Note: Intro -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- I: PHOTOISOMERIZATION AND PHOTO-ORIENTATION OF AZOBENZENES -- 1 Photoisomerization of Benzenes -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Azo Group -- 1.3 Azoaromatics of the Azobenzene Type -- 1.4 Azoaromatics of the Aminoazobenzene Type -- 1.5 Azoaromatics of the Pseudo-Stilbene Type -- 1.6 The Isomerization Mechanism -- 1.7 Concluding Remarks -- 2 Ultrafast Dyamics in the Excited States of Azo Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Experimental Section -- 2.3 Results and Discussion -- 3 Photo-Orientation by Photoisomerization -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Photoisomerization of Azobenzenes -- 3.3 Photo-Orientation by Photoisomerization -- 3.4 Photo-Orientation of Azobenzenes: Individualizable Isomers -- 3.5 Photo-Orientation of Azo Dyes: Spectrally Overlapping Isomers -- 3.6 Photo-Orientation of Photochromic Spiropyrans and Diarylethenes -- 3.7 Conclusion -- APPENDIX 3A: Quantum Yields Determination -- APPENDIX 3B: Demonstration of Equations 3.12 through 3.15 -- II: PHOTOISOMERIZATIQN IN ORGANIC THIN FILMS -- 4 Photoisomerization and Photo-Orientation of Azo Dye in Films of Polymer: Molecular Interaction, Free Volume, and Polymer Structural Effects -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.4 Polymer Structural Effects on Photo-Orientation -- 4.5 Pressure Effects on Photoisomerization and Photo-Orientation -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 5 Chiral Polymers with Photoaffected Phase Behavior for Optical Data Storage -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.3 Photoinduced Birefringence in Photochromic IsoSm* Copolymers -- 5.4 Holographic Grating Recording -- 5.5 Photoinduced Alignment of Low Molar Mass Liquid Crystals -- 5.6 Photoaffected Phase Behavior and the LCPT Photorecording -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 6 Photoisomerization in Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn Structures -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Other Dyes Used in Photoactive LBK Films. , 6.3 UV-Vis Spectroscopy as an Analytical Tool for the Investigation of Azobenzene LBK Film Structure -- 6.4 Examples of the Influence of Structure on Photoisomerization -- 6.5 Examples of the Manipulation of LBK Film Structure by Photoisomerization -- 6.6 Examples of LBK Films with a Structure Tailored for the Desired Application -- 6.7 Summary -- 7 Electronic and Optical Transduction of Photoisomerization Processes at Molecular- and Bimoleculan-Functionalized Surfaces -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Electronically Transduced Photochemical Switching of Organic Monolayers and Thin Films -- 7.3 Electronically Transduced Photochemical Switching of Enzyme Monolayers -- 7.5 Recognition Phenomena at Surfaces Using Photoisomerizable Guest or Host Components -- 7.6 Interlocked Compounds as Mechanical Components at Photoisomerizable Interfaces -- 7.7 Conclusions -- III: PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND ORGANIC NONLINEAR OPTICS -- 8 Photoisomerization Effects in Organic Nonlinear Optics: Photo-Assisted Poling and Depoling and Polarizability Switching -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Photo-Assisted Poling -- 8.3 Photo-Induced Depoling -- 8.4 Polarizability Switching by Photoisomerization -- 8.5 Conclusion -- APPENDIX 8A: From Molecular to Macroscopic Nonlinear Optical Properties -- 9 Photoisomerization in Polymer Films in the Presence of Electrostatic and Optical Fields -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Photoisomerization and Nonlinear Polarizability -- 9.3 Alignment of Isomers in Polymers with Electric Fields -- 9.4 Second Harmonic In-situ Investigation of Photoisomerization -- 9.5 Conclusion -- 10 Photoassisted Poling and Photoswitching of NLO Properties of Spiropyrans and Other Photochromic Molecules in Polymers and Crystals -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Molecular Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Polarizabilities of Photochromic Molecules. , 10.3 Photoassisted Poling of Photochromes Other Than Azo Derivatives in Polymers -- 10.4 Photoswitching of NLO Properties in Organized Systems and Materials -- 10.5 Conclusion -- 11 All Optical Poling in Polymers and Applications -- 11.1 Standard Poling Techniques -- 11.2 All Optical Poling -- 12 Photoinduced Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Azo-Dye Polymers -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2. Third Harmonic Generation -- 12.3 Electric Field Induced Second Harmonic Generation -- 12.4 Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing -- 12.5 Prospective and Conclusions -- IV: OPTICAL MANIPULATION AND MEMORY -- 13 Photoinduced Motions in Azobenzene-Based Polymers -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Photoinduced Motions -- 13.3 Possible Photonic Devices -- 13.4 Conclusions -- 14 Surface-Relief Gratings on Azobenzene-Containing Films -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Processes of SRG Formation -- 14.3 Theoretical Models -- 14.4 Factors Influencing the Formation of SRGs -- 14.5 Open Questions and Challenges for the Near Future -- 14.6 Possible Applications -- 14.7 Final Remarks -- 15 Dynamic Photocontrols of Molecular Organization and Motion of Materials by Two-Dimensionally Arranged Azobenzene Assemblies -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Photocontrol of Liquid Motion by Azobenzene Monolayers -- 15.3 Photocontrol of Polymer Chain Organizations -- 15.4 Photoinduced Motions and Mass Migrations -- 15.5 Concluding Remarks -- 16 3D Data Storage and Near-Field Recording -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.2 Bit-Oriented 3D Memory -- 16.3 Photochromic Materials for 3D Optical Memory -- 16.4 Recording and Readout Optics -- 16.5 Near-Field Recording -- 16.6 Concluding Remarks -- 17 Synthesis and Applications of Amorphous Diarylethenes -- 17.1 Quasi-Stable Amorphous Diarylethenes -- 17.2 Thermally Stable Amorphous Diarylethenes -- 17.3 Optical Properties of Amorphous Diarylethenes. , 17.4 Charge Transport in Amorphous Diarylethene Films -- 17.5 Summary -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.

