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  • 1
    Book
    Book
    The Southampton Oceanography Centre (SOC) ocean - atmosphere heat, momentum and freshwater flux atlas (1998)
    Southampton : Oceanography Centre
    Details Availability
    Keywords: Meereskunde ; Klimatologie
    Type of Medium: Book
    Pages: 30 S., [Anh.] , Ill., graph. Darst
    Series Statement: Report / Southampton Oceanography Centre 6
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Rapid Cooling and Increased Storminess Triggered by Freshwater in the North Atlantic (2020)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Recent winters have been unique due to the rapid and extreme cooling of the subpolar North Atlantic. Here, we present a novel view on its causes and consequences. Combining in-situ observations with remote sensing and atmospheric reanalysis data, we show that increased freshening of the subpolar region gives rise to a faster surface cooling in fall and winter. Large freshwater events, in particular, result in pronounced cold anomalies with sharp temperature gradients that promote an enhanced storminess. The storms reinforce the cooling by driving stronger heat losses and modulating the surface flow. Consistent with this mechanism, past freshwater events have been followed by cold anomalies in winter of approximately −2°C and increases in the North Atlantic Oscillation index of up to ∼0.6 within 3 years. We expect that future freshwater discharges into the North Atlantic will amplify the cold anomaly and trigger an enhanced wintertime storminess with far-reaching climatic implications.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 3
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    Extreme Variability in Irminger Sea Winter Heat Loss Revealed by Ocean Observatories Initiative Mooring and the ERA5 Reanalysis (2019)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters, 46 (1). pp. 293-302.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Ground-breaking measurements from the ocean observatories initiative Irminger Sea surface mooring (60°N, 39°30′W) are presented that provide the first in situ characterization of multiwinter surface heat exchange at a high latitude North Atlantic site. They reveal strong variability (December 2014 net heat loss nearly 50% greater than December 2015) due primarily to variations in frequency of intense short timescale (1–3 days) forcing. Combining the observations with the new high resolution European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) atmospheric reanalysis, the main source of multiwinter variability is shown to be changes in the frequency of Greenland tip jets (present on 15 days in December 2014 and 3 days in December 2015) that can result in hourly mean heat loss exceeding 800 W/m2. Furthermore, a new picture for atmospheric mode influence on Irminger Sea heat loss is developed whereby strongly positive North Atlantic Oscillation conditions favor increased losses only when not outweighed by the East Atlantic Pattern.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    DOI: 10.1029/2018GL080956
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 4
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    Southern ocean carbon and heat impact on climate (2023)
    The Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: The Southern Ocean greatly contributes to the regulation of the global climate by controlling important heat and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean. Rates of climate change on decadal timescales are therefore impacted by oceanic processes taking place in the Southern Ocean, yet too little is known about these processes. Limitations come both from the lack of observations in this extreme environment and its inherent sensitivity to intermittent processes at scales that are not well captured in current Earth system models. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Impact on Climate programme was launched to address this knowledge gap, with the overall objective to understand and quantify variability of heat and carbon budgets in the Southern Ocean through an investigation of the key physical processes controlling exchanges between the atmosphere, ocean and sea ice using a combination of observational and modelling approaches. Here, we provide a brief overview of the programme, as well as a summary of some of the scientific progress achieved during its first half. Advances range from new evidence of the importance of specific processes in Southern Ocean ventilation rate (e.g. storm-induced turbulence, sea-ice meltwater fronts, wind-induced gyre circulation, dense shelf water formation and abyssal mixing) to refined descriptions of the physical changes currently ongoing in the Southern Ocean and of their link with global climate.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 5
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    Developing an Observing Air–Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) for the global ocean (2023)
    Oxford Univ. Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The Observing Air–Sea Interactions Strategy (OASIS) is a new United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development programme working to develop a practical, integrated approach for observing air–sea interactions globally for improved Earth system (including ecosystem) forecasts, CO2 uptake assessments called for by the Paris Agreement, and invaluable surface ocean information for decision makers. Our “Theory of Change” relies upon leveraged multi-disciplinary activities, partnerships, and capacity strengthening. Recommendations from 〉40 OceanObs’19 community papers and a series of workshops have been consolidated into three interlinked Grand Ideas for creating #1: a globally distributed network of mobile air–sea observing platforms built around an expanded array of long-term time-series stations; #2: a satellite network, with high spatial and temporal resolution, optimized for measuring air–sea fluxes; and #3: improved representation of air–sea coupling in a hierarchy of Earth system models. OASIS activities are organized across five Theme Teams: (1) Observing Network Design & Model Improvement; (2) Partnership & Capacity Strengthening; (3) UN Decade OASIS Actions; (4) Best Practices & Interoperability Experiments; and (5) Findable–Accessible–Interoperable–Reusable (FAIR) models, data, and OASIS products. Stakeholders, including researchers, are actively recruited to participate in Theme Teams to help promote a predicted, safe, clean, healthy, resilient, and productive ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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    OceanRep: Article in a Scientific Journal - peer-reviewed
