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  • 1
    Type of Medium: Book
    Series Statement: ICES council meeting papers 1988(13)
    Language: Undetermined
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 45 (1996), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Notarztdiagnosen ; Notarztdienst ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Key words Quality management ; Emergency medicine ; Out-of-hospital diagnosis ; Emergency physician
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Methods and aim of the study. The on-scene performance during all missions of the emergency physician-operated rescue helicopter and mobile intensive care unit based at a large-city hospital over a period of 1 year was retrospectively analysed; 2,254 hospital discharge reports were available (92% of the patients treated by the emergency physicians [n=2,493]). The following parameters were investigated: reliability of the primary diagnosis established by the emergency physician (by comparison with the discharge diagnoses); initial on-scene therapeutic measures; means of transportation (with or without accompanying emergency physician); and level of care of the target hospital. Results. The most common reasons for a mission were cardiopulmonary diseases (55%), neurological disorders (18%), and traumatic events (7%). The diagnoses, therapeutic measures, and mode of transportation were correct in 2,033 (90%) patients with a discharge report. Severe errors of assessment by the emergency physician were identified in 73 patients (3%): life-threatening conditions were not recognised and/or grossly incorrect therapeutic measures were taken and/or the chosen means of transportation was unsuitable. Relative errors in assessment occurred in 4% (n=83): the most crucial diagnosis was not made, but the patient was escorted by the emergency physician (without therapeutic errors) to a suitable hospital. In 3% (n=65) of the cases, the patient's condition was overestimated by the emergency physician as suggested by the obviously exaggerated on-scene therapy. Underestimations of the severity were most common in patients with cardiopulmonary diseases and increased in frequency and severity with increasing age and the presence of a concomitant neurologic deficit. Underestimations of a severe condition in younger patients were extremely rare; overestimations of the severity and consequent overtreatment were particularly common in traumatised patients independent of age. Conclusions. In the context of quality management measures, a careful evaluation of on-scene diagnoses, therapeutic measures, and decisions made by the emergency physician is a suitable procedure for identifying systematic errors. A high percentage of correct diagnoses and therapy at the emergency site can only be ensured by clinically experienced physicians who constantly deal with patients with acutely life-threatening conditions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel unserer Untersuchung im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements war, die Zuverlässigkeit von Notarztdiagnosen, die Qualität der primären Behandlung, der Entscheidung über den Transportmodus (mit oder ohne Notarztbegleitung) und das Zielkrankenhaus zu analysieren. Hierzu wurden sämtliche Alarmierungen in einem Notarztstützpunkt (Notarztwagen und Rettungshubschrauber) anhand von 2254 Krankenhausberichten retrospektiv ausgewertet. Schwerpunkte der Tätigkeit waren kardiopulmonale Erkrankungen mit 55% der Einsätze, neurologische Krankheitsbilder mit 18% und Traumata mit 7%. Bei 2033 Patienten (90%) waren Diagnosen, Maßnahmen, Transportmodus und Transportziel korrekt. Bei 73 Patienten (3%) erlag der Notarzt gravierenden Irrtümern: es wurden lebensbedrohliche Störungen nicht richtig erkannt und/oder unangemessene therapeutische Konsequenzen gezogen und/oder das falsche Transportmittel gewählt. Bei 4% der Patienten (n=83) lagen geringere Irrtümer vor, d.h. die Hauptdiagnose wurde nicht gestellt, der Patient aber in Notarztbegleitung in ein geeignetes Krankenhaus gebracht. Bei 3% (n=65) der Patienten wurden offensichtlich übertriebene Therapiemaßnahmen angewandt. Die meisten Probleme hatte der Notarzt bei der Beurteilung kardiopulmonaler Erkrankungen, wobei das Ausmaß der Irrtümer mit zunehmendem Alter zunahm und vor allem Patienten neurologischen Defizit betraf. Überschätzungen der Erkrankungsschwere mit konsekutiver Überbehandlung betrafen besonders häufig traumatisierte Patienten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Überprüfung von Diagnosen, Maßnahmen und Entscheidungen in der notärztlichen Tätigkeit geeignet sind, im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements systematisch Fehlerquellen aufzudecken. Ein hoher Stand richtiger Diagnosen