Note: Front Cover -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: Self-Assembled Monolayers -- Chapter 1. Self-Assembled Monolayers: A Versatile Tool for Biofunctionalization of Surfaces -- Chapter 2. Gemini SAMs -- Chapter 3. Physical Chemistry of Nonfouling Oligo (Ethylene Oxide)-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers -- Chapter 4. Electrochemically Designed Self-Assembled Monolayers for the Selective Immobilization and Release of Ligands, Proteins, and Cells -- Chapter 5. OM-CVD on Patterned SAMs -- Part II: Brushes, Dendrimers, Networks -- Chapter 6. Modification of Glass Surfaces by Phosphorus Dendrimer Layers for Biosensors -- Chapter 7. Biofunctional Dendrons Grafted on a Surface -- Chapter 8. Surface-Attached Polymeric Hydrogel Films -- Chapter 9. Evanescent Wave Biosensors with a Hydrogel Binding Matrix -- Chapter 10. Surface Modification of High-Strength Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels for Biomedical Device Applications -- Chapter 11. Ultrasensitive Biosensing with Polymer Brushes -- Part III: Peptides, Proteins -- Chapter 12. Noncovalent Immobilization of Proteins to Surfaces -- Chapter 13. Recent Progress on Site-Selective Covalent Methods for Generating Protein Biochips -- Chapter 14. S-Layer Proteins -- Chapter 15. Peptide Nanotube Coatings for Bioapplications -- Part IV: Sugars -- Chapter 16. Heparan Sulfate Surfaces to Probe the Functions of the Master Regulator of the Extracellular Space -- Chapter 17. Heparanated Surfaces -- Part V: Lipid Bilayer Membranes -- Chapter 18. Biomimetic Systems: The Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membrane -- Chapter 19. Cell-Free Synthesis of Complex Membrane Proteins -- Chapter 20. Integrin-Functionalized Artificial Membranes as Test Platforms for Monitoring Small Integrin Ligand Binding by Surface Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence Spectroscopy. , Chapter 21. Supported Lipid Bilayer Formation Using Self-Spreading Phenomena -- Chapter 22. Electrically Addressable, Biologically Relevant Surface-Supported Bilayers -- Chapter 23. Micropatterned Model Biological Membraneson a Solid Surface -- Part VI: Cells on Biofunctional Surfaces -- Chapter 24. Matrix Mysteries and Stem Cells -- Chapter 25. Mechanical Cues for Cell Culture -- Chapter 26. In vitro Neuronal Cell Guidance by Protein Micro- and Nanocontact Printing -- Chapter 27. Hemocompatible Surfaces for Blood-Contacting Applications -- Part VII: Applications -- Chapter 28. Nanopatterning of Biomolecules by Dip-Pen Nanolithography -- Chapter 29. Application of Biofunctional Surfaces in Medical Diagnostics -- Chapter 30. Nanopatterning for Bioapplications -- Chapter 31. Glucose Biosensors: Transduction Methods, Redox Materials, and Biointerfaces -- Color Insert.

