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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intelligent specifications extraction interface for structural design (1990)
    Springer
    Engineering with computers 6 (1990), S. 153-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-5663
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Many descriptions of the design process do not include the specifications as part of the process, but rather as an input to the design. Once the specifications are considered to be the input, the assumption is made that they are in a form that is suitable for the design process to proceed. The need for a design always starts with ill-defined objectives. The process by which this information is transformed into well-defined design objectives is called the design specification extraction process. An attempt to expose the underlying structure of the first step in the design process—the design specifications—is presented in this paper. The extraction of specifications is divided into four major tasks—diagnosis or information gathering, interpretation and assessment, classification and decomposition, and information patching. The conceptual framework for the design specification extraction and synthesis is implemented in the expert system program SEISD (specification extraction interface for structural design) developed in the LISP programming language. A few examples are presented to demonstrate the implementation strategies. These examples are drawn from the specific problem of a beam design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01200313
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  • 2
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    Smoking accelerates pancreatic cancer progression by promoting differentiation of MDSCs and inducing HB-EGF expression in macrophages (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    In: Oncogene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-17
    Description: Smoking accelerates pancreatic cancer progression by promoting differentiation of MDSCs and inducing HB-EGF expression in macrophages Oncogene 34, 2052 (16 April 2015). doi:10.1038/onc.2014.154 Authors: S Kumar, M P Torres, S Kaur, S Rachagani, S Joshi, S L Johansson, N Momi, M J Baine, C E Gilling, L M Smith, T A Wyatt, M Jain, S S Joshi & S K Batra
    Print ISSN: 0950-9232
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Results from a dietary survey in an Indian T2DM population: a STARCH study (2014)
    BMJ Publishing
    In: BMJ Open
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-01
    Description: Objective To assess the dietary total and complex carbohydrate (CHO) contents in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants in India. Setting We enrolled 796 participants in this cross-sectional, single-visit, multicentre, two-arm, single-country survey. Participants were enrolled from 10 specialty endocrinology/dialectology centres from five regions of India. Participants A total of 796 participants (Asian) were enrolled in this study (385, T2DM and 409, non-T2DM). Key inclusion criteria—male or female ≥18 years, diagnosed with T2DM ≥12 months (T2DM), and not on any diet plan (non-T2DM). Study outcome Primary outcome was to find out the percentage of total energy intake as simple and complex CHO from total CHO. Secondary outcomes were to find the differences in percentage of total energy intake as simple CHO, complex CHO, proteins and fats between T2DM and non-T2DM groups. The percentage of T2DM participants adhering to diet plan and showing glycaemic controls were also examined. Results The mean (SD) of total calorie intake per day (Kcal) was 1547 (610, 95% CI 1486 to 1608) and 2132 (1892, 95% CI 1948 to 2316), respectively, for T2DM and non-T2DM groups. In the T2DM group (n=385), the mean (SD) percentage of total energy intake as total CHO, complex CHO and simple CHO was 64.1±8.3 (95% CI 63.3 to 64.9), 57.0±11.0 (95% CI 55.9 to 58.1) and 7.1±10.8 (95% CI 6.0 to 8.2), respectively. The mean (SD) percentage of complex CHO intake from total CHO was 89.5±15.3 (95% CI 88.0 to 91.1). The mean (SD) total protein/fat intake per day (g) was 57.1 (74.0)/37.2 (18.6) and 57.9 (27.2)/55.3 (98.2) in T2DM and non-T2DM groups, respectively. Conclusions Our study shows that CHO constitutes 64.1% of total energy from diet in T2DM participants, higher than that recommended in India. However, our findings need to be confirmed in a larger epidemiological survey. Trial registration number NCT01450592 & Clinical Trial Registry of India: CTRI/2012/02/002398.