und Maßnahmen an der Notfallstelle erfordert den Einsatz erfahrener Notärzte, die mit der Behandlung akut lebensbedrohlicher Erkrankungsbilder laufend befaßt sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 482-489 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gallbladder emptying ; exocrine pancreatic function ; cholecystokinin ; pancreatic polypeptide ; chronic pancreatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gallbladder dynamics, cholecystokinin (CCK), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) release were studied in 14 patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) (2 females, 12 males; age range 24–56 years) and 12 control subjects (4 females, 8 males, 21–50 years). On day 1, gallbladder contractility was investigated after ceruletide intravenous infusion (2.5 ng/kg/min for 10 min). On day 2, a mixed standard test meal (1450 kJ) was administered orally. Gallbladder volume was assessed at three time intervals before (−30, −15, 0 min) and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min after stimulation by means of ultrasonography. CCK and PP plasma levels were determined at each time interval.Exocrine pancreatic function was assessed using the pancreolauryl serum test (PLT). Six patients with CP had severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) (PLT〈1.8 μg/ml) with steatorrhea, eight patients had mild-moderate EPI. Fasting gallbladder volume was increased in CP (32.3±3.1 cm3) as compared to controls (20.5±1.2 cm3) (P〈0.01). Peak gallbladder contraction (percent of initial volume) in CP ranged from 5 to 55% (controls: 8–46%) following ceruletide and from 17 to 86% (controls: 27–80%) following the test meal (NS). There was no correlation between the degree of EPI according to PLT and peak gallbladder contraction. Gallbladder emptying in CP patients was not different from controls, although the postprandial CCK response was significantly impaired (P〈0.01). Postprandial PP response in CP was correlated with the PLT result (r=0.78;P〈0.01) but not with gallbladder emptying or refilling time. We conclude that gallbladder emptying and refilling following the oral administration of a test meal or the stimulation with a pharmacological dose of ceruletide is normal in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Postprandial gallbladder emptying is not influenced by the degree of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 42 (1997), S. 720-723 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: BAROSTAT ; NONULCER DYSPEPSIA ; VISCERAL HYPERSENSITIVITY ; H. PYLORI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Visceral hypersensitivity is claimed to beinvolved in the pathogenesis of nonulcer dyspepsia(NUD). We evaluated whether gastric hypersensitivity isa consistent finding in an unselected group of NUDpatients. In 11 patients and 20 healthy controls, astandardized gastric distension was performed using agastric barostat. Perception was scored by aquestionnaire and compared between the two groups. Therewas a linear pressure/volume relationship duringgastric distension in both groups. The pain threshold inNUD patients was significantly lower compared tocontrols [5.5 ± 4.0 mm Hg above minimaldistending pressure (mdp) and 10.2 ± 2.2 mm Hg above mdp,respectively, P 〈 0.004], irrespective of the H.pylori status. However, more than 50% of the NUDperception scores were in the control range at mostdistension levels. Gastric hypersensitivity could be confirmed inNUD patients as a group. However, there is aconsiderable overlap concerning perception in responseto distension between unselected NUD patients andcontrols.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Notfall + Rettungsmedizin 0 (1997), S. 12-19 
    ISSN: 1436-0578
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hierzu wurden sämtliche Alarmierungen in einem Notarztstützpunkt (Notarztwagen und Rettungshubschrauber) anhand von 2254 Krankenhausberichten retrospektiv ausgewertet. Schwerpunkte der Tätigkeit waren kardiopulmonale Erkrankungen mit 55% der Einsätze, neurologische Krankheitsbilder mit 18% und Traumata mit 7%. Bei 2033 Patienten (90%) waren Diagnosen, Maßnahmen, Transportmodus und Transportziel korrekt. Bei 73 Patienten (3 %) erlag der Notarzt gravierenden Irrtümern: Es wurden lebensbedrohliche Störungen nicht richtig erkannt und/oder unangemessene therapeutische Konsequenzen gezogen und/oder das falsche Transportmittel gewählt. Bei 4 % der Patienten (n=83) lagen geringere Irrtümer vor, d.h. die Hauptdiagnose wurde nicht gestellt, der Patient aber in Notarztbegleitung in ein geeignetes Krankenhaus gebracht. Bei 3% (n=65) der Patienten wurden offensichtlich übertriebene Therapiemaßnahmen angewandt. Die meisten Probleme hatte der Notarzt bei der Beurteilung