Note: Intro -- Odorant Binding and Chemosensory Proteins -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Genome mining and sequence analysis of chemosensory soluble proteins in arthropods -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Identification and visualization of OBP genes in genome assemblies -- 2.1. Identifying structural annotations -- 2.1.1. Procedure -- 2.1.1.1. Notes -- 2.2. Visualization of OBP genes using the Apollo genome editor -- 2.2.1. Procedure -- 2.2.1.1. Notes -- 3. Predicting the characteristic biochemical properties of soluble proteins -- 3.1. Characteristic motives of insect soluble proteins -- 3.1.1. Procedure -- 3.1.1.1. Notes -- 4. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Two: Reconstructing protein-coding sequences from ancient DNA -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Assembling protein-coding sequences from paleogenomic data -- 2.1. Obtaining paleogenomic data -- 2.2. Assembling meaningful sequence information from ancient DNA short read data -- 3. Assembling a Denisovan gene sequence based on a human homolog -- 3.1. Equipment -- 4. Protocol -- 5. Analyses of the data obtained -- 6. Related techniques -- 7. Troubleshooting and optimization -- 8. Summary -- References -- Chapter Three: Bioinformatic, genomic and evolutionary analysis of genes: A case study in dipteran CSPs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Analysis in silico of genomes -- 2.1. Preparation of templates (sequences) for bioinformatic analysis -- 2.2. Phylogenetic analysis -- 2.3. Expressed sequence tags (EST) analysis -- 3. Troubleshoots -- 4. Jargon of bioinformatics and evolutionary analysis -- 5. Results and interpretation in an evolutionary context -- 5.1. Number of genes -- 5.2. Common ancestral gene structure and intron gain -- 5.3. Presence of pseudogenes and retroposons, the signs of high gene duplication rates. , 5.4. Variations of the lengths of exons and introns -- 5.5. Phylogenetic distribution -- 5.6. EST-cDNA tissue expression: Species similarities and functional significance -- 6. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Four: Proteomics of arthropod soluble olfactory proteins -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Extraction of olfactory proteins from arthropod tissues -- 2.1. Material, equipment and reagents for the extraction of proteins from the biological tissues -- 2.2. Protocol for the extraction of proteins from the biological tissues -- 3. In-solution enzymatic digestion of protein extracts -- 3.1. Material, equipment, and reagents for in-solution digestion -- 3.2. Protocol for in-solution digestion -- 4. Sample purification -- 4.1. Material, equipment, and reagents for STAGE purification and sample concentration -- 4.2. Protocol for STAGE purification and sample concentration -- 5. Nano-HPLC-nano-ESI-HRMS and MS/MS analysis -- 5.1. Material, equipment and reagents -- 5.2. Protocol for nano-HPLC-HRMS and MS/MS analyses -- 6. Protein identification -- 6.1. Main parameters for mass spectral data search -- 7. Precursor techniques -- 8. Safety considerations and standards -- 9. Analysis and statistics -- 10. Related techniques -- 11. Pros and cons in shotgun proteomics applied to olfactory proteins -- 12. Alternative methods and procedures -- 13. Troubleshooting and optimization -- 14. Summary -- References -- Chapter Five: Analysis of post-translational modifications in soluble proteins involved in chemical communication from ma ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Assignment of disulfide bridges in OBPs, PBPs and CSPs -- 3. Assignment of additional PTMs in OBPs -- 4. Protocols -- 4.1. Protein purification -- 4.2. Protein alkylation with iodoacetamide under different experimental conditions -- 4.3. Mass spectrometric analysis of intact proteins. , 4.4. Protein digestion -- 4.5. Peptide separation -- 4.6. Mass spectrometric analysis of isolated peptides -- 4.7. Peptide treatment with PNGase F -- 4.8. Peptide treatment with dithiothreitol -- 4.9. Edman degradation of isolated peptides -- 4.10. nanoRP-HPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis of protein digests -- 4.11. Bioinformatic analysis of mass spectrometric data -- 5. Summary -- References -- Chapter Six: Bacterial expression and purification of vertebrate odorant-binding proteins -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Expression of vertebrate OBPs in bacteria -- 2.1. Equipment -- 2.2. E. coli strain and plasmid -- 2.3. Buffers and reagents -- 2.4. Protocol -- 2.4.1. Transformation of M15 [pREP4] competent cells -- 2.4.2. Growth phase -- 2.4.3. Induction phase -- 2.5. Notes -- 3. Purification of OBP using immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) -- 3.1. Equipment -- 3.2. Chemicals -- 3.3. Buffers -- 3.4. Protocol -- 3.4.1. Cell lysis -- 3.4.2. OBP purification using IMAC -- 4. Purification of OBP via size-exclusion chromatography -- 4.1. Equipment -- 4.2. Buffer -- 4.3. Protocol -- 5. OBP characterization -- 5.1. Circular dichroism analysis -- 5.1.1. Equipment -- 5.1.2. Chemicals -- 5.1.3. Protocol -- 5.2. Isothermal titration calorimetry -- 5.2.1. Equipment -- 5.2.2. Chemicals -- 5.2.3. Protocol -- 5.2.3.1. Select concentration of reactants -- 5.2.3.2. Prepare samples -- 5.2.3.3. Load solutions -- 5.2.3.4. Set instrument settings and start measurements -- 5.2.3.5. Clean the ITC -- 5.2.3.6. Analysis of the data -- 5.3. Fluorescent binding assay -- 5.3.1. Equipment -- 5.3.2. Chemicals -- 5.3.3. Protocol -- 6. