Note: Intro -- Foreword I -- Foreword II -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Editors and Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Regional Climate Change Signals -- Land-Surface Feedback and Impacts of Land-Use Change to Indian Monsoon Rainfall -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Summer Monsoon Rainfall in India -- 3 Impact of Land-Surface Feedback in ISMR -- 4 Precipitation Recycling: Evapotranspiration-Precipitation Feedback -- 4.1 Precipitation Recycling: A Definition -- 4.2 Common Assumptions -- 4.3 Model Description: Dynamic Recycling Model (DRM) -- 4.4 Precipitation Recycling and Subcontinental Evapotranspiration -- 4.5 Precipitation Recycling and Monsoon Withdrawal -- 5 Impact of Land Use-Land Cover (LULC) Change on Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Aerosol Influences on Cloud Modification and Rainfall Suppression in the South Asian Monsoon Region -- 1 The Role of Local and Regional Processes in South Asian Monsoon Change -- 2 Observational Datasets and Analysis Methodology -- 3 Opposing Effects of Aerosols on Cloud Properties in Contrasting Monsoon Years -- 4 Short-Term Precipitation Suppression by Aerosols -- 4.1 Development and Validation of Cause-Effect Model -- 4.2 Implications On Monsoon Break Spells -- 5 Strategic Knowledge, Future Perspective, and Policy Implications -- References -- Future Hydrologic Scenarios in India Under Climate Change -- 1 Background: Hydrological Cycle and Climate Change -- 2 Projected Regional Changes in Hydrological Cycle Over the Indian Subcontinent -- 2.1 Climatic and Hydrological Projections -- 2.2 Sources of Uncertainty in Climate Projections -- 3 Impacts of Changes in Hydrological Cycle -- 3.1 Impacts on Water Availability and Security -- 3.2 Impacts on Socio-economic Factors and Livelihood Under Hydro-climatic Extremes -- 3.3 Impacts on Agriculture and Food Security. , 3.4 Impacts on Health -- 4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Links Between Global Climate Teleconnections and Indian Monsoon Rainfall -- 1 Background -- 2 Methodology -- 3 Database -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Multiscale Decomposition and Correlation Analysis -- 4.2 TDIC Analysis of AISMR and Climate Oscillations -- 5 Future Prospects -- 6 Conclusions -- References -- Urbanisation and Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity (SUHII) -- 1 Urbanization -- 2 Urban Climate and UHI Development -- 3 UHI of Global Cities -- 4 UHI of Indian Cities -- 5 Diurnal and Seasonal SUHI of Major Indian Cities -- 6 Summary -- References -- Future Heat Wave Projections and Impacts -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Understanding Extreme Temperature and Heat Waves -- 2.1 Definition of Heat Waves -- 2.2 Physical Drivers for Heat Waves -- 3 Relevance of Heat Waves as Climatic Hazard -- 4 Heat Waves in the Context of India -- 4.1 Surface Temperature Trend Over India -- 4.2 The Role of Atmospheric Circulation and Heat Wave Characteristics in India -- 5 Impacts of Heat Waves in India -- 6 Future Projections of Heat Waves in India -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Decadal Estimates of Surface Mass Balance for Glaciers in Chandra Basin, Western Himalayas, India-A Geodetic Approach -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Study Area and Datasets Used -- 3 Methodology -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 5 Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- An Experimental Approach Toward Modeling Atmosphere and Ocean Mixing Processes -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Forced Plumes and Gravity Currents: A Brief Overview -- 3 Problem Statement -- 4 Methods -- 4.1 Experimental Modeling -- 4.2 Experiments on Forced Plume -- 4.3 Experiments on Gravity Current -- 4.4 Imaging Technique -- 5 Results and Discussion -- 5.1 Dynamics of a Forced Plume -- 5.2 Dynamics of Gravity Currents -- 6 Summary -- References. , Nearshore Sediment Transport in a Changing Climate -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Coastal Geomorphology and Nearshore Sediment Transport -- 2 Study Area -- 3 Data and Methodology -- 3.1 Wave Data -- 3.2 Methodology -- 4 Nearshore Sediment Transport in a Changing Climate -- 4.1 Wave Climate -- 4.2 Sediment Transport Due to Swells and Wind Seas -- 4.3 Shoreline Changes in Interrupted and Uninterrupted Beaches -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- National