kardiopulmonaler Erkrankungen, wobei das Ausmaß der Irrtümer mit zunehmendem Alter zunahm und vor allem Patienten mit neurologischen Defiziten betraf. Überschätzungen der Erkrankungsschwere mit konsekutiver Überbehandlung betrafen besonders häufig traumatisierte Patienten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Überprüfung von Diagnosen, Maßnahmen und Entscheidungen in der notärztlichen Tätigkeit geeignet sind, im Rahmen des Qualitätsmanagements systematisch Fehlerquellen aufzudecken. Ein hoher Stand richtiger Diagnosen und Maßnahmen an der Notfallstelle erfordert den Einsatz erfahrener Notärzte, die mit der Behandlung akut lebensbedrohlicher Erkrankungsbilder laufend befaßt sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: In marine recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) ozone is often used in combination with biofiltration for the improvement of process water quality. Especially for disinfection purposes ozone residuals are required, that lead to a fast formation of secondary oxidants in seawater, summed up as ozone-produced oxidants (OPO). We studied the impact of OPO on nitrifying biofilter bacteria in a series of laboratory batch experiments by exposing (i) cell suspensions of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas marina strain 22 and the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) Nitrospira strain Ecomares 2.1, (ii) a pure culture of the NOB Nitrospira strain immobilized on biocarriers, as well as (iii) a heterogeneous biofilm culture settled on biocarriers from a marine RAS for 1 h to different OPO concentrations up to 0.6 mg/l chlorine equivalent. Subsequent activity tests detected a negative linear correlation between OPO concentration and nitrifying activity of suspended pure cultures. Immobilization on biocarriers increased the tolerance of AOB and NOB dramatically, suggesting the biofilm matrix to be highly protective against OPO. Furthermore, we investigated the chronic effect of moderate ozonation at OPO concentrations of 0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mg/l chlorine equivalent on biofilter performance in a 21 d exposure experiment using 12 experimental RAS, stocked with tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Chronic exposure experiments could not reveal any harmful impact on biofilter performance for OPO concentrations up to 0.15 mg/l, even at continuous exposure. Surprisingly, nitrifying activity was enhanced at all OPO concentrations compared to the control without ozonation, suggesting moderate ozonation to promote biological nitrification. It can be concluded that rather health, welfare and performance of most cultivated fish species are the limiting factors for ozone dosage than nitrification performance of biofilters. The results may further have practical implications in relation to design and operational strategy of water treatment processes in RAS and might thus contribute to the optimization of an effective and safe treatment combination of biofiltration and ozonation
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2016-09-10
    Description: Non-proliferating cells oxidize respiratory substrates in mitochondria to generate a protonmotive force (Δp) that drives ATP synthesis. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), a component of Δp, drives release of mitochondrial ATP4− in exchange for cytosolic ADP3− via the electrogenic adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) located in the mitochondrial inner membrane, which leads to a high cytosolic ATP/ADP ratio up to 〉100-fold greater than matrix ATP/ADP. In rat hepatocytes, ANT inhibitors, bongkrekic acid (BA), and carboxyatractyloside (CAT), and the F1FO-ATP synthase inhibitor, oligomycin (OLIG), inhibited ureagenesis-induced respiration. However, in several cancer cell lines, OLIG but not BA and CAT inhibited respiration. In hepatocytes, respiratory inhibition did not collapse ΔΨ until OLIG, BA, or CAT was added. Similarly, in cancer cells OLIG and 2-deoxyglucose, a glycolytic inhibitor, depolarized mitochondria after respiratory inhibition, which showed that mitochondrial hydrolysis of glycolytic ATP maintained ΔΨ in the absence of respiration in all cell types studied. However in cancer cells, BA, CAT, and knockdown of the major ANT isoforms, ANT2 and ANT3, did not collapse ΔΨ after respiratory inhibition. These findings indicated that ANT did mediate mitochondrial ATP/ADP exchange in cancer cells. We propose that suppression of ANT contributes to low cytosolic ATP/ADP, activation of glycolysis, and a Warburg metabolic phenotype in proliferating cells.
    Print ISSN: 0021-9258
    Electronic ISSN: 1083-351X
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
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