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Seven: Structure of odorant binding proteins and chemosensory proteins determined by X-ray crystallography -- 1. Introduction. , 2. Crystallographic issues relevant to OBPs and CSPs structural studies -- 2.1. Crystallization of proteins and proteins-ligand complexes -- 2.2. Structure determination -- 2.2.1. Data collection -- 2.2.2. Phasing and model building -- 3. Protocols -- 3.1. Crystallization and structure determination the apo-PBP from the cockroach Leucophaea maderae (LmaPBP) (Lartigue, Gr ... -- 3.1.1. Crystallization -- 3.1.2. Structure determination -- 3.2. Crystallization and structure determination of Apis melifera PBP1 (Amel-ASP1) apo-protein (Lartigue et al., 2004) -- 3.2.1. Crystallization -- 3.2.2. Crystal optimization -- 3.2.3. Structure determination -- 3.3. Crystallization and structure determination of Mamestra brassicae CSP (CSP-MbraA6) in complex with bromo-dodecanol ( ... -- 3.3.1. Co-crystallization of CSPMbraA6 with BrC12OH -- 3.3.2. Structure determination -- 3.4. Crystallization and structure determination the OBP3 from the giant Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca (AimelOBP3) (Zhu et ... -- 3.4.1. Crystallization of AimelOBP3 -- 3.4.2. Structure determination -- 4. Structure analysis -- 5. Related techniques -- 6. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Eight: Solution structure of insect CSP and OBPs by NMR -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Structural studies on CSPs -- 2.1. Recombinant production and purification of CSPs and OBPs -- 2.2. NMR spectroscopy -- 3. Materials, equipment and reagents -- 4. Protocols -- 4.1. Production and purification of N-labeled CSP-sg4 -- 4.2. NMR data recording -- 4.3. Data analysis -- 4.4. Assignment procedure -- 5. Additional information deriving from the chemical shift assignment -- 5.1. Secondary structure and dihedral angles prediction -- 5.2. Amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange and calculation of the temperature coefficients -- 5.3. Chemical shift perturbation -- 6. Structure calculation and analysis. , 6.1. Structure quality assessment -- 7. Summary -- References -- Chapter Nine: Stability of OBPs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methods for studying protein stability -- 2.1. Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy -- 2.2. Fluorescence spectroscopy -- 2.3. Circular dichroism -- 3. General considerations when studying protein stability -- 3.1. Equilibrium conditions and the issue of reversibility -- 3.2. Choice of parameter for constructing the denaturation curve -- 3.2.1. Single wavelength -- 3.2.2. Position of the spectral maximum -- 3.2.3. Ratio at two wavelengths -- 4. Stability of OBPs -- 4.1. Vertebrate OBPs -- 4.1.1. Porcine OBP -- 4.1.2. Bovine OBPs -- 4.2. Insect OBPs -- 5. Analysis of denaturation data -- 5.1. Chemical denaturation -- 5.2. Temperature induced denaturation -- 6. Ligand binding and protein stability -- 6.1. Shift of stability of OBPs upon binding of odorants -- 6.2. Choosing the right ligand concentration -- 6.3. Analysis of denaturation in presence of ligands -- 7. Protocols for measuring protein stability -- 7.1. Measuring denaturation curves based on tryptophan fluorescence -- 7.2. Measuring denaturation curves based on far UV circular dichroism -- 7.3. Measuring denaturation curves based on infrared spectroscopy -- 7.4. Measurements in the presence of ligands -- 7.5. Related techniques -- 7.6. Pros and cons -- 7.7. Alternative methods/procedures -- 7.8. Troubleshooting and Optimization -- 7.9. Summary -- References -- Chapter Ten: Ligand-binding assays with OBPs and CSPs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Different approaches to measure ligand-binding -- 2.1. Methods perturbing the equilibrium -- 2.2. Methods working at the equilibrium -- 3. Fluorescence binding assay -- 3.1. Principles of measurement -- 3.2. Types of measurement -- 4. Binding of fluorescent probes to OBPs and CSPs -- 4.1. Equipment -- 4.2. Reagents. , 4.3. Protocol.