and Sub-national Responses to Climate Change -- A Comprehensive Social Vulnerability Analysis at a National Scale -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Vulnerability Assessment to Natural Hazards -- 1.2 Measuring Vulnerability -- 2 Review of National-Level Social Vulnerability Analyses -- 3 Need of Social Vulnerability Analysis for India -- 4 Social Vulnerability Mapping for India -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Review of Indian Low Carbon Scenarios -- 1 Energy and Emissions in Indian Context -- 2 Existing Low Carbon Scenarios -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Models -- 3.2 Energy Demand -- 3.3 Baseline and Low Carbon Scenarios -- 3.4 Trends in Energy and Electricity Mix -- 3.5 Trends in Emissions and Costs of Mitigation -- 4 Implications for Future Policy Modeling in Indian Context -- 5 Summary and Discussion -- Appendix A: Catalogue of Studies with Low Carbon Scenarios for India -- Appendix B: Mitigation Drivers (Measures Deployed Are Marked with x) -- References -- Greenhouse Gas Emissions in India's Road Transport Sector -- 1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from the Transport Sector of India -- 1.3 Travel and Energy Demand for Transport Sector of India -- 2 Approach Toward Estimating GHG Emissions from Transport Sector -- 2.1 Emission Estimation Methodology -- 2.2 Emission Estimation Studies Done for Indian Transport Sector -- 3 Policy Implications in the Indian Transport Sector. , 3.1 Policies in Transport Sector of India -- 3.2 Summary of the Study -- References -- A State-Level Methodology for Estimating Present-Day Emissions of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants from Fired Brick Production in India -- 1 Realizing the Role of Brick Sector in Mitigation of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants -- 2 Estimating Emissions at State Level -- 2.1 Activity Data -- 2.2 Technology-Linked Emission Factor -- 2.3 Uncertainty Estimation -- 3 Technology-Specific Brick Production Per State -- 3.1 National Brick Demand -- 3.2 State-Level Brick Production -- 3.3 Fractional Allocation of Kiln Technology for Each State -- 4 State-Level Emissions of SLCPs -- 4.1 Aerosols: Constituents and SO2 -- 4.2 Ozone Precursors -- 4.3 Uncertainty in Emissions -- 5 Conclusions -- Appendix -- References -- Adaptation and its Socioeconomic Facilitators in the Marine Fishing Community of Maharashtra, India -- 1 Vulnerability and Need of Adaptation in Marine Fishing -- 2 Adaptation Strategies and Their Facilitators -- 3 Empirically Examining the Facilitators of Adaptation -- 4 Estimates of Adaptation and Its Facilitators -- 4.1 Adaptation in the Community -- 4.2 Education, Poverty and Cooperative Membership -- 4.3 Assessment of the Facilitators of Adaptation -- 4.4 Comparing the Facilitators of Different Adaptation Strategies -- 5 Insights and Way Forward -- References -- Biodiesel Blending in India-Analysis of National Biofuel Policy -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Policies and Initiatives for Transportation Biofuels in India -- 1.2 Transportation Biofuels in India -- 1.3 Issue of Economic Viability -- 2 Experience and Learning from Biofuel Blending Programmes from Other Countries -- 3 Discussion -- References -- Cross-Scale Institutional Linkages in Climate Change Responses: An Indian Perspective -- 1 Climate Change and India -- 1.1 Observed Changes, Trends and Impacts in India. , 1.2 Projected Impacts and Vulnerabilities to Climate Change for India -- 2 India's Adaptation Strategy in the Face of Climate Change -- 3 A Critique of the NAPCC -- 4 Cross-Scale Institutional Linkages in Climate Change Responses-The Need and Challenges -- References -- Economic Assessment of Climate Mitigation Pathways (2015-2050) for the Brick Sector in India -- 1 SLCPs-An Underlying Opportunity for India -- 2 Brick Industry in India -- 3 Tools of Analysis -- 4 Future of Bricks -- 5 Aggregate Economic Implications of Brick Industry -- 6 Summary -- References -- Energy Efficiency Policies in India: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 India's Energy Demand -- 1.2 The Challenge of Mitigation -- 2 End-Use Energy Efficiency -- 2.1 Estimates of the Potential and Barriers -- 2.2 Policy Interventions -- 3 Standards and Labeling Program in India -- 3.1 Energy Savings and Emission Reduction -- 3.2 Consumer Response -- 4 Conclusions -- References.