients with temporomandibular disorder (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between frontal craniofacial morphology and the distribution of occlusal force in orthodontic patients with and without TMD. Experimental data were obtained from 45 female orthodontic patients (TMD-free group: 22 subjects; TMD group: 23 subjects) using the pressure-sensitive sheet. The following results were obtained:
(1) There were significant differences in the gonial angle width and the mandibular deviation of the postero-anterior cephalogram between the two groups. 
(2) There were significant differences in occlusal force, occlusal contact area and average occlusal pressure between the two groups. 
(3) On the relation between the frontal craniofacial morphology and the occlusal data, the asymmetry indices of occlusal force and occlusal contact area showed significant positive correlations to the mandibular deviation and the ratios of maxillary and gonial angle widths in the TMD group. The TMD-free group showed the smaller mandibular deviation and the smaller asymmetry indices of occlusal force and occlusal contact area than those in the TMD group. 
It could be concluded that orthodontic patients with TMD may have not only the morphological disharmony but also the imbalance of occlusal force.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2000.00531.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of condylar positions at intercuspal and reference positions in patients with condylar bone change (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The purpose of this study was to investigate the condylar displacement from intercuspal position (IP) to reference position (RP), using a jaw movement measuring system with 6 d.f. and helical computed tomography (CT). The 19 patients included in the present study were divided into a group with bilateral condylar bone change (10 subjects, including the sub-groups with flattening and osteophyte formation) and a group with no condylar bone change (9 subjects). The results showed that the bone change group had significantly more superior, posterior and absolute horizontal IP to RP slides than the no bone change group. There was also a significant difference in the amount of antero-posterior and supero-inferior condylar IP–RP displacements related to the type of condylar bone change within the bone change group. The osteophyte sub-group showed the largest posterior displacement, and the flattening sub-group showed the largest superior displacement. These results suggested that this large IP–RP difference in the bone change group might be related to their temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology, and it might therefore be useful to keep this difference in mind as one of the clinical indices suggesting the presence of TMJ osteoarthritis (OA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01285.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mandibular movement and frontal craniofacial morphology in orthognathic surgery patients with mandibular deviation and protrusion (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between mandibular movement (lateral excursion and masticatory movements) and craniofacial morphology in 16 patients with mandibular deviation, using a six degrees-of-freedom measuring device. (i) Mandibular deviation was found to be significantly related to frontal maxillary and occlusal plane angles. (ii) Three-dimensional non-working condylar and incisal path lengths were longer during the lateral excursion to the non-deviated side than to the deviated side, and the incisal path moved antero-inferior. (iii) The lateral motion range of the incisal path was wider during masticatory movement on the non-deviated side than on the deviated side, and the molar and non-working condylar path lengths corresponding to the lateral range of the incisal path were also longer on the non-deviated side. The group with posterior crossbite showed a significantly smaller horizontal range of incisal path, and also significantly smaller frontal projected incisal and molar path angles during masticatory movement on the deviated side than on the non-deviated side. These results suggest that lateral excursion and masticatory movements could be related to craniofacial morphology and posterior crossbite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01040.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5-day vs. 7-day triple therapy with rabeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin for Helicobacter pylori eradication (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To determine whether a 5-day regimen with rabeprazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin (RCA) was as effective as a 7-day regimen.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:A total of 139 H. pylori-infected patients were randomized to receive either a 5-day or 7-day course of rabeprazole 10 mg b.d., clarithromycin 400 mg b.d. and amoxicillin 750 mg b.d. Eradication was assessed by CLO test, histology and 13C-urea breath test.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:On the intention-to-treat basis, eradication rates were 66% (46 out of 70) and 84% (58 out of 69) for the 5- and 7-day regimens, respectively (P 〈 0.05). Using per protocol analysis, eradication rates were 70% (46 out of 66) and 91% (58 out of 64) for the 5- and 7-day regimens, respectively (P 〈 0.01). Adverse events, which were observed in 14 patients from each group, caused discontinuation of treatment in only two patients, resulting in excellent compliance.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Our 5-day regimen of RCA yielded inferior results, whereas the 7-day regimen achieved an eradication rate exceeding 90% on the per protocol basis. Therefore, treatment regimens of less than 7 days for proton pump inhibitor–clarithromycin–amoxicillin therapies cannot be recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00892.x
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