Note: Polymer Membranes/ Biomembranes -- Contents -- Membranes from Polymerizable Lipids -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Supported Poly(Lipid) Membranes -- 2.1 Hybrid Bilayer Membranes -- 2.2 Supported Lipid Bilayers -- 2.3 Patterned Poly(Lipid) Films -- 3 Polymerized Black Lipid Membranes -- 4 Poly(Lipid) Vesicles -- 4.1 New Types of Reactive Lipids and Polymerized Vesicles for Molecular Storage and Delivery -- 4.2 Vesicles Stabilized by Formation of Nonlipid Polymer Networks -- 5 Functionalization and Applications of Poly(Lipid) Films -- 5.1 Poly(Lipid) Bilayers Functionalized with Labels and Biomolecules -- 5.2 Incorporation of Transmembrane Proteins -- 5.3 Separations Media Based on Polymerized Lipids -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Polymer Stabilized Lipid Membranes: Langmuir Monolayers -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Lipopolymer Langmuir Monolayers -- 2.1 Structural Properties -- 2.2 Viscoelastic Properties of Lipopolymers in Langmuir Monolayers -- 2.3 Diffusion Properties of Lipopolymers in Langmuir Monolayers -- 3 Lipopolymer--Phospholipid Monolayer -- 3.1 Structural Properties -- 3.2 Viscoelastic Properties of Lipid--Lipopolymer Mixtures -- 3.3 Diffusion Properties of Lipid--Lipopolymer Mixtures -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Polymer-Tethered Bimolecular Lipid Membranes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assembling Polymer: Cushioned Membranes -- 2.1 Sequential Build-Up of Polymer-Membrane Architectures -- 2.2 Lipo-Polymer Layers as Support for Tethered Membranes -- 2.3 Lipo-Glycopolymers as Building Blocks for Tethered Membrane Architectures -- 3 Important Basic Properties of Tethered Membranes: The Swelling of the Cushion and the Lateral Mobility of the Lipids -- 3.1 Swelling and Drying of the Polymer Tethers -- 3.2 Lateral Mobility of Lipids in a Tethered Bilayer Membrane -- 4 Polyelectrolyte Multilayers as Supports for Tethered Membranes. , 5 Plasma-Polymer Layers as Cushions for Lipid Membrane Architectures -- 6 Hydrogels as Tethers and as Mimics of the Mucosa -- 7 Conclusions -- References -- Biomimetic Block Copolymer Membranes -- 1 General Aspects of Block Copolymer Membrane Formation -- 2 Computer Modeling and Simulations -- 3 Vesicle Morphology -- 4 Chemical Composition and Architecture of Vesicle-Forming Block Copolymers -- 5 Membrane Properties -- 5.1 Polymer Membrane Thickness -- 5.2 Mechanical Properties of Polymer Vesicles -- 5.3 Adhesion of Polymer Vesicles -- 5.4 Fusion and Fission of Polymer Vesicles -- 6 Experimental Methods for Preparation of Vesicles -- 6.1 Solvent Free Preparation Methods (Film Rehydration, Electroformation) -- 6.2 Solvent Displacement Techniques -- 7 Characterization Methods -- 7.1 Scattering Methods -- 7.2 Microscopy -- 8 Interactions of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers with Biological Membranes -- 9 Vesicles Reacting to Environmental Stimuli -- 10 Potential Applications of Polymer Membranes -- 10.1 Therapeutic Applications -- 10.2 Active Targeting of Polymersomes -- 10.3 Nanoreactors -- 11 Planar Polymer Membranes -- References -- Biohybrid and Peptide-Based Polymer Vesicles -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Vesicle Formation -- 2.1 Packing Parameter and Interfacial Curvature -- 2.1.1 Linear Block Copolymers -- 2.1.2 Graft Block Copolymers -- 2.1.3 Homopolymer Amphiphiles -- 2.2 Hydrogen Bonding and Secondary Structure Interactions -- 2.2.1 Hybrid Block Copolymers -- 2.2.2 Block Copolypeptides -- 2.3 Supramolecular Complexation -- 3 Applications -- 3.1 Life Science -- 3.1.1 Drug and Gene Carriers -- 3.1.2 Cell Surface Recognition -- 3.1.3 Bioreactors -- 3.2 Composite Materials -- 4 Summary -- References -- Comparison of Simulations of Lipid Membranes with Membranes of Block Copolymers -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Liposomes and Polymersomes. , 1.2 Modeling Lipid and Polymer Vesicles: General Considerations -- 2 Component-Specific Modeling of Liposomes and Polymersomes -- 2.1 Atomistic Modeling and Systematic Coarse-Graining -- 2.2 Dissipative Particle Dynamics models -- 3 Generic Vesicle Simulations -- 3.1 Universality vs Specificity in Dissipative Particle Dynamics Models -- 3.2 Solvent-Free Models -- 3.3 Bridging Between Particle-Based and Field-Theoretic Models -- 4 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Index.

Note: Intro -- Functional Polymer Films -- Contents of Volume -- Preface -- List of Contributors -- Part I Preparation -- 1 A Perspective and Introduction to Organic and Polymer Ultrathin Films: Deposition, Nanostructuring, Biological Function, and Surface Analytical Methods -- 2 Multifunctional Layer-by-Layer Architectures for Biological Applications -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 LbL Polyelectrolyte Multilayer (PEM) Formation -- 2.1.2 LbL Nomenclature -- 2.2 Drug Delivery and LbL -- 2.2.1 Trends in Drug Release from Planar LbL Films -- 2.2.1.1 Progress in Degradable LbL Films toward Drug Delivery -- 2.2.1.2 Micelle Encased Drugs in LbL Films -- 2.2.2 Trends in Direct Drug Delivery Using Nanoparticles -- 2.2.2.1 LbL Coated Drug Particles -- 2.2.2.2 Multifunctioning Nanocarriers for Localized Drug Delivery and Tracking Abilities -- 2.3 Interaction of Cells with LbL Films: Adhesion, Proliferation, Stimulation, and Differentiation -- 2.3.1 Cell Interactions with Pure PEM Films -- 2.3.2 Importance of Mechanical Properties -- 2.3.3 Importance of Surface Topology -- 2.3.4 Introduction of Chemical Functionality into LbL Film -- 2.3.4.1 Adsorption of Adhesive Proteins on Multilayers toward Assisted Cell Adhesion -- 2.3.4.2 