    Keywords: Open access, Nutrition and metabolism, Diabetes and Endocrinology
    Electronic ISSN: 2044-6055
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by BMJ Publishing
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Formation of a Water-in-Oil Type Emul sion by the Concentration of the Oil Phase (1922)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 26 (1922), S. 481-486 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150221a006
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation of ultrasonic Lamb waves in piezoelectric plates (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 4113-4120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The propagation of the lowest-order symmetric (S0) and antisymmetric (A0) Lamb wave modes in a piezoelectric plate is investigated both theoretically as well as experimentally. The characteristics of the modes and their relation to the surface acoustic wave is modified by electrical boundary conditions on the plate surfaces. It is found that when both surfaces are either metallized or unmetallized, the surface acoustic wave is obtained by a linear superposition of the A0 and S0 modes. On the other hand, if only one surface is metallized, then the surface acoustic wave is equivalent to just one of modes (either the A0 or S0 mode, depending on which surface is metallized). The beating phenomenon, whereby wave energy launched on one surface transfers periodically back and forth between opposite plate surfaces, is present when both surfaces are either metallized or unmetallized, but is absent if only one surface is metallized. Experimental measurements performed on Lamb wave devices fabricated on Y-cut, Z-propagating lithium niobate plates are found to be in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349133
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitation of ultrasonic Lamb waves in piezoelectric plates (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 8018-8024 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The excitation of ultrasonic Lamb waves by an interdigital transducer (IDT) deposited on a piezoelectric plate is analyzed using the Green's-function method. The amplitudes of the generated Lamb waves are obtained in terms of the charge density on transducer electrodes. An electrostatic analysis that neglects piezoelectric coupling is used to relate this charge density to the voltage applied across the IDT. This is then used to calculate the radiation conductance of the transducer. Experimentally measured characteristics of interdigital transducers deposited on 128° Y-X and Y-Z lithium niobate plates are found to be in fair agreement with theoretical calculations. The analysis can also be used to calculate the electromechanical coupling between the IDT and various Lamb-wave modes. It is found that when the plate is more than a few acoustic wavelengths thick, the lowest-order symmetric and antisymmetric Lamb modes are almost equally generated. The slight difference in the velocities of these modes gives rise to the beating effect, whereby energy launched by the IDT on one surface transfers periodically back and forth between the two surfaces as a sinusoidal function of the distance traveled. A 65-MHz Lamb-wave delay line fabricated on a 0.25-mm-thick Y-Z lithium niobate plate shows the beating effect, with a beat wavelength of 14.7 mm, in good agreement with theoretical calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347498
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Properties of Drosophila Acetylcholinesterase (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 41 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Two distinct classes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are reported: a soluble species that shows heterogeneity of forms and a particulate species. The subunit composition of the particulate enzyme was studied using the active site label [3H]diisopropylfIuorophosphate. Comparison of the electrophoretic patterns on nondenaturing gels using the activity stain and the active site label shows that the label is specific to AChE. The smallest active site-containing subunit of the enzyme is a monomer of —60,000 daltons MW. Two such units are linked by disulphide bonds to produce a dimer of about 110,000 daltons. Another monomeric form of MW —64,000 daltons, although present, does not participate in the dimerisation. The particulate enzyme when solubilised exists as a 9–10S species as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation. This species has a MW 〉 200,000, as shown by its behaviour on a coarse-bead Sephadex-G200 column. Electrophoretic analysis suggests a MW of nearly 250,000 daltons for this form. Thus, this species is likely to be a tetramer. One possibility is that this tetramer is made up of two units of 64,000 daltons each and a dimer of 110,000 daltons. Preliminary data on mutant enzymes that support such a possibility are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb00818.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior of Halogenated Nitrobenzenes with β-Diketones. Part I. 1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and Acetylacetone (1956)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 78 (1956), S. 2222-2224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01591a054
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion beam mixing at the Fe2O3/Al2O3 interface (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 2228-2233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin Fe2O3 layers (44 and 55 nm) were deposited by pulsed excimer laser ablation on single-crystal alumina (α-Al2O3) substrates heated at 675 °C. The ion beam mixing of these α-Fe2O3/α-Al2O3 couples was carried out using 300 keV Kr3+ ions at a fluence of 2×1016 ions/cm2. The mixing effect was followed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy, and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction method. RBS spectra do not show any evidence of mixing at the interface, whereas the data obtained with the two other techniques display phases like oxygen deficient Fe3O4, Fe3−yAlyO4, and Fe1+xAl2−xO4. For this last phase, x is determined as being equal to about 0.5. It is shown that ion beam mixing is more efficient for the thinner Fe2O3 layer, in accordance with the projected range of the Kr3+ ions. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363115
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalous resisto-acoustic effect (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 6868-6874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new effect, the anomalous resisto-acoustic effect, is theoretically predicted. This effect deals with increase in the velocity of surface acoustic waves due to deposition of a thin conducting film on the piezoelectric substrate. The influence of a thin conducting layer on the propagation of surface acoustic waves in a piezoelectric medium is investigated theoretically. It is generally believed that wave velocity would decrease monotonically with increasing sheet conductance of the layer. Our calculations show, however, that in the case of weakly inhomogeneous surface waves, such as Bleustein–Gulyaev and Love waves, there exists a certain conductance interval in which the wave velocity increases with increasing layer conductance. This anomalous behavior is related to the penetration depth of the wave into the substrate. The anomalous effect is present if the penetration depth exceeds a certain critical value, and absent otherwise. The characteristics of surface acoustic waves in various structures containing layers of finite and/or in finite conductivity have been investigated. It is found that under certain conditions vm, the velocity for a metallized surface, may actually be greater than v0, the velocity for an unmetallized surface. The anomalous resisto-acoustic effect allows one to obtain value of Δv/v, the financial velocity change, that is greater than the normally predicted value of Δv/v=(v0−vm)/v0. For example, for Bleustein–Gulyaev waves propagating in Y-cut, X-propagation potassium niobate, values of Δv/v greater than 0.32 can be obtained, compared to the normally predicted value of 0.26. This has significant advantages in improving the performance of various sensing and signal processing devices. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371765
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