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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamic economic analysis of marine pollution prevention technologies: An application to double hulls and electronic charts (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 4 (1994), S. 555-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Schlagwort(e): Marine pollution ; oil spills ; shipping ; dynamic optimization
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Marine pollution associated with shipping accidents has resulted in a Congressional mandate for double hulls on tankers in U.S. waters. In this paper, we formulate a social planner's problem using optimal control theory to examine the relative cost-effectiveness of double hulls and alternative pollution prevention technologies, and the optimal installation strategy for such technologies. The model encompasses the costs and benefits associated with shipping operations, damage to the marine environment, and investment in each technology. A computer simulation of the model is used to evaluate investment strategies for two technological options: double hulls and electronic chart systems. Results indicate that electronic charts may be a far more cost-effective approach to marine pollution control.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00693046
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 2
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    The effect of off-bottom versus on-bottom oyster culture on total and pathogenic Vibrio spp. abundances in oyster tissue, water and sediment samples (2022)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-01-04
    Beschreibung: Varying culture methods are commonly used for eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, aquaculture in the Northeast United States. Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, two human pathogenic bacteria species, accumulate in this edible, filter feeding shellfish. This study examined the use of two methods in an intertidal area (oysters cultured in trays and in bags on sediment) and two methods in a subtidal area (oysters cultured in trays and loose on the sediment) in Massachusetts over the growing season in 2015. Abundance of total V. vulnificus along with total and pathogenic (tdh+/trh+) V. parahaemolyticus were determined in oysters, sediment and water using real-time PCR. Temperature, salinity, turbidity and chlorophyll were continually measured every 15 min at each location. There were significantly higher abundances of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in on-bottom cultured oysters, while significantly higher abundances of V. vulnificus were identified in oysters from off-bottom culture in a subtidal location in Duxbury Bay, MA. In an intertidal location, Wellfleet Bay, MA, significantly higher abundances of total and tdh+ V. parahaemolyticus were found in off-bottom oysters, but significantly higher abundances of V. vulnificus and trh+ V. parahaemolyticus were found in on-bottom oysters. Spearman's correlation indicated that temperature is positively associated with concentrations of Vibrio spp. in oysters, water and sediment, but positive correlations between salinity and Vibrio spp. was also observed. Conversely, turbidity had a negative effect on Vibrio spp. concentrations in all sample types. There was no observed relationship inferred between chlorophyll and Vibrio spp. abundances in oysters, water or sediment.
    Materialart: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Supply-side approaches to the economic valuation of coastal and marine habitat in the Red Sea (2015)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of King Saud University - Science 25 (2013): 217–228, doi:10.1016/j.jksus.2013.02.006.
    Beschreibung: The degradation of natural fish habitat in the ocean implies lost economic benefits. These value losses often are not measured or anticipated fully, and therefore they are mainly ignored in decisions to develop the coast for industrial or residential purposes. In such circumstances, the ocean habitat and its associated ecosystem are treated as if they are worthless. Measures of actual or potential economic values generated by fisheries in commercial markets can be used to assess a conservative (lower-bound) value of ocean habitat. With this information, one can begin to compare the values of coastal developments to the values of foregone ocean habitat in order to help understand whether development would be justified economically. In this paper, we focus on the economic value associated with the harvesting of commercial fish stocks as a relevant case for the Saudi Arabian portion of the Red Sea. We describe first the conceptual basis behind supply-side approaches to economic valuation. Next we review the literature on the use of these methods for valuing ocean habitat. We provide an example based on recent research assessing the bioeconomic status of the traditional fisheries of the Red Sea in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We estimate the economic value of ecosystem services provided by the KSA Red Sea coral reefs, finding that annual per-unit values supporting the traditional fisheries only are on the order of $7000/km2. Finally, we develop some recommendations for refining future applications of these methods to the Red Sea environment and for further research.
    Beschreibung: This research is based on work supported by Award Nos. USA 00002 and KSA 00011 made by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
    Schlagwort(e): Ecosystem service ; Supply-side valuation ; Traditional fishery ; Red Sea ; Coral reef ; Bio-economics
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Determinants of the severity of cruise vessel accidents (2008)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Elsevier B.V., 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 13 (2008): 86-94, doi:10.1016/j.trd.2007.12.001.
    Beschreibung: This study investigates determinants of the property damage and injury severities of cruise vessel accidents. Detailed data of individual cruise vessel accidents for the 11-year time period 1991-2001 that were investigated by the U.S. Coast Guard were used to estimate cruise-vessel accident property damage and injury severity equations. The estimation results suggest that cruise vessel damage cost per vessel gross ton is greater for: allision, collision, equipment-failure, explosion, fire, flooding, and grounding cruise vessel accidents than for other types of accidents and a human cause. The accident injury severity is greater for ocean cruise than for inland waterway and harbor/dinner cruise vessel accidents and a human cause. The unit damage cost of $207 for explosion accidents is greater than that for other types of accidents. If the accident is caused by a human factor, the probability of non-fatal and fatal injuries increases by 0.0877 and 0.0077, respectively.