Covalent Modification of Polyelectrolyte Films -- 2.3.5 Implantable Materials -- 2.3.6 Cell Stimulation from LbL Films -- 2.3.6.1 LbL Films and Chemical Stimulation -- 2.3.6.2 LbL Films and Electrical Stimulation -- 2.3.7 Patterned LbL Films for Cell Templating -- 2.3.7.1 Two-Dimensional Patterns -- 2.3.7.2 Three-Dimensional Scaffolds -- 2.4 Plasmid DNA (pDNA)-Based Gene Therapy and LbL Films -- 2.4.1 LbL Films and Plasmid DNA (pDNA) for Gene Therapy -- 2.4.1.1 Nonviral Surface-Based Transfection -- 2.4.1.2 Multiple Plasmid Delivery from LbL Films -- 2.4.1.3 Current Progress in Transfection and LbL-Coated Nanoparticles. , 2.4.1.4 siRNA and LbL Assembly on Planar Surfaces and Nanoparticles toward Gene Therapy -- 2.5 Exotic Applications of LbL Inspired by Biology -- 2.5.1 Digitally Encoded Cell Carriers -- 2.5.2 ''Artificial Cells'' via LbL Assembly -- Abbreviations -- Substances and materials -- Methods and concepts -- References -- 3 The Layer-by-Layer Assemblies of Polyelectrolytes and Nanomaterials as Films and Particle Coatings -- 3.1 Layer-by-Layer (LbL) Self-Assembly Technique -- 3.2 The Properties of Polyelectrolytes -- 3.3 Adsorption of Polyelectrolytes -- 3.4 Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Formation on Flat Surfaces -- 3.4.1 Mechanism -- 3.4.2 Structure of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers -- 3.4.3 Controlling Factors -- 3.4.4 Adsorption Kinetics -- 3.5 Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Formation on Colloidal Particles -- 3.5.1 Formation of Core-Shell Particles -- 3.5.2 Production of Hollow Capsules -- 3.6 Applications of Layer-by-Layer Films and Particles -- 3.7 Advincula Group Research on Layer-by-Layer Films and Particle Coatings -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Langmuir-Blodgett-Kuhn Multilayer Assemblies: Past, Present, and Future of the LB Technology -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Historical Background -- 4.3 Basic Procedures and Characterization Methods -- 4.4 Types of Materials Used in Producing LB Films -- 4.5 Trends in Research Activity on LB Films -- 4.6 Highlights of Research in LB Films -- 4.6.1 Molecular-Recognition Processes -- 4.6.1.1 Modeling Cell Membranes -- 4.6.2 Sensing and Biosensing -- 4.6.3 Signal Processing and Data Storage -- 4.6.3.1 Optical Data Storage -- 4.6.3.2 Surface-Relief Gratings (SRGs) -- 4.6.3.3 Photo- and Electroluminescent Devices -- 4.7 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Self-Assembled Monolayers: the Development of Functional Nanoscale Films -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Historical Background for Monolayer Films. , 5.3 Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) Fundamentals -- 5.3.1 Substrates -- 5.3.2 Headgroups -- 5.3.3 Spacers -- 5.3.4 Tailgroups -- 5.4 SAM Phenomena -- 5.4.1 Oriented Arrays -- 5.4.2 Wettability -- 5.4.3 Frictional Properties -- 5.5 Manipulation of Adsorbate Structure -- 5.5.1 Cross-Linking of Adsorbates -- 5.5.1.1 Between Headgroups -- 5.5.1.2 Between Spacers -- 5.5.1.3 Between Tailgroups -- 5.5.2 Multidentate Adsorbates -- 5.5.2.1 Advantages of Multidentate Adsorbates -- 5.5.2.2 Multidentate Adsorbate Structures -- 5.5.2.3 Multidentate Adsorbates on Nanoparticles -- 5.5.3 Fluorinated Adsorbates -- 5.5.3.1 Impact of Fluorinated Segments on SAM Characteristics -- 5.5.3.2 Developing Applications -- 5.5.4 Mixed Adsorbates -- 5.5.4.1 Background for Mixed-Adsorbate Surfaces -- 5.5.4.2 New Concepts for Mixed-Adsorbate Systems -- 5.5.5 Aromatic Adsorbates -- 5.5.5.1 Impact of Aromatic Moieties on SAM Structure -- 5.5.5.2 Toward Nanoscale Electronics -- 5.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 6 Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Twenty Years After -- 6.1 Introduction - Scope of the Review -- 6.2 Definitions -- 6.3 How to Make Polyelectrolyte Brushes? -- 6.4 Simple Observations and Theoretical Concepts -- 6.4.1 The Osmotic Regime -- 6.4.2 Experiments on Planar Osmotic Brushes -- 6.4.3 Beside the Osmotic Regime -- 6.4.4 The Spherical Geometry -- 6.4.5 Annealed Chains -- 6.5 Beyond Simplicity -- 6.5.1 Monomer Profile -- 6.5.2 Counterion Distribution -- 6.5.3 Counterion Condensation -- 6.5.4 Brush Extension -- 6.5.5 Salt Contraction -- 6.5.6 Electrostatic Collapse -- 6.6 Toward the Application of Polyelectrolyte Brushes -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Preparation of Polymer Brushes Using ''Grafting-From'' Techniques -- 7.1 Introduction to Polymer Brushes and Their Formation -- 7.2 Methods for Synthesis of Polymer Brushes. , 7.2.1 Surface-Initiated Free-Radical Polymerization -- 7.2.2 Surface-Initiated Cationic Polymerizations -- 7.2.3 Surface-Initiated Anionic Polymerizations -- 7.2.4 Surface-Initiated Ring-Opening Polymerization -- 7.2.5 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP) -- 7.2.6 Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization -- 7.3 Surface-Initiated ATRP -- 7.3.1 Synthesis of Homopolymers -- 7.3.2 Synthesis of Block-Copolymers -- 7.3.3 Variation of Brush Density -- 7.3.4 Surface-Initiated ATRP from