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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental Expression of HNK-1-Reactive Antigens in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Molecular Heterogeneity of Sulfoglucuronylneolactotetraosylceramide in CNS Versus PNS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 57 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Monoclonal antibody HNK-1 reacts with a carbohydrate epitope present in proteins, proteoglycans, and sulfoglucuronylglycolipids (SGGLs). On high-performance TLC plates, SGGLs of the CNS from several species migrated consistently slower than those from the PNS, a result indicating possible differences in the structures. The structural characteristics of the major SGGL, sulfoglucuronylneolac-totetraosylceramide (SGGL-1), from CNS was compared with those of SGGL-1 from PNS. Although the composition, sequence, and linkages of the carbohydrate moiety of the SGGL-1 species were identical, SGGL-1 from CNS contained mainly short-chain fatty acids, 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1, amounting to 85% of the total fatty acids, whereas SGGL-1 from PNS contained large proportions (59%) of long-chain fatty acids (〉 18:0). These differences in the fatty acid composition accounted for the different migration pattern observed. The developmental expression of SGGLs and HNK-1-reactive proteins was studied in rat cerebral cortex between embryonic day (ED) 15 to adulthood. SGGLs in the rat cortex were maximally expressed around ED 19 and almost completely disappeared by postnatal day (PD) 20. This expression was contrary to their increasing expression in the cerebellum and sciatic nerve with postnatal development. Six to eight protein bands with a molecular mass of 〉 160 kDa were HNK-1 reactive in the rat cerebral cortex at different ages. The major HNK-1 reactivity to the 160-kDa protein band seen in ED 19 to PD 10 cortex decreased and completely disappeared from the adult cortex, whereas several other proteins remained HNK-1 reactive even in the adult. Western blot analyses of the neural cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) during development of the rat cortex with a polyclonal anti-N-CAM antibody showed that the major HNK-1-reactive protein bands were not N-CAMs. Between PD 1 and 10, 190–200-kDa N-CAM was the major N-CAM, and between PD 15 to adulthood, 180-kDa N-CAM was the only N-CAM present in the rat cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb08229.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Phencyclidine on the Metabolism of Individual Brain Proteins (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of phencyclidine on the metabolism of a selected number of rat brain proteins was determined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and quantitative fluorography. When rats were injected with phencyclidine, modulation of individual protein metabolism occurred in the pituitary and cortex. That is, a few proteins showed increased and others decreased incorporation of [35S]methionine, whereas total protein metabolism was unaltered. In contrast, in vitro treatment of brain tissue with phencyclidine inhibited incorporation of ra-diolabel into all proteins by — 50%, as shown by quantitative fluorography of individual proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb12991.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental Expression of HNK-1-Reactive Antigens in the Rat Cerebellum and Localization of Sulfoglucuronyl Glycolipids in Molecular Layer and Deep Cerebellar Nuclei (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 55 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Monoclonal antibody HNK-1-reactive carbohydrate epitope is expressed on proteins, proteoglycans, and sulfoglucuronyl glycolipids (SGGLs). The developmental expression of these HNK-1-reactive antigens was studied in rat cerebellum. The expression of sulfoglucuronyl lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide (SGGL-1) was biphasic with an initial maximum at postnatal day one (PD 1), followed by a second rise in the level at PD 20. The level of sulfoglucuronyl lacto-N-norhexaosyl ceramide (SGGL-2) in cerebellum was low until PD 15 and then increased to a plateau at PD 20. The levels of SGGLs increased during postnatal development of the cerebellum, contrary to their diminishing expression in the cerebral cortex. The expression of HNK-1-reactive glycoproteins decreased with development of the rat cerebellum from PD 1. Several HNK-1-reactive glycoproteins with apparent molecular masses between 150 and 325 kDa were visualized between PD 1 and PD 10. However, beyond PD 10, only two HNK-1-reactive bands at 160 and 180 kDa remained. The latter appeared to be neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM-180. A diffuse HNK-1-reactive band seen at the top of polyacrylamide electrophoretic gels was due mostly to proteoglycans. This band increased in its reactivity to HNK-1 between PD 15 and PD 25 and then decreased in the adult cerebellum. The lipid antigens were shown by two complementary methodologies to be localized primarily in the molecular layer and deep cerebellar nuclei as opposed to the granular layer and white matter. A fixation procedure which eliminates HNK-1-reactive epitope on glycoproteins and proteoglycans, but does not affect glycolipids, allowed selective immunoreactivity in the molecular layer and deep cerebellar nuclei. In order to confirm this localization, SGGLs were analyzed by HPTLC-immunoverlay method in micro-dissected cerebellar layers from freeze-dried cryocut sections: they were found primarily in the molecular layer and deep cerebellar nuclei and were undetectable in the granule cell layer and white matter. These results, along with the lack of SGGLs and disialosyl lacto-N-neotetraosylceramide (LD1) in several Purkinje cell-deficient murine mutants reported previously, indicate that these glycolipids are associated specifically with Purkinje cell dendrites in the molecular layer and Purkinje cell axon synapses in deep cerebellar nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb05791.