  • 6
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    Potential for seasonal prediction of Atlantic sea surface temperatures using the RAPID array at 26 $$^{\circ }$$ ∘ N (2016)
    In:  EPIC3Climate Dynamics, 46(9-10), pp. 3351-3370, ISSN: 0930-7575
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-15
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 7
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    The effect of the NAO on sea level and on mass changes in the Mediterranean Sea (2013)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Using zonal surface heat flux asymmetry to reveal new features of Southern Ocean air-sea interaction (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-04
    Description: 〉New results on Southern Ocean heat exchange and wind forcing are presented with a focus on zonal asymmetry between surface ocean heat gain in the Atlantic/Indian sector and heat loss in the Pacific sector. The asymmetry arises from an intersector variation in the humidity gradient between the sea surface and near surface atmosphere. This gradient increases by 60% in the Pacific sector enabling a 20 Wm〈sup〉-2〈/sup〉 stronger latent heat loss compared to the Atlantic/Indian sector. A new zonal asymmetry metric is used for intercomparison of atmospheric reanalyses and CMIP6 climate simulations. CMIP6 has weaker Atlantic/Indian sector heat gain compared to the reanalyses primarily due to Indian Ocean sector differences. The potential for surface flux buoys to provide an observation-based counterpart to the asymmetry metric is explored. Over the past decade, flux buoys have been deployed at two sites (south of Tasmania and upstream of Drake Passage). The data record provided by these moorings is assessed and an argument developed for a third buoy to sample the Atlantic/Indian sector of the asymmetry metric. In addition, we assess evidence that the main westerly wind belt has strengthened and moved southward in recent decades using the ERA5 reanalysis. We find only marginal evidence of a southward broadening of the belt in the Atlantic /Indian sector and northward broadening in the Pacific sector and that the latitude of maximum wind speed remains essentially unchanged.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 9
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    Reduction in winter surface heat loss over the past 70 Years threatens North-West Mediterranean convection (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: Over the past 70 years, a major change in winter air-sea heat loss between the North-west Mediterranean (NWMed) and the Aegean Sea, is revealed using the ERA5 amd 20CRv3 atmospheric reanalyses. The NWMed heat loss weakens from -154 Wm-2 in 1951-1985 to -137 Wm-2 in 1986-2020 as a results of weaker latent heat loss. This long-term weakening threatens continued dense water formation, and we show by evaluation of historical observations that winter-time ocean convection in the NWMed has declined by 40% from 1969 to 2018. Extension of the heat flux analysis reveals changes at other key dense water formation sites that favour an eastward shift in the locus of Mediterranean convection towards the Aegean Sea (where heat loss has remained unchanged at -172 Wm-2). The contrasting behaviour is due to differing time evolution of sea-air humidity and temperature gradients. These gradients have weakened in the NWMed due to more rapid warming of the air than the sea surface but remain near-constant in the Aegean. The different time evolution reflects the combined effects of global heating and atmospheric circulation changes which tend to offset heating in the Aegean but not the NWMed. The shift in heat loss has potentially significant consequences for dense water formation at these two sites and outflow to the Atlantic. The process of differential heat loss change in the Mediterranean Sea has implications for temporal variations in the balance of convection elsewhere e.g., the high latitude Atlantic/Arctic margin dense water formation sites (Labrador-Irminger-Nordic Seas).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 10
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    Thermal Rossby waves explain multidecadal upper ocean heat content variability in the Subpolar North Atlantic (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-01
    Description: It is important to understanding the mechanism behind multidecadal changes in North Atlantic ocean heat storage as these directly impact the climate of the surrounding continents. We construct a multidecadal upper ocean heat budget for the North Atlantic for the period 1950 to 2020 based on multiple observational datasets and a state of the art forced global ocean model. On multidecadal timescales ocean heat transport convergence is the dominant term in all regions of the North Atlantic. In the subpolar region (north of 45N) the heat transport convergence is largely explained by anomalous geostrophic currents acting on the mean temperature gradient. The timescale and spatial distribution of the anomalous geostrophic currents are consistent with basin scale ‘thermal’ Rossby waves propagating westwards/northwestwards in the subpolar gyre. Using a forced ocean model we link the ocean heat transport convergence with variations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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