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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A REBUS SYSTEM OF NON-FADE VISUAL LANGUAGE (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Child 5 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1979.tb00104.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffraction of elastic waves by defects in plates: Calculated arrival strengths for point force and thermoelastic sources of ultrasound (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of nondestructive evaluation 5 (1986), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4862
    Keywords: Ultrasonics ; elastic waves ; diffraction ; defects ; time-of-flight technique ; thermoelastic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper applies geometrical ray theory to the calculation of the surface displacements generated by point force and thermoelastic sources of ultrasound in plates containing planar defects. The calculation includes direct wave arrivals, waves undergoing back-wall reflection with or without mode conversion, and waves diffracted by the crack-tip. Ultrasonic B-scan data are also simulated so that comparison can be made with experimental data. It is shown that the thermoelastic source, which can be generated by a pulsed laser, is particularly well suited to defect detection by the ultrasonic time-of-flight technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00570623
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do aluminium and/or glutamate induce Alz-50 reactivity? A light microscopic immunohistochemical study (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 27 (1998), S. 45-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alzheimer's disease is thought to be characterized by conformational and phosphorylation changes in tau protein, leading to the formation of aggregations of paired helical filaments within neurons. Potential agents for inducing conformational changes in tau, namely aluminium and glutamate, were investigated in this study. Explant cultures of cortical neurons were established from embryonic day 17 rat fetuses. Cultures were exposed to aluminium, glutamate, aluminium/glutamate, aluminium/citric acid and citric acid (since aluminium is thought to enter cells via the transferrin receptor by complexing with citric acid) from 7–12 days in vitro. Control explants were exposed to basal medium only. On day 12, explants were paraffin-embedded. Four–six explants were serially sectioned per condition. For each explant, every 10th and adjacent 4 μm section were randomly selected and processed, with controls, for: (1) alcoholic morin histochemistry (to detect intracellular aluminium), (2) Perls' iron histochemistry (to control for the morin stain which also detects iron), (3) neurofilament immunohistochemistry (to estimate total neuronal number per explant) and (4) Alz-50 immunohistochemistry (to detect possible conformational changes in tau). The absolute number of stained/immunoreactive neurons was determined per explant. The percentage incidence was then determined per explant and averaged per condition. Explants in the aluminium conditions contained significant increases in the incidence of morin-positive aluminium containing neurons. There was also a significant increase in the incidence of Alz-50 positive neurons for the aluminium compared with control explants. These results suggest: (1) aluminium enters neurons and (2) aluminium alone induces possible conformational changes in tau as detected by the Alz-50 antibody, while aluminium combined with glutamate, or glutamate alone, do not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006986903687
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do aluminium and/or glutamate induce Alzheimer PHF-like formation? An electron microscopic study (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 27 (1998), S. 59-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Paired helical filaments (PHFs) constitute the majority of filaments in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), an Alzheimer's disease (AD) characteristic. PHFs consists of two filaments helically twisted around one another in a regular pattern. The effects of possible PHF-inducing candidates, namely aluminium and glutamate, were observed at the ultrastructural level in this investigation. Rat cerebral explants were exposed to aluminium, citric acid and glutamate singly or combined from 7–12 days in vitro (DIV), while control explants remained in basal medium. On 12 DIV, explants were processed for EM. Three–four EM explants were serially sectioned per condition. Ten 60 nm sections from five systematically sampled areas per explant were collected. One section was randomly chosen per sampled area and all neurons within it observed at 81 200– to record the presence of accumulations of curved filaments (CFs), straight filaments (SFs) or PHFs. Using stereological methods, absolute numbers and the percentage incidence of CFs and SFs were calculated. A significant increase in the frequency of neurons containing CF aggregations in aluminium explants compared to glutamate explants was found. There were no significant differences between conditions for neurons containing SF accumulations. Possible PHFs were observed in one aluminium/glutamate-treated explant. These results suggest that aluminium alone can cause significant formation of accumulations of C- or S-shaped CFs, some of which are double-stranded and twisted around one another regularly. However, structures that were possibly PHF-like were only observed in one aluminium-treated explant, thus making it premature to draw an association between aluminium and the induction of AD-like pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006939020525
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  • 5
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    Response (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-08-10
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Evidence for BDNF-mediated cortical competition [Neuroscience] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-21
    Description: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a secreted protein important for development and function of neocortical circuitry. Although it is well established that BDNF contributes to the sculpting of dendrite structure and modulation of synapse strength, the range and directionality of BDNF signaling underlying these functions are incompletely understood. To gain...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Host Cell Plasma Membrane Phosphatidylserine Regulates the Assembly and Budding of Ebola Virus [Structure and Assembly] (2015)
    The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-20
    Description: Lipid-enveloped viruses replicate and bud from the host cell where they acquire their lipid coat. Ebola virus, which buds from the plasma membrane of the host cell, causes viral hemorrhagic fever and has a high fatality rate. To date, little has been known about how budding and egress of Ebola virus are mediated at the plasma membrane. We have found that the lipid phosphatidylserine (PS) regulates the assembly of Ebola virus matrix protein VP40. VP40 binds PS-containing membranes with nanomolar affinity, and binding of PS regulates VP40 localization and oligomerization on the plasma membrane inner leaflet. Further, alteration of PS levels in mammalian cells inhibits assembly and egress of VP40. Notably, interactions of VP40 with the plasma membrane induced exposure of PS on the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane at sites of egress, whereas PS is typically found only on the inner leaflet. Taking the data together, we present a model accounting for the role of plasma membrane PS in assembly of Ebola virus-like particles. IMPORTANCE The lipid-enveloped Ebola virus causes severe infection with a high mortality rate and currently lacks FDA-approved therapeutics or vaccines. Ebola virus harbors just seven genes in its genome, and there is a critical requirement for acquisition of its lipid envelope from the plasma membrane of the human cell that it infects during the replication process. There is, however, a dearth of information available on the required contents of this envelope for egress and subsequent attachment and entry. Here we demonstrate that plasma membrane phosphatidylserine is critical for Ebola virus budding from the host cell plasma membrane. This report, to our knowledge, is the first to highlight the role of lipids in human cell membranes in the Ebola virus replication cycle and draws a clear link between selective binding and transport of a lipid across the membrane of the human cell and use of that lipid for subsequent viral entry.