    Schlagwort(e): Cruise vessels ; Vessel accidents ; Property damage ; Injury
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Linking the oceans to public health : current efforts and future directions (2008)
    BioMed Central
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: © 2008 Author et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License The definitive version was published in Environmental Health 7 (2008): S6, doi:10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S6.
    Beschreibung: We review the major linkages between the oceans and public health, focusing on exposures and potential health effects due to anthropogenic and natural factors including: harmful algal blooms, microbes, and chemical pollutants in the oceans; consumption of seafood; and flooding events. We summarize briefly the current state of knowledge about public health effects and their economic consequences; and we discuss priorities for future research. We find that: • There are numerous connections between the oceans, human activities, and human health that result in both positive and negative exposures and health effects (risks and benefits); and the study of these connections comprises a new interdisciplinary area, "oceans and human health." • The state of present knowledge about the linkages between oceans and public health varies. Some risks, such as the acute health effects caused by toxins associated with shellfish poisoning and red tide, are relatively well understood. Other risks, such as those posed by chronic exposure to many anthropogenic chemicals, pathogens, and naturally occurring toxins in coastal waters, are less well quantified. Even where there is a good understanding of the mechanism for health effects, good epidemiological data are often lacking. Solid data on economic and social consequences of these linkages are also lacking in most cases. • The design of management measures to address these risks must take into account the complexities of human response to warnings and other guidance, and the economic tradeoffs among different risks and benefits. Future research in oceans and human health to address public health risks associated with marine pathogens and toxins, and with marine dimensions of global change, should include epidemiological, behavioral, and economic components to ensure that resulting management measures incorporate effective economic and risk/benefit tradeoffs.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided in part by the NSF-NIEHS Oceans Centers at Woods Hole, University of Hawaii, University of Miami, and University of Washington, and the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative Centers of Excellent in Charleston, Seattle and Milwaukee, the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the WHOI Marine Policy Center. Grant numbers are: NIEHS P50 ES012742 and NSF OCE-043072 (HLKP, RJG, PH); NSF OCE 0432368 and NIEHS P50 ES12736 (LEF); NIEHS P50 ES012762 and NSF OCE-0434087 (EMF, AT, LRY); NSF OCE04-32479 and NIEHS P50 ES012740 (BAW)
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Ocean acidification’s potential to alter global marine ecosystem services (2010)
    Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 22 no. 4 (2009): 172-181.
    Beschreibung: Ocean acidification lowers the oceanic saturation states of carbonate minerals and decreases the calcification rates of some marine organisms that provide a range of ecosystem services such as wild fishery and aquaculture harvests, coastal protection, tourism, cultural identity, and ecosystem support. Damage to marine ecosystem services by ocean acidification is likely to disproportionately affect developing nations and coastal regions, which often rely more heavily on a variety of marine-related economic and cultural activities. Losses of calcifying organisms or changes in marine food webs could significantly alter global marine harvests, which provided 110 million metric tons of food for humans and were valued at US$160 billion in 2006. Some of the countries most dependent on seafood for dietary protein include developing island nations with few agricultural alternatives. Aquaculture, especially of mollusks, may meet some of the future protein demand of economically developing, growing populations, but ocean acidification may complicate aquaculture of some species. By 2050, both population increases and changes in carbonate mineral saturation state will be greatest in low-latitude regions, multiplying the stresses on tropical marine ecosystems and societies. Identifying costeffective adaptive strategies to mitigate the costs associated with ocean acidification requires development of transferable management strategies that can be tailored to meet the specific needs of regional human and marine communities.
    Beschreibung: S. Doney and S. Cooley were supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF ATM-0628582). H. Kite- Powell’s participation in this work was supported in part by the WHOI Marine Policy Center.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Estimating the economic benefits of regional ocean observing systems (2005)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: We develop a methodology to estimate the potential economic benefits from new investments in regional coastal ocean observing systems in US waters, and apply this methodology to generate preliminary estimates of such benefits. The approach focuses on potential economic benefits from coastal ocean observing information within ten geographic regions encompassing all coastal waters of the United States, and within a wide range of industrial and recreational activities including recreational fishing and boating, beach recreation, maritime transportation, search and rescue operations, spill response, marine hazards prediction, offshore energy, power generation, and commercial fishing. Our findings suggest that annual benefits to users from the deployment of ocean observing systems are likely to run in the multiple $100s of millions of dollars per year. The project results should be considered first-order estimates that are subject to considerable refinement as the parameters of regional observing systems are better defined, and as our understanding of user sectors improves.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Grant No. N00014-02-1-1037.