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Transport of Cerebrosides and Sulfatides in Rat Brain During Development (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 50 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Synthesis and transport of nonhydroxy fatty acid (NFA)- and hydroxy fatty acid (HFA)-containing ceramides, cerebrosides, and sulfatides were studied in vivo in rat brain during development. After an intracerebral injection of [3H]serine, incorporation into these lipids of microsomal and myelin membranes was analyzed after HPLC. Distribution of amounts and incorporation of radioactivity were also determined in individual molecular species of these lipids. The results showed that HFA-ceramides and long-chain NFA-ceramides have small pool sizes and rapid turnover rates in the microsomal membranes and are preferentially utilized for the synthesis of long-chain (≥20:0) HFA-and NFA-galactocerebrosides of both microsomal and myelin membranes. Glucocerebrosides are not expressed in myelin and their synthesis in microsomal membranes is predominant before the onset of myelination. With development, synthesis and accumulation of HFA-cerebrosides increase over NFA-cerebrosides in both microsomal and myelin membranes. In myelin, incorporation of radioactivity into HFA-cerebrosides is even higher than that expected by transport alone from microsomal membranes and it is possible that part of the HFA-cerebrosides in myelin could be due to de novo synthesis by myelin itself. The amount of NFA- and HFA-sulfatides is about equal, both in myelin and microsomal membranes, and this relative proportion does not change with development. Similar relative rates of incorporation of radioactivity into sulfatides of microsomal and myelin membranes are consistent with the notion that both NFA and HFA sulfatides are synthesized in the microsomal (Golgi) membranes and are transported to myelin. In vitro kinetic analysis of both myelin and microsomal galactosyltransferase with different HFA-ceramide species showed an apparent Km of about 0.12 mM, whereas the Vmax was highest for h24:1 ceramide followed by that for h18:0 and h24:0 ceramides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb02950.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phencyclidine and Analogues: Effects on Brain Protein Synthesis (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 42 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Phencyclidine and four analogues were tested for their capacity to inhibit total protein synthesis in a brain homogenate. At 1.0 mM they were all found to be potent inhibitors with values ranging from 36% to 96% inhibition. At this high concentration two of the analogues were equal to or more effective than the classic protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide and emetine. At lower concentrations the inhibition dropped off sharply to 18% at 1.0 × 10−4M and 9% at 1.0 × 10−5M for phencyclidine. If the inhibition observed in the brain homogenate occurs in vivo it may account for the high incidence of memory loss reported with phencyclidine use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb02692.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of Cerebroside and Sulfatide Metabolism in Glia Cells (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Mouse oligodendroglioma cells, G-26 clone 20 and 24, contain galactosylceramide (cerebroside) and sul-fogalactosylceramide (sulfatide) as determined by an HPLC technique. The synthesis of both these lipids was stimulated by 10−-6M hydrocortisone (cortisol) and also by the removal of serum from the culture medium. Forty-eight hours after the addition of cortisol the incorporation of H235SO4 into sulfatide, the level of sulfatide and the specific activity of the enzyme 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate:galactosylceramide sulfotransferase in the cells increased three- to fourfold. The level of cerebroside and the specific activity of UDP-galactose: hydroxyacyl sphingosine galactosyltransferase also increased threefold in the cells on treatment with cortisol. The effect of the hormone on the synthesis of cerebroside preceded the increase in sulfatide synthesis. Experiments with cycloheximide and actinomycin D showed that the effect of the hormone on glycolipid synthesis in these cells was mediated through de novo messenger RNA and protein synthesis. Removal of serum from the culture medium resulted in an approximately twofold enhancement of H235SO4 incorporation into sulfatide within 24 h. The levels of sulfatide and cerebroside and the specific activity of the galactosyltransferase and sulfotransferase also increased significantly after serum removal. However, in contrast to the effect of the steroid, the sulfotransferase activity and the level of sulfatide increased prior to elevations in galactosyltransferase and cerebroside. The effect of serum removal was also found to be mediated by de novo RNA and protein synthesis. The effects of cortisol and serum removal on the synthesis of cerebroside and sulfatide were strictly additive. This observation plus the different temporal patterns of induction suggest that two separate regulatory mechanisms at the nuclear level exist in oligodendroglioma cells for the biosynthesis of these glycolipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb05492.