Nonplanar Supports, Including Membranes -- 7.4 Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 8 Ultrathin Functional Polymer Films Using Plasma-Assisted Deposition -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Choice of Precursors -- 8.3 Polymerization Mechanisms and Chemical Structure -- 8.4 Types of Functional Films -- 8.5 Properties of Ultrathin Functional Plasma Polymers -- 8.6 Summary -- References -- 9 Preparation of Polymer Thin Films by Physical Vapor Deposition -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Overview of PVD of Polymers -- 9.2.1 PVD of Organic Molecules -- 9.2.2 Vapor Deposition of Polymers -- 9.2.3 Ionization-Assisted Vapor Deposition -- 9.2.4 Other Vacuum-Based Deposition Methods -- 9.3 Direct Evaporation of Polymers -- 9.3.1 Direct Evaporation of Polyethylene -- 9.3.2 Vapor Deposition of Polytetrafluoroethylene -- 9.4 Stepwise Polymerization by Coevaporation of Bifunctional Monomers -- 9.4.1 Vapor-Deposition Polymerization of Polyimide -- 9.4.2 Vapor-Deposition Polymerization of Polyurea -- 9.4.3 Other Polymers by Coevaporation Method -- 9.5 Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Monomers -- 9.5.1 Radical Polymerization of Fluorinated Alkyl Acrylate Polymer -- 9.5.2 Radical Polymerization of Semiconducting Polymers and Their OLED Application -- 9.5.3 Application to Patterning -- 9.6 Surface-Initiated Vapor-Deposition Polymerization. , 9.6.1 Surface-Initiated Vapor-Deposition Polymerization of Polypeptide -- 9.6.2 Interface Control by Surface-Initiated Vapor-Deposition Polymerization -- 9.7 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Electro-Optical Applications of Conjugated Polymer Thin Films -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Properties of Organic Semiconductors and Conjugated Polymers -- 10.2.1 Introduction to Charge Transport -- 10.2.2 Parameters of Charge Transport -- 10.2.3 Improving Charge Transport -- 10.2.4 Optical Properties of Conjugated Polymers -- 10.3 Synthetic Methods -- 10.3.1 Electrochemical Synthesis -- 10.3.2 Cross-Coupling -- 10.3.3 Regioregularity -- 10.3.4 External and Surface-Initiated Chain-Growth Polymerization of CPs -- 10.3.5 Other Methods of Conjugated Polymer Synthesis -- 10.4 Characterization Methods -- 10.4.1 X-Ray Diffraction -- 10.4.2 AFM -- 10.4.3 KFM -- 10.5 Device Fabrication -- 10.5.1 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes -- 10.5.2 Organic Photovoltaics -- 10.5.3 Organic Thin-Film Transistors -- 10.5.4 Sensors -- 10.5.5 Organic Electrochromics -- 10.6 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11 Ultrathin Films of Conjugated Polymer Networks: A Precursor Polymer Approach Toward Electro-Optical Devices, Sensors, and Nanopatterning -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Materials and Examples -- 11.2.1 Polyfluorene Precursor Polymers -- 11.2.2 Polymethylsiloxane Precursor Polythiophenes and Polypyrroles -- 11.2.3 PMMA, PVK, and a Substituted Polyacetylene Polymer Backbone -- 11.2.3.1 Substituted Polyacetylenes with Cross-Linked Carbazole Units -- 11.2.4 Electrodeposition of Polycarbazole Precursors on Electrode Surfaces and Devices -- 11.2.5 Dendrimer Precursor Materials -- 11.2.6 Micropatterning Strategies -- 11.2.7 Electronanopatterning of Precursor Polymers -- 11.2.8 Nanostructured Layers of Precursor Polymers -- 11.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Part II Patterning. , 12 Nanopatterning and Functionality of Block-Copolymer Thin Films.

Note: Intro -- front-matter -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- 1 -- Organic Bioelectronic Transistors: From Fundamental Investigation of Bio-Interfaces to Highly Performing Biosensors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Organic Thin Film Transistors as highly performing bioelectronic sensors -- 2.1 OTFT operating principles -- 2.2 OTFT analytical biosensors with different configurations -- 2.3 Impact of biological recognition on TFT performance features -- 3. Integration of recognition elements -- 3.1 Strategies for recognition elements immobilization -- 3.1.1 Physical Immobilization -- 3.1.2 Covalent Immobilization -- 3.1.3 Bioaffinity Immobilization -- 3.2 Bulk and Surface Equilibrium Constants of Ligand-Receptor -- 4. OTFT devices with a biolayer between the gate dielectric and the organic semiconductor -- 4.1 Interfacial electronic effects in functional bio-layers integrated into OTFT -- 4.2 Structural and morphological characterization of functional biointelayers -- 4.3 FBI-OTFT based biosensing platforms -- 4.4 Organic bioelectronics probing conformational changes in surface confined proteins -- Conclusions -- References -- 2 -- Biosensing with Electrolyte Gated Organic Field Effect Transistors -- 1. Introduction -- 2. EGOFETs as sensors for life sciences -- 2.1 Target analytes and biorecognition elements employed to date in EGOFET biosensors -- 2.2 Why EGOFET as biosensors? -- 2.3 Recognition element immobilization in EGOFETs biosensors -- 3. EGOFET biosensors with functionalized OS/electrolyte interface -- 3.1 Immobilization of biorecognition