    Print ISSN: 0022-538X
    Electronic ISSN: 1098-5514
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
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  • 8
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    One-third of global protected land is under intense human pressure (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-05-18
    Description: In an era of massive biodiversity loss, the greatest conservation success story has been the growth of protected land globally. Protected areas are the primary defense against biodiversity loss, but extensive human activity within their boundaries can undermine this. Using the most comprehensive global map of human pressure, we show that 6 million square kilometers (32.8%) of protected land is under intense human pressure. For protected areas designated before the Convention on Biological Diversity was ratified in 1992, 55% have since experienced human pressure increases. These increases were lowest in large, strict protected areas, showing that they are potentially effective, at least in some nations. Transparent reporting on human pressure within protected areas is now critical, as are global targets aimed at efforts required to halt biodiversity loss.
    Keywords: Ecology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Modelling infrasound signal generation from two underground explosions at the Source Physics Experiment using the Rayleigh integral (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-13
    Description: We use the Rayleigh integral (RI) as an approximation to the Helmholtz–Kirchoff integral to model infrasound generation and propagation from underground chemical explosions at distances of 250 m out to 5 km as part of the Source Physics Experiment (SPE). Using a sparse network of surface accelerometers installed above ground zero, we are able to accurately create synthetic acoustic waveforms and compare them to the observed data. Although the underground explosive sources were designed to be symmetric, the resulting seismic wave at the surface shows an asymmetric propagation pattern that is stronger to the northeast of the borehole. This asymmetric bias may be attributed to the subsurface geology and faulting of the area and is observed in the acoustic waveforms. We compare observed and modelled results from two of the underground SPE tests with a sensitivity study to evaluate the asymmetry observed in the data. This work shows that it is possible to model infrasound signals from underground explosive sources using the RI and that asymmetries observed in the data can be modelled with this technique.
    Keywords: Seismology
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 10
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    Loss of neurotrophin-3 from smooth muscle disrupts vagal gastrointestinal afferent signaling and satiation (2013)
    The American Physiological Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-12-06
    Description: A large proportion of vagal afferents are dependent on neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) for survival. NT-3 is expressed in developing gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle, a tissue densely innervated by vagal mechanoreceptors, and thus could regulate their survival. We genetically ablated NT-3 from developing GI smooth muscle and examined the pattern of loss of NT-3 expression in the GI tract and whether this loss altered vagal afferent signaling or feeding behavior. Meal-induced c-Fos activation was reduced in the solitary tract nucleus and area postrema in mice with a smooth muscle-specific NT-3 knockout ( SM-NT-3 KO ) compared with controls, suggesting a decrease in vagal afferent signaling. Daily food intake and body weight of SM-NT-3 KO mice and controls were similar. Meal pattern analysis revealed that mutants, however, had increases in average and total daily meal duration compared with controls. Mutants maintained normal meal size by decreasing eating rate compared with controls. Although microstructural analysis did not reveal a decrease in the rate of decay of eating in SM-NT-3 KO mice, they ate continuously during the 30-min meal, whereas controls terminated feeding after 22 min. This led to a 74% increase in first daily meal size of SM-NT-3 KO mice compared with controls. The increases in meal duration and first meal size of SM-NT-3 KO mice are consistent with reduced satiation signaling by vagal afferents. This is the first demonstration of a role for GI NT-3 in short-term controls of feeding, most likely involving effects on development of vagal GI afferents that regulate satiation.
    Print ISSN: 0363-6119
    Electronic ISSN: 1522-1490
    Topics: Medicine
    Published by The American Physiological Society (APS)
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