    Schlagwort(e): Ocean observing system ; Economic benefits ; Coastal ocean
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: 1981846 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Economic considerations in the design of ocean observing systems (2009)
    Oceanography Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © Oceanography Society, 2009. This article is posted here by permission of Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 22 no. 2 (2009): 44-49.
    Beschreibung: Recent work on the potential economic value of improved coastal ocean observing capabilities suggests that aggregate values of better ocean observing system information for all US waters could be in the hundreds of millions of dollars per year. This aggregate value derives from specific information delivered to particular user groups in particular regions; the scale of benefits depends on the economic importance of the user sectors and on their ability to make use of better information about local and regional marine conditions. As we continue to refine these estimates of economic value, information on benefits is becoming sufficiently specific to be useful in the observing system design process. This paper describes a National Oceanographic Partnership Program study on the economics of ocean observing system information, presents a framework for incorporating economic information into observing system design, and sketches the beginning of an application of this process to the northeast region of the United States.
    Beschreibung: This work was supported by NOPP, NOAA’s Integrated Ocean Observing System Program, and the Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    A broad-scale profile of the marine advanced technology industry (2014)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Within the maritime sector of the United States economy, in which many industries are largely moribund (shipbuilding), flagging (international shipping), or often in disarray (fisheries), electronic marine instrumentation stands out as a field showing outstanding growth performance and potential. Marine instrumentation may well be an area of international competition in which United States companies can achieve sustained growth. While U.S. companies have been playing a dominant role in this market in the past, virtually no systematic study has been devoted to the sources or durability of their competitive advantage, or to the steps that might be taken to promote their future competitiveness. A Marine Policy Center project funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Massachusetts Centers of Excellence Corporation (MCEC) is now beginning to provide some of this information. The Marine Policy Center project is attempting to describe and analyze the industry structure and competitive position of U.S. marine electronics companies. The first cut at a definition of the marine advanced technology industry detailed in this technical report represents part of the background research for this project. Complementary studies by researchers at Florida State University and Hawaii's Oceanic Institute will project areas of future market potential for marine electronic instrumentation. By building on and refining the industry profile presented in this technical report,the NOAA/MCEC project will provide greater insight into the important features of the "high technology" sector of the U.S. marine industry, and into the factors that determine its competitive position in the American and international markets. The resulting understanding of the industry will enable industry and government to make better informed policy decisions to nurture the continuing viability and competitiveness of U.S. marine electronics firms in the years to come.
    Beschreibung: Funding was provided by the Massachusetts Centers of Excellence Corporation and the Marine Policy Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Schlagwort(e): Marine engineering ; High technology industries
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Technical Report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Thermodynamic feasibility of shipboard conversion of marine plastics to blue diesel for self-powered ocean cleanup (2021)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-26
    Beschreibung: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Belden, E. R., Kazantzis, N. K., Reddy, C. M., Kite-Powell, H., Timko, M. T., Italiani, E., & Herschbach, D. R. Thermodynamic feasibility of shipboard conversion of marine plastics to blue diesel for self-powered ocean cleanup. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(46),(2021): e2107250118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2107250118.
    Beschreibung: Collecting and removing ocean plastics can mitigate their environmental impacts; however, ocean cleanup will be a complex and energy-intensive operation that has not been fully evaluated. This work examines the thermodynamic feasibility and subsequent implications of hydrothermally converting this waste into a fuel to enable self-powered cleanup. A comprehensive probabilistic exergy analysis demonstrates that hydrothermal liquefaction has potential to generate sufficient energy to power both the process and the ship performing the cleanup. Self-powered cleanup reduces the number of roundtrips to port of a waste-laden ship, eliminating the need for fossil fuel use for most plastic concentrations. Several cleanup scenarios are modeled for the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP), corresponding to 230 t to 11,500 t of plastic removed yearly; the range corresponds to uncertainty in the surface concentration of plastics in the GPGP. Estimated cleanup times depends mainly on the number of booms that can be deployed in the GPGP without sacrificing collection efficiency. Self-powered cleanup may be a viable approach for removal of plastics from the ocean, and gaps in our understanding of GPGP characteristics should be addressed to reduce uncertainty.
    Beschreibung: The US NSF supported this work as part of its 2026 Idea Machine initiative (Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems, EArly-concept Grants for Exploratory Research Award #2032621). E.R.B.’s contribution was funded, in part, by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. 2038257.
    Schlagwort(e): Ocean plastic ; Hydrothermal liquefaction ; Exergy analysis ; Monte Carlo simulation
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
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