Keywords:
Cytology.
;
Electronic books.
Description / Table of Contents:
This book summarizes current knowledge of plastid and mitochondrial genomes in all major groups of algae and land plants. Includes chapters on endosymbioses, plastid and mitochondrial mutants, gene expression profiling and methods for organelle transformation.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
Pages:
1 online resource (501 pages)
Edition:
1st ed.
ISBN:
9789400729209
Series Statement:
Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Series ; v.35
URL:
https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/geomar/detail.action?docID=971860
DDC:
571.6592
Language:
English
Note:
Intro -- Genomics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria -- From the Series Editors: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration Including Bioenergy and Related Processes -- This Book -- Authors -- Our Books: 35 Volumes -- Future Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration and Other Related Books -- Series Editors -- Contents -- Preface -- The Editors -- Contributors -- Author Index -- Chapter 1: Origins of Mitochondria and Plastids -- I. Introduction -- II. Mitochondria -- A. Genetic, Genomic and Phylogenomic Data Bearing on Mitochondrial Origins -- B. Nature of the Host -- C. How Did It Happen? -- 1. Archezoan Scenario -- 2. Symbiogenesis Scenario -- D. Evolution of the Mitochondrial Proteome -- III. Plastids -- A. Cyanobacterial Endosymbiont, Complex Eukaryotic Host -- B. Single or Multiple Origins? -- C. Primary Endosymbiosis and Genome-Proteome Mosaicism -- D. 'Recent' Cyanobacterial Endosymbioses: A Window on Plastid Evolution? -- IV. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Secondary and Tertiary Endosymbiosis and Kleptoplasty -- I. Plastid Origin -- A. Plastids Acquired via Eukaryote-Eukaryote Endosymbiosis -- B. How Is the Nuclear Genome Affected by Plastid Origin and Loss? -- 1. Secondary Endosymbiotic Gene Transfer -- 2. Alveolate Plastids -- 3. Were Ciliates Once Algae? -- 4. Stramenopile Plastids -- 5. 'Hacrobia': Cryptophyte and Haptophyte Plastids -- C. Future Directions -- II. The Evolution of Plastid Protein Topogenesis in Chromalveolates -- A. Protein Targeting to Secondary Plastids -- B. A Bottleneck to Evolve a Secondary Plastid? -- C. Co-option of Pre-existing Topogenic Signals -- D. Evolution of Secondary Plastids, an Insiders' Perspective? -- E. Convergent Evolution of Secondary Plastids -- III. Kleptoplasty of a Secondary Endosymbiont in a Metazoan System -- A. Introduction -- B. The Stability Dilemma.
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C. Alternate Mechanisms to Explain Plastid Stability -- 1. Limited HGT -- 2. Plastid Replenishment -- 3. Plastid Durability and Protection -- 4. Transient Transcript Expression and Protein Function -- 5. Dual Targeting of Cytosolic Host Proteins -- D. Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 3: Plastid Genomes of Algae -- I. Introduction -- A. Origin and Evolution of Primary Photosynthetic Algae and Their Plastids -- B. Algae with Second-Hand Plastids: Eukaryote-Eukaryote Endosymbioses -- II. Plastid Genome Organization, Genes and Functions -- A. Plastid Genome Structure -- B. Plastid-Encoded Functions, Genes and Introns -- III. Plastids Derived from Primary Endosymbiosis with Cyanobacteria -- A. Rhodophyta -- B. Glaucophyta -- C. Viridiplantae -- 1. Prasinophytes -- 2. Trebouxiophyceae -- 3. Chlorophyceae -- 4. Ulvophyceae -- 5.Charophyceae -- IV. Plastids Acquired via Eukaryote-Eukaryote Endosymbiosis -- A. Stramenopila -- 1. Diatoms -- 2. Phaeophytes -- 3. Raphidophytes -- 4. Pelagophytes -- 5. Xanthophytes -- B. Alveolata -- 1. Dinoflagellata -- 2. Apicomplexa -- C. Cercozoa (Rhizaria) -- D. Cryptomonada -- E. Haptophyta -- F. Euglenids -- V. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Plastomes of Bryophytes, Lycophytes and Ferns -- I. Introduction -- II. Techniques and Overall Plastome Organization -- A. Bryophytes -- B. Lycophytes -- C. Monilophytes (Ferns) -- III. The Inverted Repeat Boundaries -- IV. Changes in Gene and Intron Content -- V. RNA Editing -- VI. Phylogenetic Analyses -- VII. Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 5: Plastid Genomes of Seed Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. Plastid Genome Organization -- A. Overall Organization -- B. Genome Size, Gene/Intron Content, and GC Content -- C. Gene Order -- III. Plastid Inheritance -- IV. Genomic Rearrangements -- A. IR Loss or Expansion/Contraction -- B. Gene and Intron Loss.