element using OSCs with substituted main conjugated backbone -- 3.2 Interfacial modification of the OSC surface -- 3.3 Direct physisorption of biorecognition elements on bare OSC -- 4. EGOFET biosensors with functionalized gate/electrolyte interface -- 5. EGOFET biosensors based on competitive binding. , Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- 3 -- The Organic Charge-Modulated Field-Effect Transistor: a Flexible Platform for Application in Biomedical Analyses -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Organic Charge-Modulated Field-Effect Transistor: device structure and working principle -- 3. OCMFET as sensor for biomedical applications -- 3.1 DNA sensing -- 3.2 Cellular electrical and pH sensing -- Conclusions -- References -- 4 -- Graphene Based Field Effect Transistors for Biosensing: Importance of Surface Modification -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 From MOSFET to bioFET -- 1.2 From bioFET to GFET for sensing -- 2. Preparation of graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene and its transfer to surfaces for the formation of GFETs -- 3. Different graphene based transistor structures -- 4. Integration of surface ligands onto GFET for selective sensing -- 4.1 Non-covalent modification of graphene -- 4.2 Covalent modification of graphene -- 5. Applications of GFETs for sensing of biomolecules -- 5.1 DNA sensors -- 5.2 Protein sensors -- 5.3 Other molecules -- 5.4 Cells and bacteria -- Conclusion and Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5 -- Graphene as an Organic and Bioelectronic Material -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bioelectronic devices based on graphene -- 2.1 Graphene transistors -- 2.2 Graphene microelectrodes -- 3. Graphene devices for healthcare -- 3.1 GFET biosensing -- 3.2 GFET electrophysiology -- 3.3 GMEA electrophysiology -- 4. Towards flexible bioelectronics -- 5. Conclusions and outlook -- References -- 6 -- Graphene based Materials for Bioelectronics and Healthcare -- 1. Graphene based materials -- 2. Syntheses of graphene based materials -- 3. Surface (bio)functionalization of GBMs -- 4. System integration of GBMs -- 5. Biosensor platforms of GBMs -- 6. Biosensor platforms of GBMs: Applications in healthcare. , 7. Challenges and opportunities -- References -- 7 -- Inkjet Printing for Biosensors and Bioelectronics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biosensor -- 3. Bioelectronic Interfaces: -- Summary -- References -- 8 -- Rapid Point-of-Care-Tests for Stroke Monitoring -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Stroke prognosis: what is missing? -- 1.2 Time is Brain: need for rapid solutions -- 1.3 Rapid Point-of-Care-Tests -- 2. POCTs Expedite Stroke Prognosis -- 2.1 Mobile Stroke Unit -- 2.2 Imaging POCTS -- 2.2.1 CereTom® (Samsung/Neurologica) & -- SOMATOM Scope (Siemens) -- 2.2.2 Vivid q® (GE Healthcare) -- 2.3 Electrochemical POCTs Assays -- 2.3.1 CoaguChek® (Roche) -- 2.3.2 SMARTChip (Sarissa Biomedical) -- 2.3.3 i-STAT® (Abbott) -- 2.3.4 PocH-100iTM (Sysmex) -- 2.4 Optical POCTs Assays -- 2.4.1 Hemochron® (ITC/Accriva Diagnostics) -- 2.4.2 Reflotron® plus analyzer (Roche) -- 2.4.3 Cobas® h 232 (Roche) -- 2.4.4 Triage® BNP Test (Alere) -- 2.4.4 Cornell University -- 2.4.5 VerifyNow® (Accumetrics/Accriva Diagnostics) -- 2.5 Other POCTs -- 2.5.4 PFA-100® (Dade/Siemens) -- 2.5.2 Prediction Sciences LLC -- 2.5.3 ReST™ (Valtari BioTM Inc.) -- 3. Future Stroke POCTs -- Acknowledgments -- References -- back-matter -- Conclusions and Outlook -- Keyword Index -- About the Editors.

Note: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Chapter 1 The Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Nano-Onions -- Chapter 2 The Functionalization of Graphene and its Assembled Macrostructures -- Chapter 3 Devices Based on Graphene and Graphane -- Chapter 4 Large-Area Graphene and Carbon Nanosheets for Organic Electronics: Synthesis and Growth Mechanism -- Chapter 5 Functionalization of Silica Nanoparticles for Corrosion Prevention of Underlying Metal -- Chapter 6 New Nanoscale Material: Graphene Quantum Dots -- Chapter 7 Recent Progress of Iridium(III) Red Phosphors for Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes -- Chapter 8 Four-Wave Mixing and Carrier Nonlinearities in Graphene-Silicon Photonic Crystal Cavities -- Chapter 9 Polymer Photonic Devices -- Chapter 10 Low Dielectric Contrast Photonic Crystals -- Chapter 11 Microring Resonator Arrays for Sensing Applications -- Chapter 12 Polymers, Nanomaterials, and Organic Photovoltaic Devices -- Chapter 13 Next-Generation GaAs Photovoltaics -- Chapter 14 Nanocrystals, Layer-by-Layer Assembly, and Photovoltaic Devices -- Chapter 15 Nanostructured Conductors for Flexible Electronics -- Chapter 16 Graphene, Nanotube, and Nanowire-Based Electronics -- Chapter 17 Nanoelectronics Based on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes -- Chapter 18 Monolithic Graphene-Graphite Integrated Electronics -- Chapter 19 Thin-Film Transistors Based on Transition Metal Dichalcogenides -- Index -- EULA.