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decrease in 17β-oestradiol receptor in brain of ageing rats (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 253 (1975), S. 366-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Immature (7 week), adult (44 week) and old (108 week) female Wistar rats maintained in the rat colony were used. The rats of the three age groups were bilaterally ovariectomised and reared on tap water and standard diet for 21 d to ensure complete disappearance of oestradiol from the blood as ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/253366a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α1,3 Fucosyltransferase, α-L-fucosidase, α-D-galactosidase, β-D-galactosidase, and Lex glycoconjugates in developing rat brain (1998)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 15 (1998), S. 379-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: α1,3 fucosyltransferase ; SSEA-1 ; Lex ; α-fucosidase ; α-galactosidase ; β-galactosidase ; rat development ; forebrain ; cerebellum ; Lex, Lewisx ; SSEA-1, stage specific embryonic antigen-1 ; nLc4, neolactotetraosylceramide ; nLc6, neolactohexaosylceramide ; FT, fucosyltransferase ; Lac, Lactose ; LacNAc, N-acetyllatosamine ; LNFI, lacto-N-fucopentaose I ; NEM, N-ethylmaleimide ; CNS, central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fucosyltransferases (FTs) and various glycosidases that are involved in the biosynthesis or degradation of SSEA-1 (Lex) antigens and their precursors in the CNS are developmentally regulated. In forebrain and cerebellum with lactosamine (LacNAc) as acceptor the FT activity was maximal at P15–P22, but with the glycolipid substrate paragloboside (nLc4) the maximal activity in cerebellum was obtained at P10–P15. The FT activity, with these substrates, was insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and the glycolipid product had an α1,3 linkage (Fuc to GlcNAc) suggesting similarities of the investigated enzyme to the cloned human and rat FT IV. However, the observation of different patterns of FT activity in isoelectrofocused fractions (pH 3.5–10) with different types of acceptors, and the differential expression of Lex containing glycolipids and glycoproteins during development strongly suggest the presence of more than one type of FT during development. Data on developmental expression of the hydrolytic enzymes, α-L-fucosidase, β-D-galactosidase and α-D-galactosidase, which can potentially hydrolyse SSEA-1 or its precursors, support the notion that SSEA-1 expression is the result of a dynamic balance between the activity of transferases and hydrolases. © 1998 Rapid Science Ltd
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006925918978
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rat α1,3-fucosyltransferase (rFucT-IV) gene encodes both long and short forms of the enzyme which share the same intracellular location (1998)
    Springer
    Glycoconjugate journal 15 (1998), S. 671-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4986
    Keywords: fucosyltransferase ; recombinant enzyme ; intracellular trafficking ; transfected cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Fucosyltransferase (FucT) activity has been detected on the surface of mouse germ cells and rat Sertoli cells, and has been postulated to play a role in cell-cell interactions. A recently cloned rat FucT (rFucT-IV) is expressed in the testes, and thus is a candidate for encoding the cell-surface FucT activity. This study maps the 5′-ends of several rFuc-T-IV mRNAs, and these results suggest that initiation of transcription may occur both upstream of the first ATG, as well as between the first two closely spaced, in-frame ATGs. Thus, in certain tissues, notably spleen, significant amounts of both a long and a short form of rFucT-IV would be predicted. This study also determines some basic properties of both the long and short forms of rFucT-IV, and investigates whether the use of alternative ATGs would allow FucT activity to be expressed both on the cell surface and in the Golgi. Plasmids that encode FLAG-epitope-labeled rFucT-IVs that initiate from either of the two ATGs were constructed, and rFucT-IV was expressed either in vitro using cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate, or after transfection in tissue culture. The results from these studies demonstrate that rFucT-IV is a glycosylated, transmembrane protein with a short cytoplasmic tail, and that either of the two ATGs in the 5′ region of the rFucT-IV gene are capable of acting as functional initiators of translation in vitro, to produce enzymatically active glycoproteins. However, no difference in the intracellular localization between the transferase containing a 48 amino acid or a 15 amino acid cytoplasmic tail was detected by immunocytochemistry, as both show the same pattern of Golgi-like staining in several different cell types, with no indication of surface expression. Thus, the additional amino-terminal 33 amino acids of the long form of rFucT-IV do not appear to influence its intracellular location in the cell types investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006984314437
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UDP-Galactose: Ceramide galactosyltransferase of rat central nervous system myelin during development (1986)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 11 (1986), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The activity of UDP-galactose: hydroxy fatty acid containing ceramide galactosyltransferase was studied in the myelin and microsomal fractions of rat cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and spinal cord during development. In all three regions, the specific activity of the enzyme reached a maximum in myelin prior to that in the microsomal membranes. This temporal relationship between myelin and microsomal fraction was similar in all the three regions, although the overall timing was shifted corresponding to known differential timing of myelin deposition in these regions. The activity of the enzyme from both the membranes, during development, increased in parallel with temperature up to 45°C. Specific localization of galactosyltransferase in early myelin may suggest specific role of the enzyme in the myelination process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00967971
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