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C. Gene Order Changes -- V. Patterns and Rates of Nucleotide Substitutions -- A. Sequence Evolution in Coding Regions Versus Intergenic Regions and Introns -- B. Rates of Sequence Evolution in Protein Coding Genes -- C. Correlation Between Rates of Nucleotide Substitutions and Genomic Rearrangements -- VI. Phylogenetic Utility of Plastome Data for Resolving Relationships Among Seed Plants -- VII. Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 6: Mitochondrial Genomes of Algae -- I. Introduction -- II. Mitochondrial Genome Structure and Gene Complement -- A. Structure of the Mitochondrial Genome -- B. Mitochondrion-Encoded Functions -- C. Gene Sets -- III. Algal mtDNAs -- A. Viridiplantae -- 1. Prasinophyta (Chlorophyta) -- 2. Chlorophyceae (Chlorophyta) -- a. CW-Chlorophyceae -- b. DO-Chlorophyceae -- 3. Trebouxiophyceae (Chlorophyta) -- 4. Ulvophyceae (Chlorophyta) -- 5. Charophyceae (Streptophyta) -- B. Glaucophyta -- C. Rhodophyta -- D. Stramenopiles -- 1. Chrysophytes -- 2. Diatoms -- 3. Phaeophytes -- 4. Raphidophytes -- E. Alveolates -- 1. Dinoflagellates -- F. Chlorarachniophytes (Cercozoa) -- G. Cryptomonads -- H. Haptophytes -- I. Euglenozoa -- 1. Euglenids -- IV. Recurring Patterns of Mitochondrial Genome Evolution -- References -- Chapter 7: Conservative and Dynamic Evolution of Mitochondrial Genomes in Early Land Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. Genome Size and Gene Content -- III. Genome Rearrangement and Gene Order -- IV. Introns -- V. RNA Editing -- VI. Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 8: Seed Plant Mitochondrial Genomes: Complexity Evolving -- I. Introduction -- II. Complete Plant Chondrome Sequences -- III. Evolving Gene Complements in Seed Plant Chondromes -- A. The Protein-Coding Gene Complement Affected by Endosymbiotic Gene Transfer -- B. The tRNA Gene Complement Affected by Loss and Replacement.
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IV. Plant Mitochondrial Intron Stasis and Dynamics -- A. Mitochondrial Intron Conservation Within Plant Clades -- B. Intron Gains and Losses Along the Backbone of Plant Phylogeny -- C. Maturases and cis -to- trans Conversions in Mitochondrial Introns -- V. Evolving Structural Complexity in Plant Chondromes -- A. Moderate Early Structural Chondrome Evolution in Bryophytes -- B. Origins of Plant Chondrome Complexity Predate Seed Plant Age -- C. Nuclear-Encoded Proteins Determine Plant Chondrome Recombination -- D. When mtDNA Recombination Matters: Mitochondrial Mutants -- E. Foreign Sequences in Plant Chondromes -- VI. Evolving RNA Editing -- VII. Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 9: Promiscuous Organellar DNA -- I. Introduction -- II. Organelle Genome Reduction -- A. Evolutionary Gene Transfer to the Nucleus -- B. Recent Gene Transfer Events -- C. Why Relocate? -- D. Why Retain an Organellar Genome? -- III. Promiscuous DNA: Ongoing Organelle DNA Transfer to the Nucleus -- A. Organelle Sequences in Nuclear Genomes -- B. Evidence of Frequent Plastid and Mitochondrial DNA Transfer to the Nucleus -- C. Evolutionary Fate of Nuclear Located Cytoplasmic Organelle DNA ( norgs) -- IV. Mechanisms of Gene Transfer to the Nucleus -- A. Relocation of Genetic Material -- B. Is There an RNA or DNA Intermediate? -- C. Integration into Nuclear Chromosomes -- V. Activation of a Newly Transferred Organelle Gene -- A. Examples of Organellar Gene Activation in the Nucleus -- B. Experimental Attempts to Detect Activation of a Chloroplast Gene After Transfer to the Nucleus -- VI. Plastid DNA in Higher Plant Mitochondria -- VII. Perspective -- References -- Chapter 10: Horizontal Gene Transfer in Eukaryotes: Fungi-to-Plant and Plant-to-Plant Transfers of Organellar DNA -- I. Introduction -- II. Detecting and Evaluating Cases of Horizontal Gene Transfer.
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A. Bioinformatic Approaches for Detecting HGT -- B. Phylogenetic Approaches for Detecting HGT -- C. Footprints and Signatures of HGT -- III. DNA Transfers Among Bacteria or Fungi and Plants -- IV. Plant-to-Plant DNA Transfers -- V. Transposable Elements -- VI. Problematic, Controversial, and Erroneous Reports of HGT Involving Plants -- VII. Mechanisms of Plant-to-Plant HGT -- VIII. Perspective -- References -- Chapter 11: Plastome Mutants of Higher Plants -- I. Introduction -- II. A Brief Survey of Plastid Genetics -- A. Transmission of Plastids -- B. Sorting-Out and Variegation -- C. Identification of Plastome Mutants by Means of Classic Genetics -- D. Competition of Plastids with Genetically Different Plastome Types -- E. Sexual Recombination of Different Plastome Types -- F. Plastid Restitution -- III. Sources of Plastome Mutants -- A. Spontaneous Occurrence -- B. Spontaneously Induced Large Deletions of ptDNA in Cereal Tissue Culture -- C. Nuclear Plastome Mutator Alleles Causing Multiple Plastid Mutations -- D. Nuclear Mutator Alleles Secondarily Affecting the Plastid -- E. Induction of Plastome Mutations by Chemicals -- F. Effects of Radiation on ptDNA -- IV. Maintenance of Plastome Mutants -- A. Recovery of Homoplasmic Plastome Mutants -- B. Propagation of Variegated Plants -- V. Identification of Plastome Mutants -- VI. Types of Plastome Mutants -- A. Mutants with Impaired Plastid Gene Function -- B. Plastome Mutants Impaired in Plastid Gene Regulation -- C. Plastome Mutants Exhibiting Resistance to Antibiotics -- D. Herbicide Resistance Induced by Amino-Acid Substitutions in psbA -- VII. Plastome Mutants of Oenothera -- VIII. Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 12: Plant Mitochondrial Mutations -- I. Introduction -- II. Mitochondrial Rearrangements and Mutations -- III. Cytoplasmic Male Sterility.
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A. Naturally Occurring Male-Sterile Cytoplasm.
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